¡˹mcЖ|M(jn)
l(f)r(sh)g:2020-06-19 (li)Դ: ĬЦԒ c(din)
[Ҫ]˹mٳ@һǰӰ(gu)Ж|Ƅ(dng)ğ@ƺӡC(wn)}ϵġЖ|ՓȻ˹mcP(gun)ϵǽY(ji)(gu)ԛ_ͻߌ(du)P(gun)ϵij˹m(gu)ĹеĔ(du)^˹mķҰD(zhun)ʹͬɄe(du)đB(ti)ȳF(xin)(gu)(du)˹mhɑB(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃ҲM(jn)
[P(gun)I~]˹m
Ж|
˹m
911Ж|^(q)ɞ(gu)(do)ķ֑(zhn)(zhng)Ҫ(ni)ˑ(zhn)(zhng)(gu)ּƄ(dng)Ж|M(jn)̵ġЖ|hЖ|ɞýw͌W(xu)VP(gun)עĆ(wn)}˹˿ռ(sh)Ж|˹m(gu)ڽаl(f)]epصá@һ^(q)׃挦(du)Ć(wn)}˹m̼ĻcP(gun)ϵe˹mcP(gun)ϵĔM˹m(du)M(jn)̵Ӱ푽Ƕȣ\(yn)ý(gu)xP(gun)Փ̽ӑЖ|M(jn)̵ǰ
һ˹mcP(gun)ϵ
1974l(f)uһ˳ϯ˚Ẇ(gu)Һϵĺڷއ(gu)1974Y(ji)(d)ú15g(qun)ښWޡ30(g)(gu)ȡ(qun)(qun)(gu)l(f)(qun)(qun)֮µĴҎ(gu)ģɻ\(yn)(dng)[1]ΌW(xu)Һ͢D@\(yn)(dng)Q顰˳@˳ͬĻć(gu)Ҍ(sh)F(xin)ʾˬF(xin)ƶȵmԡ
˳Ҳl(f)ΌW(xu)猦(du)ͬĻcP(gun)ϵо͢Dڿ˸NĻcķeO(lin)ϵNĻųǣ½|˹m̺ͺڷĻ҇(gu)W(xu)߅J(rn)飺˹mĻͺڷĻcķeO(lin)ϵ@һc(din)ў˳(sh)C(qun)x(qun)y(tng)ľҪϵĺڷ͡Ж|˹m̡^(q)90rڷĻcķeO(lin)ϵҲS^(gu)˹mĻ[2]
˳ĻԲM(jn)̵P(gun)I׃׃Ǹ(gu)ĬF(xin)M(jn)̡ڵ˳ٲͬĻć(gu)ڬF(xin)M(jn)̵Ƅ(dng)ڌ(sh)F(xin)f(shu)ĻM(jn)ֻA(y)׃Ƅ(dng)KM(jn)x(gu)·ƶȲͬĻĻزܛQһ(gu)ܷ·Kƶ̺͖|cP(gun)ϵ܉C@һc(din)ֱo(j)70̺͖|Ļ߀J(rn)DzġĿwϿ1974-1989D(zhun)ć(gu)ķ֮̇(gu)[3]̕(hu)ɬF(xin)ķ׃Ҫ׃ɓo(h)(qun)׃@һ(chng)D(zhun)׃һ(g)شάF(xin)[4](sh)F(xin)^(gu)ŷرĻǃ(ni)ڵأh(yun)ط[5]M(jn)80ĩ90̵һ֧|̇(gu)Ҳ(sh)F(xin)^(gu)ɡ
