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煙稻連作田施用不同氮磷鉀配比肥料對烤煙抗病性的影響

發(fā)布時間:2019-08-23 來源: 幽默笑話 點擊:


  摘要[目的] 為了研究煙稻連作田施肥與烤煙生長的關(guān)系。[方法] 在湖南瀏陽煙稻連作田進行烤煙3個氮磷鉀配比肥料試驗,N∶P2O5∶K2O比例分別為1.0∶1.0∶3.5、1.0∶1.0∶3.0、1.0∶2.0∶2.0, 分別以處理①~③表示。[結(jié)果] 基肥氮磷鉀配比對烤煙葉面積、葉面積指數(shù)及其變化過程的影響不大;處理②和③的烤煙節(jié)間距比處理①有所減。怀裏煵莼ㄈ~病外,處理①和②的黑脛病、青枯病發(fā)病率在0.05水平顯著低于處理③,處理②3種病害發(fā)病率最低;3個處理煙葉氮、磷、鈣、鎂、硫含量相差很小,處理 ①煙葉鉀含量比處理②和③高,肥料中鉀肥含量高有利于煙葉鉀含量的提高。[結(jié)論]不同氮磷鉀配比肥料對烤煙生長產(chǎn)生影響,其中處理②對黑脛病和青枯病發(fā)病率的影響最低。
  關(guān)鍵詞烤煙;肥料;連作;病害
  中圖分類號S572文獻標(biāo)識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2014)02-00424-02
  Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to study the relationship between fertilizers and tobacco growth. [Method] An experiment including three fertilizers of differential proportion of N,P and K were practiced in tobaccorice succession cropping field at Liuyang in Hunan Province. N∶P2O5∶K2O of treatment ①~③ was 1.0∶1.0∶3.5,1.0∶1.0∶3.0 and 1.0∶2.0∶2.0,respectively. [Result] NPK proportion of basic fertilizers had less effect on tobacco leaves areas,index of leaf areas and its course. Tobacco burl distances of treatment ② and ③ were shorter than that of treatment ①. Except tobacco mosaic disease,the phytophthora and ralstonia solanacearum rate of treatment ① and ② were lower significantly than those of treatment ③. That of treatment ② was the lowest of them. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and sulfur in tobacco leaves was similar basically among the treatments. The potassium content of treatment ① was higher than that of treatment ② or ③. The high potassium content of fertilizer could improve the potassium content of tobacco leaves. [Conclusion] The proportion of N,P and K fertilizers had the effects on tobacco growth. The phytophthora and ralstonia solanacearum rate of treatment ② were lower than that of treatment ① or ③.
  Key words Fluecured tobacco; Fertilizer; Succession cropping; Disease
  烤煙是我國重要的經(jīng)濟作物之一。煙葉產(chǎn)量和烤煙種植面積均居世界第一[1]。烤煙是忌連作作物[2]。連作對烤煙產(chǎn)量和煙葉品質(zhì)有不利的影響。晉艷等[3]對烤煙連續(xù)4年進行定位連作和輪作的對比研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)連作烤煙的田間長勢、產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值和外觀質(zhì)量均低于輪作,連作烤煙的產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值、中上等煙比例和均價分別為輪作的59.12%、29.93%、52.07%和50.06%。王連君等[4]對連作煙田土壤養(yǎng)分的變化進行了研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)連作2年煙田土壤養(yǎng)分變化不大,但烤煙連作3年以后土壤全氮和速效鉀含量降低,全磷、堿解氮和速效磷含量有所增加,土壤有機質(zhì)含量降低,pH上升。丁海兵等[5]研究了烤煙連作對煙田不同粒級土壤酶活性變化的影響。施肥是現(xiàn)代煙草生產(chǎn)的一個必需環(huán)節(jié)。人們十分希望通過合理施肥提高烤煙抗病性,克服烤煙連作障礙。目前,大量的研究表明氮素的施用量在一定水平時能夠增強作物對病害的抵抗力,但超過此施氮水平后,對作物抗病性有負作用[6-11]。磷鉀與其他養(yǎng)分[7,12-17]的協(xié)調(diào)施用及作物對養(yǎng)分的均衡吸收可以增強作物的抗病性,尤其是鉀肥的施用和作物體內(nèi)鉀含量的提高能夠顯著增強作物對病害的抵抗力。姚玉霞等[18]研究了烤煙野火病發(fā)病率與煙葉內(nèi)氮素含量之間的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)煙葉氮素含量越高,野火病發(fā)病率越高。高潔等[19]研究了氮、鉀肥的施用量與烤煙野火病發(fā)病率的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)氮肥施用量越大,烤煙野火病發(fā)病率越高;鉀肥施用量越高,烤煙野火病發(fā)病率越低。目前,關(guān)于施用不同氮、磷、鉀配比肥料對烤煙病害發(fā)生影響的報道較少。為此,筆者觀察了不同氮、磷、鉀配比肥料在煙稻連作區(qū)對烤煙部分病害發(fā)病率的影響。
  1.3調(diào)查項目與方法在每個小區(qū)固定能代表整個小區(qū)長勢的煙株3株,移栽后約7 d測量葉長和葉寬,在煙葉采收結(jié)束時測量煙株的節(jié)間距,在目標(biāo)病害發(fā)病高峰期調(diào)查病株數(shù),在烘烤結(jié)束后取煙葉樣品測定礦質(zhì)成分含量。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:抗病性 連作 烤煙 施用 配比

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