天使之城、宏偉之城、快樂之城、永恒的寶石之城、堅(jiān)不可摧的城市、被賦予9枚寶石的宏偉首都、天宮般巍峨的皇宮⋯⋯泰國的小學(xué)課本中,有專門這樣一段文字讓孩子們背誦,而這段文字并非課文或者經(jīng)文,而是曼谷的泰文全名,也是世界上最長(zhǎng)的城市名稱。這里的華人用“泰京”這樣一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的詞匯來稱呼她。
　　200多年前,曼谷還只是一個(gè)小型貿(mào)易中心和港口。1767年,舊都大城被緬甸軍攻陷并徹底破壞。1782年,泰國曼谷王朝拉瑪一世國王遷都至湄南河西側(cè)的吞武里,并命名為“軍貼”,意思是天使之城。隨著泰國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,市區(qū)開始向東、北擴(kuò)展。在19世紀(jì)中后期五世王朱拉隆功大帝時(shí)代,王宮群開始向北建設(shè);后任的國王繼續(xù)往北建造其他宮殿。同時(shí),在湄南河?xùn)|側(cè)逐漸形成經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。20世紀(jì)后,都城中心移往湄南河?xùn)|側(cè),也就是現(xiàn)在曼谷所在的位置,西側(cè)如今成了老城區(qū)。
　　東南亞著名的湄南河(Chao Phraya River)橫穿曼谷市,把整個(gè)曼谷分辟為東西兩個(gè)部份。湄南河就像一條彩帶,給這座城市增添了不少色彩。而這條河流的水上交通,也成為曼谷的重要樞紐,并且產(chǎn)生了水上市場(chǎng)。運(yùn)河岸邊并排的水上人家,滿載著蔬菜和大小船只,讓曼谷贏得了“東方威尼斯”的封號(hào)。
　　曼谷佛教歷史悠久,東方色彩濃厚,佛寺廟宇林立,建筑精致美觀,以金碧輝煌的大王宮、餾金溢彩的玉佛寺、莊嚴(yán)肅穆的臥佛寺、充滿神奇?zhèn)髡f的金佛寺、雄偉壯觀的鄭王廟最為著名。曼谷,是世界上佛寺最多的地方,有大小400多個(gè)佛教寺院。漫步城中,映入眼簾的是巍峨的佛塔,紅頂?shù)乃略?紅、綠、黃相間的泰式魚脊形屋頂?shù)膹R宇,充滿了神秘的東方色彩。每天早晨,全城香煙裊裊,鐘聲悠悠,磬聲清脆動(dòng)聽,誦經(jīng)之聲不絕于耳。寺廟里的和尚、尼姑在街上慢慢行走,逐家化緣,成為曼谷街頭的特有景觀。曼谷眾多的寺院中,玉佛寺、臥佛寺、金佛寺最為著名,被稱為泰國三大國寶。
　　如今曼谷給游客的感覺是生機(jī)勃勃。不過,透過這個(gè)都市的表面您會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其驚人的美麗與優(yōu)雅之處。眾多宏偉壯觀、金碧輝煌的泰式建筑物將這個(gè)城市與其過去聯(lián)系了起來,而那些金光泛動(dòng)、造型奇特的摩天大樓則直指未來。擁擠喧鬧的大街的另一邊便是寧靜蜿蜒的胡同,兩邊是一排排木屋,給人一種歸宿感。坐在空中輕軌上游覽這個(gè)城市,各種景致便盡收眼底:美麗的公園、蔥郁的熱帶花園和保存完好的殖民時(shí)代風(fēng)格的大型官邸。最主要的水道――昭披耶河展示了城市寧靜的一面:乘坐水上交通工具或租船在河上游覽,體驗(yàn)一下那迷宮般的運(yùn)河,也別有一番情趣。
　　到了夜晚,這個(gè)城市變得活力四射,成為亞洲最活躍的娛樂園。一流的泰國飯店設(shè)在傳統(tǒng)宅院里。這里烹飪技術(shù)堪稱世界第一,迷人詭異的夜總會(huì)、充滿情調(diào)的酒吧和各種娛樂場(chǎng)所遍布全城各個(gè)角落。在這里游客絕對(duì)不會(huì)感到無聊。
　　曼谷繁華多彩的夜生活,在東南亞地區(qū)可說是首屈一指,各種娛樂應(yīng)有盡有,尤其對(duì)于喜愛搜集奇珍異品的旅客來說,曼谷的大型購物中心更是規(guī)劃完善,包括泰國著名的蠶絲制品,印染棉布、珠寶、銅器和各類手工藝品一應(yīng)俱全。宛如一串串黃金珠鏈的泰國國花――金鏈花(Rajapruek),在泰北叫做Lom Laeng,泰國東北稱為Koon。每當(dāng)干燥季節(jié)來臨時(shí),金鏈花會(huì)在樹梢開滿了像瀑布一般的黃澄澄花,尤其每年的2月到5月,整顆樹只見黃花綻放。泰國人認(rèn)為這些像黃金般燦爛顏色的花會(huì)讓人的靈魂愉悅豐富,而金鏈樹不但是國花,并且具有烹飪、醫(yī)療等多方面的用途。
　　漫步曼谷的河岸區(qū),偶爾邂逅一兩個(gè)供著花圈的神龕,或是替人看相的命相師。婦女搖著滿載著水蓮花的舢舨,寺廟里的風(fēng)鈴在沉靜的空氣中回響著。黃昏的夕陽染紅了皇宮的黃金尖頂,美麗的景致,盡在舉手投足之間,而這種耐人尋味的感覺,也只有親身體驗(yàn)才可以感受得到。由于人民受到佛教教義的洗禮,泰國人認(rèn)為微笑是建立良好人際關(guān)系的秘方,親切和藹的笑容,更讓來此地的觀光客享有賓至如歸的感受。曼谷之于泰國,正如巴黎之于法國,倫敦之于英國一般,代表著這個(gè)國家的精神和文化。