һNƶ(du)˹m(gu)ҁ(li)f(shu)Dz(li)Ʒc|ĻP(gun)ϵƣ˹m̂y(tng)Ļ׃ľL(zhng)ԲKЖ|ĸԭ˹mЖ|M(jn)ֻͬ׃(do)Ж|˹m(gu)δѸ·һ(g)ҪԭĻ@һA(y)׃F(xin)^(qing)ĶM(jn)Ж|˹m(gu)ĻcF(xin)֮g^ďF(xin)鏊(qing)ҵČ(du)@һ^(q)Ļ׃Ҫ挦(du)˹m̺P(gun)ϵ(wn)}˹mǷ҇(gu)W(xu)J(rn)ăr(ji)ֵ^͚vʷ^(li)˹mc֮gһN_P(gun)ϵ˹m̼Á(li)֧ijЩ֕(hu)鷴(du)هԴڵĻA(ch)(du)ֵ֧ij̶ΣҪȡQ˹mȡQͬ˹m̰l(f)P(gun)ϵ(hu)(jng)(j)έh(hun)˹m̃r(ji)ֵ^ͨ^(gu)Ӱ(hu)(jng)(j)Ļȷ(li)ӏ(qing)`M(jn)˹m̱һ(g)(d)׃ȲֹҲ֧ǰЖ|˹m(gu)ҵM(jn)˹mֱ̲ҲΩһġQԵӰ
Ж|ƺCcЖ|˹m(gu)ұĻgڽY(ji)(gu)ԛ_ͻSW(xu)ߓ(j)J(rn)Ж|˹m(gu)co(w)@NʧƫHġЖ|ՓMiddle-Eastern Exceptionalismc˹mĻP(gun)ϵ挍(sh)ӳԴ(du)˹mĻe(cu)X(ju)(du)˹mĻJ(rn)R(sh)ʧں(jin)κƫ(zh)ж˹m̱|(zh)ǷġЖ|(gu)ҵ˹mx߄tJ(rn)˹m(gu)ҲҪM(jn)?yn)?li)˹m粻ĬF(xin)ȱɵģ˹m(gu)ƫx˹mɵ˹m@һwϵ(sh)F(xin)˹m(gu)ҵƶڴJ(rn)R(sh)£s(gu)cԁ(li)ֳxo˹m玧(li)ķNNʹཛ(jng)v(lin)ϵȻƔ\
˹mһԪ˼Sʽʹ䌦(du)ԵƶȺĻ^(gu)źäĿ(l)^ߌ(du)Č(sh)|(zh)ǃɷNKY(ji)xČ(du)pJ(rn)Լƶvʷ(yu)ԽƶǡvʷĽKY(ji)@N(du)P(gun)ϵʽģͨ^(gu)p(gu)ħ(du)(gu)Ĕ(du)J(rn)֪(do)µЖ|İYY(ji)˹m@(wn)}a(chn)Ĺ^Ĕ(du)DZ^ʧJ(rn)˹mcgY(ji)(gu)ԛ_ͻ
˹mcЖ|M(jn)̵P(gun)ϵ
L(zhng)ڵę(qun)xy(tng)ʹЖ|˹m(gu)қ](mi)xķ(du)h[6]˹mhɳɞ(sh)ϵη(du)ͬr(sh)ه(hu)˹m(gu)҅sǷ˹m@ʹЖ|(qun)x(qun)(gu)Ҷ횿]ĽY(ji)˹mܳɞM(jn)̵ߡ(du)Ж|˹m(gu)ǰē(dn)nӰƄ(dng)Ж|ğЖ|(qun)x(qun)t(dn)ĸĽY(ji)nj(qun)c˹m˾ܽ^鑪(yng)(du)ҪЖ|(qun)x(qun)(qing){(dio)ĻԺͲֲԣ(j)˷J(rn)F(xin)mʹЖ|˹m(gu)L(zhng)m(x)(qun)xy(tng)ηʽuy(tng)
һNƶ׃wo(w)Փͻl(f)ʽ߀ǝuM(jn)ʽ@һ׃wÓxЖ|˹m(gu)ҵάF(xin)(sh)@Щ(gu)άF(xin)(sh)˹mеҪáЖ|˹m(gu)?gu)ܰl(f)ښWޚvʷϵ\(yn)(dng)ʹͨ^(gu)_ԭt˹mӰεҪo(j)20ʹ_ԭt˹mh80ͨ^(gu)xe_(ti)f(shu)˹m̵֮˹m̚vʷϏδM(jn)^(gu)صڽ̸ĸW·(du)Ж|˹m(gu)?gu)](mi)нbx@Ҳζ܌˹mųЖ|˹m(gu)ҵM(jn)֮˹mcP(gun)ϵɞЖ|M(jn)̵ă(ni)׃
