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經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專有名詞中英對照

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-09-01 來源: 事跡材料 點(diǎn)擊:

 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專有名詞

 ? A

  accounting:會計(jì)

  accounting cost :會計(jì)成本

  accounting profit :會計(jì)利潤

  adverse selection :逆向選擇

  allocation 配置

  allocation of resources :資源配置

  allocative efficiency :配置效率

  antitrust legislation :反托拉斯法

  arc elasticity :弧彈性

  Arrow"s impossibility theorem :阿羅不可能定理

  Assumption :假設(shè)

  asymetric information :非對稱性信息

  average :平均

  average cost :平均成本

  average cost pricing :平均成本定價(jià)法

  average fixed cost :平均固定成本

  average product of capital :資本平均產(chǎn)量

  average product of labour :勞動平均產(chǎn)量

  average revenue :平均收益

  average total cost :平均總成本

  average variable cost :平均可變成本

 ? B

  barriers to entry :進(jìn)入壁壘

  base year :基年

  bilateral monopoly :雙邊壟斷

  benefit : 收益

  black market : 黑市

  bliss point :極樂點(diǎn)

  boundary point :邊界點(diǎn)

  break even point :收支相抵點(diǎn)

  budget : 預(yù)算

  budget constraint :預(yù)算約束

  budget line :預(yù)算線

  budget set 預(yù)算集

 ? C

  capital : 資本

  capital stock :資本存量

  capital output ratio :資本產(chǎn)出比率

  capitalism :資本主義

  cardinal utility theory :基數(shù)效用論

  cartel :卡特爾

  ceteris puribus

 assumption :“其他條件不變”的假設(shè)

  ceteris puribus demand curve : 其他因素不變的需求曲線

  Chamberlin model :張伯倫模型

  change in demand : 需求變化

  change in quantity demanded : 需求量變化

  change in quantity supplied : 供給量變化

  change in supply : 供給變化

  choice : 選擇

  closed set :閉集

 Coase theorem :科斯定理

  Cobb—Douglas production function :柯布--道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

  cobweb model :蛛網(wǎng)模型

  collective bargaining :集體協(xié)議工資

  collusion :合謀

  command economy :指令經(jīng)濟(jì)

  commodity :商品

  commodity combination :商品組合

  commodity market :商品市場

  commodity space :商品空間

  common property :公用財(cái)產(chǎn)

  comparative static analysis :比較靜態(tài)分析

  compensated budget line :補(bǔ)償預(yù)算線

  compensated demand function :補(bǔ)償需求函數(shù)

  compensation principles :補(bǔ)償原則

  compensating variation in income :收入補(bǔ)償變量

  competition : 競爭

  competitive market : 競爭性市場

  complement goods : 互補(bǔ)品

  complete information :完全信息

  completeness :完備性

  condition for efficiency in exchange :交換的最優(yōu)條件

  condition for efficiency in production :生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件

  concave :凹

  concave function :凹函數(shù)

  concave preference :凹偏好

  consistence :一致性

  constant cost industry :成本不變產(chǎn)業(yè)

  constant returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變

  constraints : 約束

  consumer : 消費(fèi)者

  consumer behavior :消費(fèi)者行為

  consumer choice :消費(fèi)者選擇

  consumer equilibrium :消費(fèi)者均衡

  consumer optimization :消費(fèi)者優(yōu)化

  consumer preference :消費(fèi)者偏好

  consumer surplus :消費(fèi)者剩余

  consumer theory :消費(fèi)者理論

  consumption :消費(fèi)

  consumption bundle :消費(fèi)束

  consumption combination :消費(fèi)組合

  consumption possibility curve :消費(fèi)可能曲線

  consumption possibility frontier :消費(fèi)可能性前沿

  consumption set :消費(fèi)集

  consumption space :消費(fèi)空間

  continuity :連續(xù)性

  continuous function :連續(xù)函數(shù)

