不同裝煙方式對(duì)烤后煙葉外觀質(zhì)量和能耗的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來(lái)源: 幽默笑話 點(diǎn)擊:
摘 要:為了檢驗(yàn)散葉插簽裝煙和煙夾裝煙烘烤的先進(jìn)性和適應(yīng)性,在盧氏縣杜關(guān)荊彰鎮(zhèn)鑫葉專業(yè)煙葉合作社烘烤工廠進(jìn)行了散葉、煙夾和編竿3種不同裝煙方式的對(duì)比試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,散葉處理在烤后煙葉質(zhì)量方面較優(yōu)于掛竿和煙夾,但優(yōu)勢(shì)總體不明顯,煙夾處理的烤后煙葉質(zhì)量和掛竿相當(dāng);裝煙量和干煙量以散葉烘烤的最多,煙夾烘烤的次之,掛竿烘烤的最小;掛竿烘烤的耗能最多,煙夾烘烤次之,散葉烘烤耗能最;另外,煙夾烘烤最省工,掛竿烘烤最費(fèi)工。
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;裝煙方式;散葉;掛竿;煙夾;烤后煙葉質(zhì)量;能耗
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TS44+1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-060X(2015)07-0063-04
Abstract:In order to check the advancement and adaptability of leaf loading ways of intercalating rods and using clips in loose tobacco leaf flue-curing, the comparative test was done in different leaf loading ways such as loose style, clip style and hanging style at the curing workshop of Xinye specialized tobacco cooperatives in Jingzhang Town, Lushi County. The results are as follows.(1)the quality of cured tobacco leaves of the loose style treatment was better than those of the two other treatments, but the advantage was not obvious, and the quality of cured tobacco leaves was similar between clip style treatment and hanging style treatment.(2)The capacity of loading fresh leaves and drying leaves was the most in the loose style, followed by the clip style but the least in the hanging style.(3)The energy consumption was the most in the hanging style, and at the mid-level in the clip style but the least in the loose style. And(4)the labor quantity was the least in the clip style, but the most in the hanging style.
Key words:flue-cured tobacco; mode of leaf loading; loose style; hanging style; clip style; quality of cured tobacco leaf; energy consumption
適度規(guī)模種植是代表中國(guó)煙葉生產(chǎn)發(fā)展方向的新組織形式[1],密集烘烤裝煙方式的不斷變革是這種新組織形式的集中體現(xiàn)。密集烤房是目前煙葉烘烤過(guò)程中應(yīng)用最為廣泛的一種烤房類(lèi)型,相較普通自然通風(fēng)烤房,密集烤房表現(xiàn)出了節(jié)能、省工、減耗等諸多方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)[2-10]。散葉和煙夾是近年來(lái)密集烘烤中新興起的兩種裝煙方式,相對(duì)普通編竿烘烤方式來(lái)說(shuō),省去了編煙和下竿的工序,同時(shí)裝煙量更大。因此,在目前種煙勞動(dòng)力短缺和密集烤房不能滿足實(shí)際烘烤需要的情況下,散葉和煙夾裝煙方式逐漸成為很多產(chǎn)區(qū)提高烘烤效率以及降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的途徑之一[11-15]。為了檢驗(yàn)散葉插簽裝煙和煙夾裝煙烘烤的先進(jìn)性和適應(yīng)性,特在盧氏縣杜關(guān)荊彰鑫葉專業(yè)煙葉合作社烘烤工廠進(jìn)行了散葉、煙夾和編竿3種不同裝煙方式的對(duì)比試驗(yàn),以期找到適合該區(qū)煙葉烘烤的最佳裝煙方式。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)材料
1.1.1 試驗(yàn)用地及品種 試驗(yàn)材料取自盧氏縣杜關(guān)煙葉工作站康家灣新品種示范田,試驗(yàn)田土質(zhì)為棕壤,肥力中等。供試品種為云煙87,于2014年5月12日移栽,行距120 cm,株距50 cm,田間管理按優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙栽培生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)范進(jìn)行。按照試驗(yàn)采收標(biāo)準(zhǔn),選取長(zhǎng)勢(shì)基本一致的煙葉進(jìn)行烘烤,采收時(shí)保證煙葉部位一致,成熟度較好。
1.1.2 試驗(yàn)用烤房 供試烤房為氣流上升式密集烤房,裝煙室規(guī)格為長(zhǎng)800 cm,寬270 cm,高330 cm,分三棚兩路,循環(huán)風(fēng)機(jī)上置,最高功率2.2 kW。
1.2 試驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 共設(shè)3個(gè)處理:G(編竿)、J(煙夾)和S(散葉),每個(gè)處理2次重復(fù)。編竿方式每竿編煙120片左右;煙夾每夾15 kg左右;散葉裝煙方式以松緊適宜為準(zhǔn)。散葉參考貴州散葉烘烤工藝,編竿和煙夾參考3段式烘烤工藝,同時(shí)結(jié)合試驗(yàn)實(shí)際烘烤情況進(jìn)行烘烤。
1.2.2 烤房溫濕度變化及能耗統(tǒng)計(jì) 溫濕度計(jì)都掛置在裝煙室一棚和三棚的中部位置,溫濕度探頭距煙把頭的位置以8~10 cm為宜。每4 h記錄1次各處理烤房?jī)?nèi)的溫濕度和煙葉變化情況。烘烤結(jié)束對(duì)每個(gè)處理的用煤量及用電量進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)。
1.2.3 不同處理烤煙產(chǎn)量統(tǒng)計(jì) 烤前選取有代表性的煙葉作為樣竿(10竿)、樣夾(6夾)和樣格(6格)稱重,樣竿(格、夾)都裝在中間棚次靠中位置,烤后對(duì)樣竿、夾、格稱重,根據(jù)烘烤前后記錄的數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算每座烤房的烤前裝煙量和烤后產(chǎn)量。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:煙葉 能耗 外觀 方式 質(zhì)量
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