W(xu)ߌ˹mͨ^(gu)ʽ_(ti)(zh)ηQ˹mٳhijack democracy˹m(gu)ҵČW(xu)ߌQ顰˹m䌍(sh)^˹mٳĆ(wn)}Ϻ(bio)(zhn)κͨ^(gu)xe_(ti)(zh)ĺϷY(ji)M@һY(ji)ܲ(gu)ҵ˹mٳĸӳ(du)˹mƫ(zh)J(rn)R(sh)ҲxwF(xin)W(xu)J(rn)˹mM|(zh)϶Ƿ䶷(zhng)·Dͨ^(gu)DZʽ̺һ˹m(gu)䌍(sh)ڰ˹ֵܕ(hu)ȡ˹m_(ki)ʼֻؽM(gu)W(xu)s˹J(rn)Nͬģ˹mԭּx\(yn)(dng)ܱsһ(g)FһKwҲܸ(j)һ(g)A(y)O(sh)ĆһĹʽ(zhn)Թr(ji)ؑ(yng)˹m̺˹m\(yn)(dng)DZȻǷ(gu)ͷ[7]
˹mҪɄe(du)đB(ti)ȴ^磬ɄecЖ|˹m(gu)M(jn)̵P(gun)ϵɚw{N
1Zϣʽ(Jahiliyyah Paradigm)ZϣʽM(jn)˹mɄe£ِRx[8]Jihadi SalafiyyahՓͻ˹̹˹mx߰ëŵ䄓(chung)ߣ˹mxِx¡(k)زԸM(jn)ķʽԏጺͰl(f)չ@һՓJ(rn)鮔(dng)ǰ˹m(gu)ҵ(qun)Ƿ˹m̎c˹mʷǰġZϣƵĬF(xin)Zϣ횰l(f)(dng)ʥ(zhn)ƷF(xin)(qun)(sh)F(xin)(gu)Һ(hu)˹m(qun)Hakimiyyat Allah
(du)˹mоķ(gu)W(xu)ϣ˿y(tng)˹m(w)(wn)˹P堖Gilles KepelJ(rn)19966I(lng)(do)ĽM(du)ɳm܊I(yng)l(f)(dng)uԓM(du)(gu)Ŀ(bio)l(f)(dng)״u@uf(shu)˹mΓ·guerrilla routeʧ[9]ؽMȡ£ِRxM(du)(gu)Hȫ(gu)ɾ{ͬr(sh)(sh)F(xin)(qun)Ķ(zhng)ѽ(jng)ʧ@ЩзɫʵĘO˽Mѳɞ(gu)Hֶ(zhng)Ҫ䶷(zhng)ҪǡΓ·Ϳֲxעֻy(tng)µİ^ʧ(gu)ҡfailed states͑(zhn)_(ki)չҎ(gu)(dng)mȻ?ni)Ծ߂?gu)ģֲuĿћ](mi)аl(f)(dng)ݸAӸĶcl(f)(dng)Ⱥͨ^(gu)ʥ(zhn)Ʒѽ(qun)(qun)(gu)ҵĽKOĿ(bio)Y
Zϣʽʧζ(qing)ҷ(du)ġ£ِRxMo(w)ͨ^(gu)b(zhng)˹m(gu)ȡ(qun)˹m(qun)(gu)mȻؽM˹m粻֧ߺͬߣ(du)Ж|˹m(gu)KÅsʮ
2غ͵ԭּxʽModerate Fundamentalist Paradigm
o(j)70£ِRxM](mi)Ж|˹m(gu)?jin)Z(qun)(dng)ֵ(zhn)ҪɆTв(gu)K˹m(qun)ԇ(yn)ʹ˹mՓ͌(sh)`ܵ(zhn)@һ˹mMֻܰһҪ?jing)?w)غ͵ĸxٶȳɞ˹mĿǰ(sh)˹mhɶ@һʽаsȇ(gu)˹ֵܕ(hu)Ħxcl(f)չh@һʽĴ