  contract curve :契約曲線

  convex :凸

  convex function :凸函數(shù)

  convex preference :凸偏好

  convex set :凸集

  corporatlon :公司

  cost :成本

  cost benefit analysis :成本收益分

  cost function :成本函數(shù)

  cost minimization :成本極小化

  Cournot equilihrium :古諾均衡

  Cournot model :古諾模型

  Cross—price elasticity :交叉價(jià)格彈性

 ? D

  dead—weights loss :重負(fù)損失

  decreasing cost industry :成本遞減產(chǎn)業(yè)

  decreasing returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞減

  deduction :演繹法

  demand :需求

  demand curve :需求曲線

  demand elasticity :需求彈性

  demand function :需求函數(shù)

  demand price :需求價(jià)格

  demand schedule :需求表

  depreciation :折舊

  derivative :導(dǎo)數(shù)

  derive demand :派生需求

  difference equation :差分方程

  differential equation :微分方程

  differentiated good :差異商品

  differentiated oligoply :差異寡頭

  diminishing marginal substitution :邊際替代率遞減

  diminishing marginal return :收益遞減

  diminishing marginal utility :邊際效用遞減

  direct approach :直接法

  direct taxes :直接稅

  discounting :貼稅、折扣

  diseconomies of scale :規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)

  disequilibrium :非均衡

  distribution :分配

  division of labour :勞動分工

  distribution theory of marginal productivity :邊際生產(chǎn)率分配論

  duoupoly :雙頭壟斷、雙寡

  duality :對偶

  durable goods :耐用品

  dynamic analysis :動態(tài)分析

  dynamic models :動態(tài)模型

 ? E

  Economic agents :經(jīng)濟(jì)行為者

  economic cost :經(jīng)濟(jì)成本

  economic efficiency :經(jīng)濟(jì)效率

  economic goods :經(jīng)濟(jì)物品

  economic man :經(jīng)濟(jì)人

  economic mode :經(jīng)濟(jì)模型

  economic profit :經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤

  economic region of production :生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域

  economic regulation :經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)

  economic rent :經(jīng)濟(jì)租金

  exchange :交換

  economics :經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

  exchange efficiency :交換效率

  economy :經(jīng)濟(jì)

  exchange contract curve :交換契約曲線

  economy of scale :規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)

  Edgeworth box diagram :埃奇沃思圖

  exclusion :排斥性、排他性

  Edgeworth contract curve :埃奇沃思契約線

  Edgeworth model :埃奇沃思模型

  efficiency :效率,效益

  efficiency parameter :效率參數(shù)

  elasticity :彈性

  elasticity of substitution :替代彈性

  endogenous variable :內(nèi)生變量

  endowment :稟賦

  endowment of resources :資源稟賦

  Engel curve :恩格爾曲線

  entrepreneur :企業(yè)家

  entrepreneurship :企業(yè)家才能

  entry barriers :進(jìn)入壁壘

  entry/exit decision :進(jìn)出決策

  envolope curve :包絡(luò)線

  equilibrium :均衡

  equilibrium condition :均衡條件

  equilibrium price :均衡價(jià)格

  equilibrium quantity :均衡產(chǎn)量

  eqity :公平

  equivalent variation in income :收入等價(jià)變量

  excess—capacity theorem :過度生產(chǎn)能力定理

  excess supply :過度供給

  exchange :交換

  exchange contract curve :交換契約曲線

  exclusion :排斥性、排他性

  exclusion principle :排他性原則

  existence :存在性

  existence of general equilibrium :總體均衡的存在性

  exogenous variables :外生變量

  expansion paths :擴(kuò)展徑

  expectation :期望

  expected utility :期望效用

  expected value :期望值

  expenditure :支出

  explicit cost :顯性成本

  external benefit :外部收益

  external cost :外部成本

  external economy :外部經(jīng)濟(jì)

  external diseconomy :外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)

