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論農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織與村委會(huì)法律關(guān)系的完善

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-06-25 來源: 散文精選 點(diǎn)擊:


  摘要:農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織與村民委員會(huì)既有密切關(guān)聯(lián)性,又有很大差異,兩者的法律關(guān)系應(yīng)予完善。制定農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織法律和行政法規(guī),與《村民委員會(huì)組織法》《土地承包法》相適應(yīng)。確立農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織市場化原則,將農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織定位于企業(yè)法人。確立資源性資產(chǎn)與經(jīng)營性資產(chǎn)相分離原則,避免土地流失。統(tǒng)一村民和農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員的認(rèn)證制度,建立居住登記積分制度,以及履行法律法規(guī)和組織章程義務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制度。
  關(guān)鍵詞:農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織;村民委員會(huì);法律關(guān)系;建議
  中圖分類號(hào):F323.211 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
  文章編號(hào):1005-913X(2017)06-0046-04
  Abstract: The rural collective economic organizations and villagers ’committees are closely associated with each other, but also have great differences. The legal relationship between them should be perfected. First, the laws and administrative regulations of rural collective economic organizations should be made, which to adapt with Organic Law of the Villagers ’Committees of the People’s Republic of China and Organic Law of the Villagers Committees of the People"s Republic of China. Second, market principle of rural collective economic organization should be established, and rural collective economic organization should be located at enterprise legal person. Third, establishing the principle of separation of resource assets and operating assets to avoid the loss of land. Fourth, the union certification system of villagers and members of rural collective economic organizations should be made, which includes the registration system of residents and standard system of complying with duty of laws and regulations and the constitution of rural collective economic organization.
  Key words: Rural collective economic organization, villagers’ committee, legal relationship, suggestion
  隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程加速,農(nóng)村同時(shí)發(fā)生巨大變化,農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織與村民委員會(huì)之間的法律地位,存在說不清道不明的尷尬關(guān)系,對(duì)產(chǎn)權(quán)界定和經(jīng)濟(jì)有序發(fā)展有大影響。因此,從法律角度分清兩者界限極為重要。
  一、村民委員會(huì)和農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的聯(lián)系
 。ㄒ唬└拍罴霸O(shè)立
  《中華人民共和國村民委員會(huì)組織法》第二條規(guī)定村民委員會(huì)概念,指“村民自我管理、自我教育、自我服務(wù)的基層群眾性自治組織”,職能是“治理本村的公共事務(wù)和公益事業(yè),調(diào)解民間糾紛,協(xié)助維護(hù)社會(huì)治安,向人民政府反映村民的意見、要求和提出建議”。
  農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織是指由農(nóng)民自愿互助合作,投入各自所有的土地、大中型農(nóng)具、耕畜等生產(chǎn)資料,經(jīng)過改革發(fā)展形成的以土地集體所有為本質(zhì)特征的區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體。如《廣東省農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織管理規(guī)定》第三條規(guī)定,農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織“是指原人民公社、生產(chǎn)大隊(duì)、生產(chǎn)隊(duì)建制經(jīng)過改革、改造、改組形成的合作經(jīng)濟(jì)組織,包括經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)合總社、經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)合社、經(jīng)濟(jì)合作社和股份合作經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)合總社、股份合作經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)合社、股份合作經(jīng)濟(jì)社等。”
  從實(shí)際情況來看,大多數(shù)農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織與村民小組或村民委員會(huì)是同一機(jī)構(gòu),即兩枚印章一套機(jī)構(gòu)。二者決策機(jī)制相似,實(shí)踐中職能相互重疊,特別是對(duì)農(nóng)村基層社會(huì)的管理與服務(wù),二者無法截然分開,具有“政社合一性”。有論點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織是重合于村民委員會(huì)的自治組織。[1]
  從設(shè)立方面而言,村民委員會(huì)由定居在一定地域的村民組成。在此基礎(chǔ)上,依歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)看,建立農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的主體可以是鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村民委員會(huì)和村民小組。但由于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)是行政機(jī)關(guān),根據(jù)經(jīng)政分離原則,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)設(shè)立的農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織較少。農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織主要由村民委員會(huì)建立,也有部分由村民小組建立。因此,一個(gè)村民委員會(huì)可以設(shè)立一個(gè)農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織,也可以包括由村民小組設(shè)立的相應(yīng)的幾個(gè)農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織。同時(shí),農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員本身是村民,但是并非所有村民都是農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員。目前現(xiàn)狀表明,已經(jīng)改為股份制的農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織,除了成員擁有個(gè)人股份外,村民委員會(huì)擁有集體股份。[2]如珠江三角洲農(nóng)村基本都是如此情形,農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的成員既有個(gè)體成員,還有組織成員。
 。ǘ┕餐卣
  1.集體性

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:集體經(jīng)濟(jì) 村委會(huì) 完善 農(nóng)村 關(guān)系

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