cZϣʽͬ@һʽҲڱصď(f)x(yn)(sh)˹m̷(qun)(gu)ҡ(du)ͨ^(gu)Zȡ(qun)Ķ(zhng)·J(rn)(hu)˹mͨ^(gu)״ŬɌ(sh)F(xin)L(zhng)Ŀ(bio)o(w)һͣͨ^(gu)P(yng)˹mº̓r(ji)ֵ^(li)˹mr(ji)ֵ^ӰԌ(sh)F(xin)(hu)ɆTºО˹mͨ^(gu)uM(jn)ʽ׃(g)(hu)˹m
غ͵ԭּxJ(rn)ͨ^(gu)ֶθ(hu)ֻ˹m;֮һJ(rn)˹m܉ѸيZ(qun)@ζԓɄe(du)c෴䅢Ҫʽͨ^(gu)xe(zhng)ȡh(hu)ϯλИI(y)(hu)ȹ(hu)MI(lng)(do)(qun)ԅcQߡӰݛՓ
Zϣʽ͡غ͵ԭּxʽĽKO붼Ǟаʽԭڶ߲ܷ塰ġthe desirable͡Ɍ(sh)F(xin)ġthe possibleą^(q)eغ͵ԭּx(hu)xЌ(sh)xɫˣmȻKOĿ(bio)nj(sh)F(xin)(hu)˹m̺һ˹m(qun)ڌ(sh)`ȻJ(rn)ͬƶeOc@(g)xvغ͵ԭּx(du)Ж|˹m(gu)ҵM(jn)һĴM(jn)áԓһͨ^(gu)xe_(ti)Ƿ(hu)Ї(yn)˹m̷Ɖԭt(du)ȡ(du)ߵȣПo(w)Д?yn)߀](mi)Мغ͵ԭּxhЖ|˹m(gu)҈(zh)(c(din)̎xһ(y))
3x˹mʽLiberal Islamist Paradigm
x˹mʽָŗ˽˹m(qun)(gu)˹mɄeՓԇD{(dio)x˹mڽܬF(xin)ͬr(sh)˹mɫƶm(yng)Ж|˹m(gu)ҵĻcɷNʽԓʽ˞аx(w)(sh)ؿ˹mЖ|˹m(gu)еá
@һʽ˹mhɲٹرصď(f)x(du)xDŮڽ̳֜غ͑B(ti)˹ֵܕ(hu)x(li)İghHezibalWasatӼ{6̵Ŀ˺44DŮа漆˹DŮԼSxԓhI(lng)(do)˰RJ(rn)飺˹m̘OЄԵԭt˹m(ni)ڶNͶԪx(xing)[10]
(du)@h˹mֻǶ(zhng)ֶĿġxeҪҘ(bio)˹mhɣͻڽxeжڽɫʝصĿ̖(ho)U(zh)AøxJ(rn)ͬ@Щ̖(ho)ֻǡxeZ(y)ԡһ(zh)@Щho(w)Ҳo(w)⌍(sh)`@Щ̖(ho)ڽֻĸ(jng)xߡ
xcl(f)չh@һʽijɹ(sh)`2002ԓhxЫ@٣Ϊ(d)Mwԓh_(ti)δ˹mcxόo(w)^(q)eHˣԓh߀eOƄ(dng)W(zhn)Ҳo(gu)ஔ(dng)̶ȵĺ
x˹mʽh˹mɄecķeO(lin)ϵ(qing)֧M(jn)(du)(qun)xy(tng)څɞ酢c(gu)hɡ@ЩhcxhɵIJeСڅӽЖ|˹m(gu)аl(f)]ҪácǰɷNʽ@һʽЖ|˹m(gu)ҵάF(xin)(sh)څ(sh)(du)M(jn)һƄ(dng)@(g)xv˹mČ(sh)`(yng)ҕ˹mx̧^(yng)(dng)˹mcԻ(dng)ķeO
ӰЖ|M(jn)̵ă(ni)
1˹mķeO