  externalities :外部性

 ? F

  Factor :要素

  factor demand :要素需求

  factor market :要素市場

  factors of production :生產(chǎn)要素

  factor substitution :要素替代

  factor supply :要素供給

  fallacy of composition :合成謬誤

  final goods :最終產(chǎn)品

  firm :企業(yè)

  firms’demand curve for labor :企業(yè)勞動需求曲線

  firm supply curve :企業(yè)供給曲線

  first-degree price discrimination :第一級價(jià)格歧視

  first—order condition :一階條件

  fixed costs :固定成本

  fixed input :固定投入

  fixed proportions production function :固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

  flow :流量

  fluctuation :波動

  for whom to produce :為誰生產(chǎn)

  free entry :自由進(jìn)入

  free goods :自由品,免費(fèi)品

  free mobility of resources :資源自由流動

  free rider :搭便車,免費(fèi)搭車

  function :函數(shù)

  future value :未來值

 ? G

  game theory :對策論、博弈論

  general equilibrium :總體均衡

  general goods :一般商品

  Giffen goods :吉芬晶 收入補(bǔ)償需求曲線

  Giffen"s Paradox :吉芬之謎

  Gini coefficient :吉尼系數(shù)

  goldenrule :黃金規(guī)則

  goods :貨物

  government failure :政府失敗

  government regulation :政府調(diào)控

  grand utility possibility curve :總效用可能曲線

  grand utility possibility frontier :總效用可能前沿

 ? H

  heterogeneous product :異質(zhì)產(chǎn)品

  Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion :?怂挂豢柖喔@麡(biāo)準(zhǔn)

  homogeneity :齊次性

  homogeneous demand function :齊次需求函數(shù)

  homogeneous product :同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品

  homogeneous production function :齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

  horizontal summation :水平和

  household :家庭

  how to produce :如何生產(chǎn)

  human capital :人力資本

  hypothesis :假說

 ? I

  identity :恒等式

  imperfect competion :不完全競爭

  implicitcost :隱性成本

  income :收入

  income compensated demand curve :收入補(bǔ)償需求曲線

  income constraint :收入約束

  income consumption curve :收入消費(fèi)曲線

  income distribution :收入分配

  income effect :收入效應(yīng)

  income elasticity of demand :需求收入彈性

  increasing cost industry :成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)

  increasing returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞增

  inefficiency :缺乏效率

  index number :指數(shù)

  indifference :無差異

  indifference curve :無差異曲線

  indifference map :無差異族

  indifference relation :無差異關(guān)系

  indifference set :無差異集

  indirect approach :間接法

  individual analysis :個(gè)量分析

  individual demand curve :個(gè)人需求曲線

  individual demand function :個(gè)人需求函數(shù)

  induced variable :引致變量

  induction :歸納法

  industry :產(chǎn)業(yè)

  industry equilibrium :產(chǎn)業(yè)均衡

  industry supply curve :產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線

  inelastic :缺乏彈性的

  inferior goods :劣品

  inflection point :拐點(diǎn)

  information :信息

  information cost :信息成本

  initial condition :初始條件

  initial endowment :初始稟賦

  innovation :創(chuàng)新

  input :投入

  input—output :投入—產(chǎn)出

  institution :制度

  institutional economics :制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

  insurance :保險(xiǎn)

  intercept :截距

  interest :利息

  interest rate :利息率

  intermediate goods :中間產(chǎn)品

  internatization of externalities :外部性內(nèi)部化

  invention :發(fā)明

  inverse demand function :逆需求函數(shù)

  investment :投資

  invisible hand :看不見的手

  isocost line :等成本線,

  isoprofit curve :等利潤曲線

  isoquant curve :等產(chǎn)量曲線

  isoquant map :等產(chǎn)量族

 ? K

  kinded—demand curve :彎折的需求曲線

 ? L

  labour :勞動

  labour demand :勞動需求

  labour supply :勞動供給

  labour theory of value :勞動價(jià)值論

  labour unions :工會

  laissez faire :自由放任

  Lagrangian function :拉格朗日函數(shù)

