摘  要：為掌握恩施烤煙香型香韻和品質(zhì)特征，對(duì)恩施主產(chǎn)煙區(qū)烤煙樣品進(jìn)行感官質(zhì)量分析。結(jié)果顯示，恩施烤煙香型為中間香型，程度“尚顯著-較顯著”，植煙區(qū)域、海拔和品種間煙葉香型一致性高。恩施煙區(qū)屬“武陵秦巴生態(tài)區(qū)—醇甜香型”，香韻豐富，15種香韻有14種得到顯現(xiàn);香韻以干草香、正甜香為主，輔以木香，復(fù)合清甜香、焦甜香、青香、豆香、堅(jiān)果香、焦香、辛香、果香、藥草香、花香、酒香。香氣品質(zhì)中主要指標(biāo)香氣質(zhì)、香氣量和透發(fā)性均處于中等+至較好的水平。植煙區(qū)域?qū)ο沩嵅町愑酗@著影響，中海拔煙區(qū)香氣品質(zhì)最佳。總的來看，恩施煙區(qū)屬“武陵秦巴生態(tài)區(qū)—醇甜香型”，香韻豐富，主要香韻是干草香和正甜香;香氣品質(zhì)中等至較好，香氣特征穩(wěn)定，中海拔煙區(qū)更能彰顯香型特征和香氣品質(zhì)。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙;風(fēng)格特征;香氣;香韻
　　中圖分類號(hào)：TS41+1          文章編號(hào)：1007-5119（2019）02-0087-05      DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2019.02.013
　　Abstract： In order to study the aroma and quality characteristics of Enshi flue-cured tobacco， sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco samples in Enshi main tobacco producing areas was analyzed. The results showed that the aroma type of Enshi flue-cured tobacco was intermediate， and the degree was "moderate significant - significant"， and the consistency of aroma type of Enshi flue-cured tobacco was high among tobacco growing areas， altitudes and varieties. The Enshi tobacco area belongs to the "Wuling Qinba ecological area-mellow sweet-scent type"， with rich fragrance， and 14 of the 15 fragrances are displayed. The fragrances are mainly hay fragrance， positive sweet fragrance， supplemented by woody fragrance， complex sweet fragrance， burnt sweet fragrance， green fragrance， bean fragrance， nut fragrance， spicy fragrance， fruit fragrance， herb fragrance， flower fragrance and wine fragrance. The main aroma quality indicators， aroma quality， aroma quantity and permeability were in the middle + to better level. The aroma quality of tobacco was the best in the middle altitude tobacco planting area. Generally speaking， the Enshi tobacco area belongs to the "Wuling Qinba ecological area-mellow sweet-scent type"， rich in aroma， with the main aroma being hay aroma and positive sweet-scent. The aroma quality is medium to good， the aroma characteristics are stable， and the middle altitude tobacco area can better show the aroma characteristics and aroma quality.
　　恩施地處湖北省西南部，降水充沛、雨熱同期，是傳統(tǒng)的優(yōu)質(zhì)煙區(qū)。上世紀(jì)60年代，全國(guó)烤煙香型區(qū)劃認(rèn)為恩施烤煙風(fēng)格屬中間香型[1-2]。2008年恩施州煙草公司依托中國(guó)煙草專賣局重大科技項(xiàng)目“卷煙品牌導(dǎo)向的煙葉生產(chǎn)體系研究—‘清江源’特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)體系研究”[3]，對(duì)主產(chǎn)區(qū)烤煙香型進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究，明確了“甜、雅、香”風(fēng)格特征，甜感突出、富有甜潤(rùn)、無干燥感，香味飄溢、口感細(xì)膩、成團(tuán)性好，香味濃馥、芬芳優(yōu)美、厚而留長(zhǎng)。2014年全國(guó)烤煙香型區(qū)劃進(jìn)一步明確恩施煙區(qū)香氣風(fēng)格特征[4]，以干草香、醇甜香為主體香韻，醇甜香突出。近年來，卷煙消費(fèi)者對(duì)卷煙抽吸時(shí)煙氣所表現(xiàn)出的香型日益關(guān)注，工業(yè)企業(yè)在卷煙開發(fā)時(shí)也不斷提高了煙葉香型風(fēng)格與卷煙品牌內(nèi)涵的匹配度，并以此為采購(gòu)煙葉原料的主要依據(jù)。恩施烤煙主要工業(yè)調(diào)撥用戶也反映烤煙香氣在年度間、縣域間有一定的波動(dòng)，要求產(chǎn)區(qū)持續(xù)增加香氣風(fēng)格的特色和穩(wěn)定性。這些市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)變化倒逼煙區(qū)在煙葉生產(chǎn)中需要持續(xù)關(guān)注煙葉風(fēng)格特征的變化、特點(diǎn)、問題，并在煙葉種植區(qū)域選擇、栽培技術(shù)優(yōu)化、烘烤工藝調(diào)整等方面做出配套反應(yīng)，使煙葉香氣風(fēng)格彰顯和穩(wěn)定。因此選擇恩施主要產(chǎn)區(qū)烤煙樣品為試驗(yàn)材料，對(duì)香型、香韻種類、香氣品質(zhì)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，旨在明確不同主產(chǎn)區(qū)煙葉香氣風(fēng)格特征類型及差異，為恩施特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和卷煙工業(yè)采購(gòu)煙葉原料提供依據(jù)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：恩施 主產(chǎn) 烤煙 香型 香氣