(zhn)(gu)Ƅ(dng)Ж|Ж|ߵĺƳּڴM(jn)Ж|ġЖ|hͬr(sh)Ж|˹m(gu)ҵxҲⲿh(hun)(qun)x(qun)l(f)(zhn)Ҫ@˳غ͵˹mxߺxһҪ˹ֵܕ(hu)20043º20053°l(f)˃ɷP(gun)ĸáf(xi)̣o(h)_Ҫ佨˹m(gu)ҵĿ(bio)[11]2005갣h(hu)xe˹ֵܕ(hu)ȡ88(g)ϯλռh(hu)ϯλ(sh)20Hڈ(zh)h˹ֵܕ(hu)(dng)xhT߀̵ĿxeY(ji)˹ֵܕ(hu)Ӗ(xn)(do)ºĬ¡Ȳʾ˹ֵܕ(hu)(zhn)c(gu)(gu)(hu)(gu)_(ki)չ(du)Ԓ[12]
Mܡغ͵ԭּxδĽ˹m(gu)ҵнų(li)@һD(zhun)׃˹m협(yng)(hu)׃M(jn)Б(zhn){(dio)ķeOڅ(sh)˹mx˹mʽ^(gu)ǿܵġ
˹mġZϣʽx˹mʽD(zhun)׃@ʾ˹muغͻڅ(sh)ʹ˹mϵKuD(zhun)׃?yu)˹mɫ(hu)˹mCivilIslamɞƄ(dng)ķeO
(li)˹mW(xu)߇@˹mcP(gun)ϵչ_(ki)˼ҵĠ(zhng)Փ@(chng)(zhng)Փ֧ČW(xu)ռ(j)(yu)(sh)(du)oeOu(png)r(ji)簣̷W(xu)҃(yu)ظw_(d)SJ(rn)˹mo(w)_ͻF(xin)ƶc˹m̷еġֹԭtʮֽӽ
˹ֵܕ(hu)ǰI(lng)(do)˰ϡ_¶(do)ՓxԭtJ(rn)顰ζcQߣ
K˹mxW(xu)߹DJ(rn)˹m\(yn)(dng)Ⱥ\(yn)(dng)[13]˹mW(xu)ߌ(du)J(rn)ͬ˹mṩ˽̷ϵ(j)Ж|˹m(gu)ҵM(jn)
2˹mO
Sغ͵˹mhɅxeҲN(yn)һL(fng)U(xin)һijЩ˹mhɅcζȫƶȣ@SֻĶ(zhng)Ж|^(gu)ȥʮΌ(sh)`C˹mhͨ^(gu)ȡ(qun)ѽ(jng)ƜάF(xin)(sh)ǰ@ЩhJ(rn)R(sh)ֻͨ^(gu)ػطʽլF(xin)еΑҎ(gu)twƃ(ni)(zhng)ͨ^(gu)Ϸʽȡ(qun)܌(sh)F(xin)佨(qun)ĽKOĿ(bio)ֹxcl(f)չh⣬˹mhδЖ|˹m(gu)ͨ^(gu)xe(zh)˹mČ(sh)`mȻһ(g)ɹC˹mD(zhun)͡rB(ti)xy(tng)c(gu)ҲᲢՓغ͵˹mhڈ(zh)Ƿ(hu)(du)(ni)(sh)˹m(du)зĿǰyA(y)
˹mhɱҲһɲ׃(ni)ҲڡM(jn)ɡ͡غɡĶ(zhng)˹ml(f)չʷC˹mM(ni)l(f)M(jn)ɡ͡غɡķǡM(jn)ɡռ(j)(yu)(sh)غ͵˹mhҲܡM(jn)19921l(f)܊׃h(hu)xeY(ji)ȡ˺غ͵˹mꇾu׃?yu)鼤M(jn)M
@(g)xvĴ_ڡ˹mٳĿܡHH@N(dn)Ķ˹mhųM(jn)֮⣬(du)Ж|M(jn)ؓ(f)Ӱ˹mh_(ti)Ȼ܌(do)ˡԭtƉֹ͕(hu)(do)(hu)(dng)ʎ1991ꮔ(dng)˹mꇾڵطxeЫ@٣@h(hu)xe܊Sxeo(w)Ч˹mꇾI(lng)(do)ˣ(do)ԓ(gu)m(x)(sh)(hu)(dng)ʎֲ(dng)ⱡĽӖ(xn)ԳɞЖ|˹m(gu)̎˹mhɅ(wn)}ϵǰ܇֮bͬӾf(shu)(du)˹ֵܕ(hu)ȡĸ߉ߣ߰l(f)ِx¡(k)زͰߺġ£ِRxOx˼Įa(chn)
ӰЖ|M(jn)̵ⲿ