  Lagrangian multiplier :拉格朗乘數(shù),

  land :土地

  law :法則

  law of demand and supply :供需法

  law of diminishing marginal utility :邊際效用遞減法則

  law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution :邊際替代率遞減法則

  law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution :邊際技術(shù)替代率

  law of increasing cost :成本遞增法則

  law of one price :單一價(jià)格法則

  leader—follower model :領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者--跟隨者模型

  least—cost combination of inputs :最低成本的投入組合

  leisure :閑暇

  Leontief production function :列昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

  licenses :許可證

  linear demand function :線性需求函數(shù)

  linear homogeneity :線性齊次性

  linear homogeneous production function :線性齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

  long run :長期

  long run average cost :長期平均成本

  long run equilibrium :長期均衡

  long run industry supply curve :長期產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線

  long run marginal cost :長期邊際成本

  long run total cost :長期總成本

  Lorenz curve :洛倫茲曲線

  loss minimization :損失極小化

  1ump sum tax :一次性征稅

  luxury :奢侈品

 ? M

  macroeconomics :宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

  marginal :邊際的

  marginal benefit :邊際收益

  marginal cost :邊際成本

  marginal cost pricing :邊際成本定價(jià)

  marginal cost of factor :邊際要素成本

 marginal physical productivity :實(shí)際實(shí)物生產(chǎn)率

  marginal product :邊際產(chǎn)量

  marginal product of capital :資本的邊際產(chǎn)量

  marginal product of 1abour :勞動的邊際產(chǎn)量

  marginal productivity :邊際生產(chǎn)率

  marginal rate of substitution :邊替代率

  marginal rate of transformation 邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率

  marginal returns :邊際回報(bào)

  marginal revenue :邊際收益

  marginal revenue product :邊際收益產(chǎn)品

  marginal revolution :邊際革命

  marginal social benefit :社會邊際收益

 marginal social cost :社會邊際成本

  marginal utility :邊際效用

  marginal value products :邊際價(jià)值產(chǎn)品

  market :市場

  market clearance :市場結(jié)清,市場洗清

  market demand :市場需求

  market economy :市場經(jīng)濟(jì)

  market equilibrium :市場均衡

  market failure :市場失敗

  market mechanism :市場機(jī)制

  market structure :市場結(jié)構(gòu)

  market separation :市場分割

  market regulation :市場調(diào)節(jié)

  market share :市場份額

  markup pricing :加減定價(jià)法

  Marshallian demand function :馬歇爾需求函數(shù)

  maximization :極大化

  microeconomics :微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

  minimum wage :最低工資

  misallocation of resources :資源誤置

  mixed economy :混合經(jīng)濟(jì)

 model :模型

  money :貨幣

  monopolistic competition :壟斷競爭

  monopolistic exploitation :壟斷剝削

  monopoly :壟斷,賣方壟斷

  monopoly equilibrium :壟斷均衡

  monopoly pricing :壟斷定價(jià)

  monopoly regulation :壟斷調(diào)控

  monopoly rents :壟斷租金

  monopsony :買方壟斷

 ? N

  Nash equilibrium :納什均衡

  Natural monopoly :自然壟斷

  Natural resources :自然資源

  Necessary condition :必要條件

  necessities :必需品

  net demand :凈需求

  nonconvex preference :非凸性偏好

  nonconvexity :非凸性

  nonexclusion :非排斥性

  nonlinear pricing :非線性定價(jià)

  nonrivalry :非對抗性

  nonprice competition :非價(jià)格競爭

  nonsatiation :非飽和性

  non--zero—sum game :非零和對策

  normal goods :正常品

  normal profit :正常利潤

  normative economics :規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

 ? O

  objective function :目標(biāo)函數(shù)