　　
　　Bangkok is the capital, largest urban area and primary city of Thailand. Known in Thai as Krung Thep Mahanakhon, meaning “City of the Deity”, it was a small trading post at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River during the Ayutthaya Kingdom. It came to the forefront in Siam when it was given the status as the capital city in 1768 after the burning of Ayutthaya. However, the current Rattanakosin Kingdom did not begin until 1782 when the capital was moved across the river by Rama I after the death of King Taksin. The Rattanakosin capital is now more formally called “Phra Nakhon,” a reference to the ancient boundaries in the heart of the metropolis and the name Bangkok now incorporates the urban growth since the 18th century which has its own public administration and governor.
　　Since its inception as the capital of Siam, it was at the center of European colonial plans, but due to its strategic location in Indochina, it acted as a buffer-zone and brokered power between the European forces. Through this, it gained notoriety in the world as an independent, dynamic, and influential city. And in the span of over two hundred years, Bangkok has grown to become the political, social and economic center not only of Thailand but of Indochina and even of Southeast Asia.
　　Bangkok is considered to be one of the world"s tourist hotspots. Bangkok is Thailand"s major tourist gateway, which means that the majority of foreign tourists arrive in Bangkok. The city boasts some of the country"s most visited historical venues such as the Grand Palace, Wat Pho, and Wat Arun. There are numerous projects to maintain Bangkok"s historic sites in the Rattanakosin area and river districts.
　　Although it is one of Asia"s most important cities economically, the urban pace of Bangkok is somewhat relaxed, as the city offers enormous amounts of getaway locations. Most residents tend to feel stress because of the volume of traffic in the city. Peak hours are between 6:30 and 9:30 am and 4:30 to 8:00 pm on weekdays, with a general chaotic state of traffic on Monday morning and Friday evening.

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