烤煙葉片長度與中性香氣成分含量及感官質(zhì)量關(guān)系研究
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-24 來源: 幽默笑話 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要:為明確烤煙葉片長度與煙葉中性香氣物質(zhì)含量的關(guān)系,以烤煙品種NC89為試驗(yàn)材料研究了烤煙中、上部葉片長度與中性香氣成分含量的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,多數(shù)類胡蘿卜素類降解產(chǎn)物、非酶棕色化反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物、氨基酸降解產(chǎn)物含量在中部葉長59~62 cm時達(dá)到最大值,隨著中部葉長的繼續(xù)增加含量迅速降低;中部葉除新植二烯外香氣物質(zhì)總量在中部葉長62 cm時達(dá)到最大值。而大部分類胡蘿卜素類降解產(chǎn)物、非酶棕色化反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物、氨基酸降解產(chǎn)物在上部葉長65~68 cm時含量較高;上部葉除新植二烯外香氣物質(zhì)總量在上部葉長65 cm時最高;感官評吸結(jié)果表明中上部葉片分別在59~62、59~65 cm范圍內(nèi)濃香型程度較為突出。綜合各香氣成分的含量,中部葉與上部葉最適葉長范圍分別為59~62 cm和65~68 cm。
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;葉長;香氣成分;關(guān)系
中圖分類號:S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2012)05-0943-05
Relationship of Leaf Length and Neutral Aroma Components in Flue-cured Tobacco
。模 Hui-hui1,SHI Hong-zhi2
。ǎ保 Xuan"en Branch of Enshi Tobacco Company, Xuanen 445500, Hubei, China;
。玻 College of Tabacco Science,Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China)
。粒猓螅簦颍幔悖簦 The relationship between the length of middle and upper leaves and the contents of neutral aroma components of flue-cured tobacco were investigated by using NC89 as material. The results showed that in the middle and upper leaves, most of the carotenoid catabolite, Mallard and amino acid catabolites reached the highest level when the leaves length were 59~62 cm; and in the middle leaves, they decreased with the increase of leaves length. The content of volatile aroma components except for neophytadiene was the highest when the middle leaves length was 65 cm. However, for upper leaves, the length was 65 cm. The sensory evaluation results showed that in the middle and upper leaves, the flavor were more prominent at the range of 59~62 and 59~65 cm, respectively. Considering all the important aroma components, the optimum leaf length for middle and upper leaves were 59~62 cm and 65~68 cm, repectively.
Key words: flue-cured tobacco; leaf length; aroma components; relationship
優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉是煙株適度生長發(fā)育的結(jié)果,葉片大小是煙株生長發(fā)育狀態(tài)的重要標(biāo)志,因而葉片大小與煙葉質(zhì)量間存有一定的聯(lián)系[1]。煙葉葉位不同化學(xué)成分的含量也不同[2]。姜茱等[3]的研究表明,煙堿含量隨葉長的增長而提高,逐漸趨于優(yōu)質(zhì)煙的要求。優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的適宜長度不應(yīng)小于50 cm。此外,李東亮等[4]的研究表明烤煙不同部位煙葉葉長、葉厚和葉面密度與鉀、鉀氯比和氯的關(guān)系密切。目前關(guān)于烤煙葉片長度與常規(guī)化學(xué)成分及物理特性間關(guān)系的報道較多,但烤煙葉片長度與中性香氣成分含量的關(guān)系卻鮮見報道。煙葉香味是煙草品質(zhì)的核心,煙葉的香氣質(zhì)、香氣量和香型風(fēng)格是由煙葉中多種香味成分的組成、含量及相互作用決定的[5]。明確烤煙葉片長度與煙葉中香氣成分含量的關(guān)系對通過改善栽培措施提高煙葉品質(zhì)具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
。 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)材料
。玻埃埃鼓暝诤幽鲜∠宄强h以主栽烤煙品種NC89為試驗(yàn)材料,取中部和上部煙葉進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。中、上部葉片以每隔3 cm選取一個葉組,每一葉組1 cm的變化范圍。中部葉共分為9組,分別為47(47.01~47.99)、50(50.01~50.99)、53(53.01~53.99)、56(56.01~56.99)、59(59.01~59.99)、62(62.01~62.99)、65(65.01~65.99)、68(68.01~68.99)、71(71.01~71.99) cm;上部葉共分為7組,分別為53(53.01~53.99)、56(56.01~56.99)、59(59.01~59.99)、62(62.01~62.99)、65(65.01~65.99)、68(68.01~68.99)、71(71.01~71.99) cm。
。保 香氣成分含量的測定
香氣成分含量測定采用氣-質(zhì)聯(lián)用色譜儀,每一葉組測定2次,計算各香氣成分含量的平均值。
前處理采用水蒸氣蒸餾-二氯甲烷溶劑萃取法。在500 mL圓底燒瓶中加入10.000 g煙樣,1.0 g檸檬酸,500 μL內(nèi)標(biāo),再加入350 mL去離子水。取40 mL二氯甲烷于250 mL圓底燒瓶中。同時安裝蒸餾萃取裝置,裝置中出現(xiàn)分層時開始計時。2.5 h后收集250 mL燒瓶中的有機(jī)相,加入10 g左右無水硫酸鈉搖勻至溶液澄清,轉(zhuǎn)移有機(jī)相到雞心瓶,水浴濃縮有機(jī)相至1 mL左右。所得分析樣品由GC/MS鑒定結(jié)果和NIST庫檢索定性。
煙葉樣品采用HP5890II-5972氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用色譜儀進(jìn)行定性分析。色譜柱為HP5(60 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm);載氣及流速:He,0.8 mL/min;進(jìn)樣口溫度250 ℃;傳輸線溫度280 ℃;離子源溫度177 ℃;升溫程序?yàn)椋担?℃停留5 min,5 ℃/min升至120 ℃停留5 min,5 ℃/min升至180 ℃停留5 min,6 ℃/min升至250 ℃停留15 min;分流比1∶15,進(jìn)樣量2 μL;電離能70 eV,電離方式為EI;質(zhì)量數(shù)范圍50~500 amu。采用NIST02譜庫檢索定性。假定相對校正因子為1,采用內(nèi)標(biāo)法定量。
。 結(jié)果與分析
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