  oligopoly :寡頭壟斷

  oligopoly market :寡頭市場

  oligopoly model :寡頭模型

  opportunity cost :機(jī)會成本

  optimal choice :最佳選擇

  optimal consumption bundle :消費(fèi)束

  perfect elasticity :完全有彈性

  optimal resource allocation :最佳資源配置

  optimal scale :最佳規(guī)模

  optimal solution :最優(yōu)解

  optimization :優(yōu)化

  ordering of optimization(social) preference :(社會)偏好排序

  ordinal utility :序數(shù)效用

  ordinary goods :一般品

  output :產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)出

  output elasticity :產(chǎn)出彈性

  output maximization 產(chǎn)出極大化

 ? P

  parameter :參數(shù)

  Pareto criterion :帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

  Pareto efficiency :帕累托效率

  Pareto improvement :帕累托改進(jìn)

  Pareto optimality :帕累托優(yōu)化

  Pareto set :帕累托集

  partial derivative :偏導(dǎo)數(shù)

  partial equilibrium :局部均衡

  patent :專利

  pay off matrix :收益矩陣、支付矩陣

  perceived demand curve :感覺到的需求曲線

  perfect competition :完全競爭

  perfect complement :完全互補(bǔ)品

  perfect monopoly :完全壟斷

  perfect price discrimination :完全價(jià)格歧視

  perfect substitution :完全替代品

  perfect inelasticity :完全無彈性

  perfectly elastic :完全有彈性

  perfectly inelastic :完全無彈性

  plant size :工廠規(guī)模

  point elasticity :點(diǎn)彈性

 post Hoc Fallacy :后此謬誤

  prediction :預(yù)測

  preference :偏好

  preference relation :偏好關(guān)系

  present value :現(xiàn)值

  price :價(jià)格

  price adjustment model :價(jià)格調(diào)整模型

  price ceiling :最高限價(jià)

  price consumption curve :價(jià)格費(fèi)曲線

  price control :價(jià)格管制

  price difference :價(jià)格差別

  price discrimination :價(jià)格歧視

  price elasticity of demand :需求價(jià)格彈性

  price elasticity of supply :供給價(jià)格彈性

  price floor :最低限價(jià)

  price maker :價(jià)格制定者

  price rigidity :價(jià)格剛性

  price seeker :價(jià)格搜求者

 price taker :價(jià)格接受者

  price tax :從價(jià)稅

  private benefit :私人收益

  principal—agent issues :委托--代理問題

  private cost :私人成本

  private goods :私人用品

  private property :私人財(cái)產(chǎn)

  producer equilibrium :生產(chǎn)者均衡

  producer theory :生產(chǎn)者理論

  product :產(chǎn)品

  product transformation curve :產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線

  product differentiation :產(chǎn)品差異

  product group :產(chǎn)品集團(tuán)

  production :生產(chǎn)

  production contract curve :生產(chǎn)契約曲線

  production efficiency :生產(chǎn)效率

  production function :生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

  production possibility curve :生產(chǎn)可能性曲線

  productivity :生產(chǎn)率

  productivity of capital :資本生產(chǎn)率

  productivity of labor :勞動生產(chǎn)率

 profit :利潤

  profit function :利潤函數(shù)

  profit maximization :利潤極大化

  property rights :產(chǎn)權(quán)

  property rights economics :產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

  proposition :定理

  proportional demand curve :成比例的需求曲線

  public benefits :公共收益

  public choice :公共選擇

  public goods :公共商品

  pure competition :純粹競爭

  rivalry :對抗性、競爭

  pure exchange :純交換

  pure monopoly :純粹壟斷

 ? Q

  quantity—adjustment model :數(shù)量調(diào)整模型

  quantity tax :從量稅

  quasi—rent :準(zhǔn)租金

 ? R

  rate of product transformation :產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換率

  rationality :理性

  reaction function :反應(yīng)函數(shù)