Ж|˹m(gu)ҙ(qun)xy(tng)εL(zhng)ھSֵⲿ׃(gu)Ж|ߡڇ(gu)Ҫ(gu)cһЩ(qun)x(qun)Y(ji)ĬS(qun)xͼy(tng)εĴԶ˹m(sh)İl(f)չ(gu)ڰԛ_ͻƫ̻ɫ(do)°˹̹δ܌(sh)F(xin)(gu)(mng)(zhn)(zhng)(gu)˹mʥɳذv܊(gu)Ж|߱M(jn)˹mɞɿ(dng)wĹl(f)˹֏(qing)ҵıZкܺđB(ti)(yn)?f)p(gu)ĵxʽĹŶȣʹ(gu)P(yng)ՓCЖ|˹m(gu)ҵı(gu)xЖ|߲HȫƏVɡġ(gu)ʹɞЖ|˹m(gu)ϵK
911(gu)J(rn)ȱЖ|^(q)ѳɞֲxĜشڇ(gu)Ұȫ{r£̙(qun)x(qun)Ж|m(x)mȻS֬F(xin)ʹЖ|(qun)(gu)ұַ(wn)@N(wn)OƏV(hu)ڶڃ(ni)(do)Ж|ք(sh)(dng)ʎ@N(dng)ʎǽO(sh)Ե@NДƳЖ|h_(ki)ʼ{(dio)(du)˹m@һ{(dio)wF(xin)څ^(q)e(du)M(jn)ɡ͡غɡڴM(jn)ɡͬr(sh)cغɡ_(ki)չ(du)ԒʾԽܜغ͵˹mhɈ(zh)20054ؓ(f)؟(z)˙(qun)̈́ڹ(w)(gu)(gu)(w)˹ءڿeе(gu)˹mՓϱʾ(gu)Ըcͨ^(gu)xe_(ti)˹mxߺ[14](zhn)ܜغ͵˹mhɈ(zh)
(gu)(du)˹mB(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃ں̶ܴϿ˷ˌ(do)Ж|(wn)}ʧZ(y)ġCϰYAlgerianSyndromeʹЖ|(qun)x^m(x)(gu)(do)ķ֑(zhn)(zhng)(li)Ƈ(gu)(ni)˹mhĶ˹mhɅⲿϵKЖ|M(jn)̄(chung)ⲿh(hun)
(dng)Ȼ@һ{(dio)ζ(gu)ŗˌ(du)Ж|˹m(gu)ҙ(qun)x(qun)֧֣(du)Ж|pؘ(bio)(zhn)ԌSߑT(du)(gu)Ж|M(jn)̲ǸʽǝuM(jn)ʽt횞(li)Ą(hu)(dng)ʎ߰ɱ@Ж|^(q)(gu)Ŀ(bio)Ж|(sh)F(xin)ɿmanageddemocracyԷֹ˹m_(ti)Ж|˹m(gu)γɡZơЧ(yng)(do)¾ʧK`Ƅ(dng)Ж|ijԡ(gu)ڴЖ|Y(ji)xhɈ(zh)
塢Y(ji)Փ
˹m̲Ж|ĺ׃(yng)Ж|M(jn)̜w˹mĻ(gu)x(gu)HP(gun)ϵՓ̽ӑ˹m̌(du)Ж|M(jn)̵Ӱṩһ(g)ȫҕԓՓJ(rn)Оwactor֮gP(gun)ϵОwĻ(dng)(gu)Оw֮gP(gun)ϵǹ̶׃^ОwԷֽⲢ@һP(gun)ϵF(xin)Оw֮gP(gun)ϵĿ׃ԺM(jn)Ŀԡ˹m̺Č(du)P(gun)ϵǽoОw(gu)γɵ^Y(ji)(gu)ȿɱ(gu)锳(du)Ĺ^Ҳɱ(gu)CĹ^˹mĻcČ(du)P(gun)ϵͨ^(gu)Оw^D(zhun)׃Լ@ND(zhun)׃(li)ОwԻ(dng)졣˹m(du)B(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃(du)˹mB(ti)ȵD(zhun)׃p_(ki)ʼԻ(dng)ķeO˹m̲Ж|ĹϵKҌ(hu)ɞƄ(dng)M(jn)̵ķeO
