新疆烏魯木齊頭屯河礦區(qū)煤層氣井鉆探施工技術探討
發(fā)布時間:2018-06-25 來源: 散文精選 點擊:
摘要:新疆烏魯木齊頭屯河地區(qū)地層較為破碎、地層裂隙發(fā)育比較嚴重,而且煤層氣井煤儲層埋藏淺、煤層壓力低和煤層保護難度大,這些對煤層氣井的鉆探提出了更高的技術要求。針對目前頭屯河地區(qū)鉆探施工存在的問題和難點,通過井壁穩(wěn)定的力學分析方法提出井身結(jié)構(gòu)應選擇直井。依據(jù)空氣欠平衡鉆井技術與常規(guī)鉆井技術對煤層的污染和破壞程度,提出采用空氣欠平衡鉆井技術,采用低固相或無固相鉆井液。根據(jù)水泥漿頂替流態(tài)的計算方式,計算出水泥漿頂替應當采用塞流頂替。依據(jù)煤儲層的保護要求提出一種新的煤儲層保護方案,即使用繞煤層固井工具。
關鍵詞:煤層氣井;鉆探;直井;塞流頂替;繞煤層固井
Discussion on drilling technology of coal-bed methane well in Toutunhe mining area of Urumqi City, Xinjiang Province
ZHAO Tao, CAI Shunshan
The 216 group, China National Nuclear CorporationUrumqi City, Xinjiang Province830011
Abstract: The stratum is cracked and the formation cracks are serious in Toutunhe area of Urumqi City, Xinjiang Province. But the coal-bed methane wells are buried in shallow stratum. Because of low coal seam pressure and the big difficulty in coal seam protection, it requires higher technology on the drilling of coal-bed methane wells. Aiming at these problems and difficulties in drilling construction in Toutunhe area, it is proposed that the wellbore structure should be the vertical well through the mechanics analysis of borehole stability. Based on the pollution and damage degree caused by the air under-balanced drilling technique and the conventional drilling technique, the air under- balanced drilling technique is proposed and low solid or solid free drilling fluid should be used. According to the calculation method of cement slurry displacement fluid flow, the cement slurry displacement should be the plug flow displacement. According to the protection requirement of coal reservoir, there is a new coal reservoir protection scheme, which is accomplished by around the coal seam cementing tool.
Keywords: coal-bed methane well; drilling; vertical well; plug flow displacement; bypass coal-bed cementing
引言
煤層氣俗稱“瓦斯”,是一種非常規(guī)天然氣,以吸附或儲集的方式存在于煤層孔隙中[1]。我國煤氣資源儲量豐富,約36.8萬億立方米,居世界第三位。新疆煤層氣資源豐富,其中頭屯河地區(qū)鉆孔控制的0.3m以上的煤層22層,單層厚度在0.030m~22.22m,平均純煤總厚53.31m。然而,由于頭屯河地區(qū)地層較為破碎、地層裂隙發(fā)育比較嚴重,而且煤層氣井煤儲層埋藏淺、煤層壓力低和煤層保護難度大的特點對于煤層氣井的鉆探提出了更高的技術要求,對于煤層氣的勘探和開發(fā)提出了較大的考驗。由于我國煤層氣的利用和開發(fā)起步較晚,且我國煤層氣儲層特性較國外煤層氣有較大區(qū)別[2-4],因此在煤層氣井固井過程中存在著很多的問題和難點[5],對于新疆頭屯河地區(qū)的煤層氣開發(fā)來說也面臨著諸多問題。
目前,頭屯河地區(qū)煤層氣資源正處于調(diào)查評價階段,由于煤層具有特殊物性,煤層氣的開采一般都采用大型水力壓裂,因此煤層氣井的鉆探施工工藝將大大影響后期煤層氣的產(chǎn)量。所以,本文將針對目前頭屯河地區(qū)鉆探施工存在的問題和難點,提出井身結(jié)構(gòu)應選擇直井,采用空氣欠平衡鉆進技術,采用低固相或無固相鉆井液,水泥漿頂替應當
采用塞流頂替并提出一種新的煤儲層保護方案。本文希望通過對新疆頭屯河地區(qū)煤層氣井鉆探施工方案的探討,討論并優(yōu)化煤層氣井鉆探方案,希望能夠提高頭屯河地區(qū)煤層氣井施工質(zhì)量,為解決頭屯河地區(qū)煤層氣井鉆探施工時存在的技術難題提供有效途徑。
1.區(qū)域地質(zhì)概況
勘查區(qū)位于東南溝向斜的北翼,總體為一向西南傾斜的單斜構(gòu)造,傾角多在10°~85°,沿走向和傾向變化較大,沿走向自西向東由10°變化到85°左右,沿傾向由淺至深由20°變化到50°左右。勘查區(qū)構(gòu)造復雜程度屬中等類型,即“二類”?辈閰^(qū)內(nèi)出露的地層由老至新有中石炭統(tǒng)奇爾古斯套群(C2qr)、侏羅系下統(tǒng)三工河組、侏羅系中統(tǒng)西山窯組(J2x)、侏羅系中統(tǒng)頭屯河組(J2t)、和第四系(Q4)。
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