  regulation :調(diào)節(jié),調(diào)控

  relative price 相對價(jià)格

  rent :租金

  rent control :規(guī)模報(bào)酬

  rent seeking :尋租

  rent seeking economics :尋租經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

  resource :資源

  resource allocation :資源配置

  returns :報(bào)酬、回報(bào)

  returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬

  revealed preference :顯示性偏好

  revenue :收益

  revenue curve :收益曲線

  revenue function :收益函數(shù)

  revenue maximization :收益極大化

  ridge line :脊線

  risk :風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

 ? S

 satiation :飽和,滿足

  saving :儲蓄

  scarcity :稀缺性

  law of scarcity :稀缺法則

  second—degree price discrimination :二級價(jià)格歧視

  second derivative :--階導(dǎo)數(shù)

  second—order condition :二階條件

  service :勞務(wù)

  set :集

  shadow prices :影子價(jià)格

  short—run :短期

  short—run cost curve :短期成本曲線

  short—run equilibrium :短期均衡

  short—run supply curve :短期供給曲線

  shut down decision :關(guān)閉決策

  shortage 短缺

  shut down point :關(guān)閉點(diǎn)

  single price monopoly :單一定價(jià)壟斷

  slope :斜率

  social benefit :社會收益

  social cost :社會成本

  social indifference curve :社會無差異曲線

  social preference :社會偏好

  social security :社會保障

  social welfare function :社會福利函數(shù)

  socialism :社會主義

  solution :解

  space :空間

  stability :穩(wěn)定性

  stable equilibrium :穩(wěn)定的均衡

  Stackelberg model :斯塔克爾貝格模型

  static analysis :靜態(tài)分析

  stock :存量

  stock market :股票市場

  strategy :策略

  subsidy :津貼

  substitutes :替代品

  substitution effect :替代效應(yīng)

  substitution parameter :替代參數(shù)

  sufficient condition :充分條件

  supply :供給

  supply curve :供給曲線

  supply function :供給函數(shù)

  supply schedule :供給表

  Sweezy model :斯威齊模型

  symmetry :對稱性

  symmetry of information :信息對稱

 ? T

  tangency :相切

  taste :興致

  technical efficiency :技術(shù)效率

  technological constraints ;技術(shù)約束

  technological progress :技術(shù)進(jìn)步

  technology :技術(shù)

  third—degree price discrimination :第三級價(jià)格歧視

  total cost :總成本

  total effect :總效應(yīng)

  total expenditure :總支出

  total fixed cost :總固定成本

  total product :總產(chǎn)量

  total revenue :總收益

  total utility :總效用

  total variable cost :總可變成本

  traditional economy :傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)

  transitivity :傳遞性

  transaction cost :交易費(fèi)用

 ? U

 uncertainty :不確定性

  uniqueness :唯一性

  unit elasticity :單位彈性

  unstable equilibrium :不穩(wěn)定均衡

  utility :效用

  utility function :效用函數(shù)

  utility index :效用指數(shù)

  utility maximization :效用極大化

  utility possibility curve :效用可能性曲線

  utility possibility frontier :效用可能性前沿

 ? V

  value :價(jià)值

  value judge :價(jià)值判斷

  value of marginal product :邊際產(chǎn)量價(jià)值

  variable cost :可變成本

  variable input :可變投入

  variables :變量

  vector :向量

  visible hand :看得見的手

  vulgur economics :庸俗經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

 ? W

  wage :工資

  wage rate :工資率

  Walras general equilibrium :瓦爾拉斯總體均衡

  Walras"s law :瓦爾拉斯法則

  Wants :需要

  Welfare criterion :福利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

  Welfare economics :福利經(jīng)學(xué)

  Welfare loss triangle :福利損失三角形

  welfare maximization :福利極大化

 ? Z

  zero cost :零成本

  zero elasticity :零彈性

  zero homogeneity :零階齊次性

  zero economic profit :零利潤

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