עጣ
[1][] ͢D20 o(j)˳܊gϺ(lin)1998 棬21 (y)
[2]ƣ(dng)l(f)չЇ(gu)ǰ˼d(hu)ƌW(xu)1998 6 79 (y)
[3][] ͢D20 o(j)˳87 (y)
[4]ͬ[1]88 (y)
[5]ͬ[1]115116 (y)
[6]һ(g)r(f)sƶǻ˹ֺͻͽ֙(qun)ĽM
[7][]J. L. ˹У˹m{Ԓ߀ǬF(xin)(sh)|Եg(hu)ƌW(xu)īI(xin)1999 336 (y)
[8]g顰ʥ(zhn)x鮔(dng)ǰ˹m(gu)ҵ(qun)Ƿ˹mģ̎c˹mʷǰġZϣƵĬF(xin)Zϣ횰l(f)(dng)ʥ(zhn)ƷF(xin)(qun)(sh)F(xin)(gu)Һ(hu)˹m(qun)HakimiyyatAllah
[9]Gilles Kepel,The trail of political Islam,http://www.opendemocracy.net/content/articles/PDF/421.pdf.
[10][]Ƞ ʩſˣgh˹mͶԪ http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-579/_nr-8/_p-1/i.html
[11]@ɷҊ(jin)˹ֵܕ(hu)W(wng)վhttp://www.ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ID=5172&SectionID=356 http://www.ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ID=11232&SectionID=0&Searching=1
[12]uҕ_(ti)W(wng)վ ˹ֵܕ(hu)(zhn)c(gu)(gu)(hu)(gu)(du)Ԓhttp://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3F50A457-8BC8-4EC1-89FB-831B87FD94D8.htm
[13][]R _(d)ķ(dng)˹m˼еhttp://www.libyaforum.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=1385&Itemid=41
[14]U.S. Will Risk Middle East Reforms,http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/31ADB105-68FC-4BE8-BC40-90107F2678EF.htm.
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