呂劇是山東尤其濟(jì)南最主要的地方戲曲劇種之一。它以淳樸生動的語言、優(yōu)美悅耳的唱腔、豐富多彩的音樂語匯而深得廣大人民群眾的喜愛。 　　關(guān)于“呂劇”這一稱謂的由來,有多種說法。主要說法是,因首演化裝揚(yáng)琴戲《王小趕腳》時以紙糊驢為道具演唱,被當(dāng)時的群眾稱之為“唱驢戲的”,或直稱為“驢戲”,“驢”字有失大雅,所以改名。因“驢”與“呂”諧音,遂演變?yōu)椤皡蝿　�。雖然“呂劇”這一稱謂的由來說法眾多,但在解放前,“呂劇”這一名稱卻從來沒有被正式確定。藝人們一般將自己演唱戲稱為“化裝揚(yáng)琴戲”,大多數(shù)群眾也以“化裝揚(yáng)琴”或“揚(yáng)琴戲”稱之。
　　1952年以后,在對化裝揚(yáng)琴戲進(jìn)行了一系列改革的基礎(chǔ)上,以原“山東省歌劇團(tuán)”為基礎(chǔ)正式成立了“山東省呂劇團(tuán)”,“濟(jì)南市魯聲琴劇團(tuán)”也正式定名為“濟(jì)南市呂劇團(tuán)”。至此,呂劇這一名稱被正式確定。
　　中華人民共和國的成立,使呂劇發(fā)源地人民的物質(zhì)生活條件有了很大改善。呂劇作為一種真正的舞臺表演藝術(shù)受到黨和官方的重視及廣大群眾的熱愛。
　　呂劇的音樂是在從民間俗曲演變而來的,在“坐腔洋琴”的基礎(chǔ)上逐漸發(fā)展而成,其最為突出的特點(diǎn)是:既是“戲曲”又是“曲藝”。唱腔以板腔體為主,兼唱曲牌。曲調(diào)簡單樸實(shí)、優(yōu)美動聽、靈活順口、易學(xué)易唱。基本板式有“四平”、“二板”、“娃娃”三種。呂劇的伴奏樂器分文場和武場。文場主要樂器是墜琴、揚(yáng)琴,其次為二胡、三弦、琵琶、笛子、嗩吶等,可視劇情酌情增減。新中國成立后又增加了一些西洋管弦樂器,伴奏多采用“學(xué)舌”形式,武場伴奏樂器主要有皮鼓、板、大鑼、小鑼、大鐃鈸、堂鼓、打鼓等。鑼鼓經(jīng)均自京劇等劇種吸收。
　　呂劇曲調(diào)雖少,但富于變化。唱詞通俗易懂,唱腔樸實(shí)無華、優(yōu)美流利,娓娓動聽。而且,在民間有著深刻的群眾基礎(chǔ)。呂劇傳統(tǒng)劇目多取材于民間傳說故事,反映下層人民普通的日常生活,內(nèi)容表現(xiàn)家庭倫理、風(fēng)土人情、戀愛婚姻、兒女情長,經(jīng)過歷代藝人的千錘百煉,大部分戲故事性強(qiáng),情節(jié)細(xì)致生動,群眾語匯豐富,表演樸實(shí)自然,沒有嚴(yán)格的程式規(guī)范,比較生活化。由于呂劇運(yùn)用齊魯鄉(xiāng)音表現(xiàn)民間生活、民俗民情,充滿人民的感情和生活氣息,故為廣大群眾喜聞樂見。
　　1953年,山東省呂劇團(tuán)《李二嫂改嫁》的改編演出獲得極大成功,使山東呂劇在全國馳名,是呂劇發(fā)展史上的一座里程碑。一批新的優(yōu)秀劇目如《姊妹易嫁》、傳統(tǒng)戲《王定保借當(dāng)》、《光明大道》分別獲得了劇本獎、演員獎和音樂獎�！独疃�嫂改嫁》和其它劇目曾多次晉京演出,劇團(tuán)受到了黨和國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的接見。1957年前后,《李二嫂改嫁》、《兩壟地》、《姊妹易嫁》、《王漢喜借年》、《逼婚記》等劇目先后拍成電影藝術(shù)片在全國乃至國外放映。在此期間,50年代以后出現(xiàn)的著名女演員郎咸芬在現(xiàn)代呂劇中創(chuàng)造了許多成功的藝術(shù)形象,《李二嫂改嫁》中的李二嫂、《豐收之后》中的趙五嬸都給人留下深刻印象。她唱腔淳厚、表演樸實(shí),很受觀眾歡迎。同期的著名女演員還有林建華,王俊英等。
　　50多年來,經(jīng)過全省各大呂劇院(團(tuán))無數(shù)藝術(shù)家的辛勤勞動,呂劇藝術(shù)事業(yè)得到了空前發(fā)展。藝術(shù)院校、各院團(tuán)培養(yǎng)了大批優(yōu)秀人才,挖掘、移植了許多優(yōu)秀劇目,呂劇的唱腔設(shè)計、樂隊(duì)組合、舞臺美術(shù)、音響、燈光等方面也不斷改革,使呂劇面貌煥然一新。一臺臺優(yōu)秀劇目多次進(jìn)京上演,并得到許多國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人高度評價,撐起中國戲曲藝術(shù)一片天地,發(fā)展為全國著名的地方劇種。
　　如今,呂劇在現(xiàn)代戲探索上也成績卓著,其中較有代表性的就是現(xiàn)代戲《補(bǔ)天》。作為山東省呂劇院的重頭戲,《補(bǔ)天》再現(xiàn)了當(dāng)年8000名山東籍赴疆墾荒女兵的感人故事。該劇取名《補(bǔ)天》,就是把8000名山東女兵比作“新時代的女媧”,謳歌她們的奉獻(xiàn)精神。它和《李二嫂改嫁》一起展示新老呂劇的風(fēng)采。
　　
　　Lu Opera, one of the foremost local operas of Shandong particularly of Jinan, is deeply loved by the great masses because of its simple and vivid language, melodious aria as well as its rich and colorful music.
　　The establishment of the People’s Republic of China greatly improved the living conditions of people who lived in the source region of the Lu Opera. And great attention of the Party and government was paid to the Lu Opera, a true art of stage performance, which was loved by the masses.
　　Over 50 years, through the hard work of innumerable artists from each large Lu Opera Troupe in the whole province, Lu Opera has achieved unprecedented development. Artistic schools and all theatres and troupes have cultivated a large number of excellent talents, and unearthed and modified many excellent plays. Moreover, designs of aria, bands, stage art, acoustics and lighting have gradually been reformed. All of this gives Lu Opera a complete new look. Excellent plays have been performed one after another in Beijing many times, which were thought highly of by many national leaders. Now it has got a footing among the operas in China, and has developed into a famous local opera nationwide.
　　Nowadays, Lu Opera has made outstanding achievements in exploring the modern drama in which the most representative one is the Improving Heaven. As an important modern drama to Shandong Lu Opera Troupe this year, the Improving Heaven reproduces a moving story of 8,000 female soldiers of Shandong Province who went to Xin Jiang Autonomous Region for cultivating wasteland. It is named as the Improving Heaven because the female soldiers of Shandong Province were compared to the “Nuwa of the new era” (hence Nuwa is a goddess in Chinese mythology who amends the heaven with stones), so as to praise their spirit of dedication. This opera, together with Li Ersao’s Remarriage,shoßws the charm of the old and new Lu Opera.

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