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(qing)l(shu)(li)?xi)đı҇?gu)ĶԪ`w

l(f)r(sh)g:2020-05-25 (li)Դ: ɢľx c(din)


һ(wn)}c


ֱɵ֮ԲͬČW(xu)е־@ЩҪͨ^(gu)(gu)ұ(sh)ʩF(xin)(sh)֮f(shu)ČW(xu)˂xôɵڬF(xin)(sh)֮б(f)\(yn)ڬF(xin)(sh)Пo(w)\(yn)õķ҂(jng)f(shu)ġ(sh)ϵķɡ(du)@ӵķ\(yn)ČW(xu)һه(li)˂x(dng)҂Մ𡶝hĪȷ䡷򡶴ĕr(sh)҂̶ܴՄ?w)vʷīI(xin)Մ?w)f(shu)Ƿ䌍(sh)Ҳf(shu)?c)?jng)ǷڽȻзɵʽʽcČW(xu)^(q)_(ki)(li)@ӵķɃHHֵ䡰sѽ(jng)ʧ?yn)ѽ?jng)ͨ^(gu)(gu)ұ(sh)ʩF(xin)(sh)֮ν@Щvʷϵķ̶ܴϳ˚vʷW(xu)҂Ă(g)dȤČW(xu)u(png)҂ČW(xu)Ʒ̶ܴه(li)ԼČW(xu)g(sh)dȤһʷW(xu)ґ(yng)(dng)ʷW(xu)LJ(yn)xϵķW(xu)W(xu)Ҍ(du)ɵĽڷɹͬw?yn)@һ(g)šI(y)ͬwʷҌ(du)@ЩʧˡķıĽ?zhun)c@(g)šI(y)ͬw@Û](mi)κP(gun)ϵĽʷW(xu)ߌW(xu)g(sh)猦(du)vʷ܌W(xu)đB(ti)ĽѭW(xu)g(sh)ͬwΑҎ(gu)tʷW(xu)ҵĽ˽˵飬҂ԌW(xu)g(sh)(dng)˽„(w)Ԓ෴ɽ(hu)M(jn)빫I(lng)?yn)鷨ɱڹЈ?zh)е

(dng)ɽϣ܌W(xu)/ČW(xu)ጌW(xu)Ы@`еĕr(sh)[](sh)Hϡʹ÷ɽጲһN˾(sh)`ʹõļˇһNձһԵⷨɷHm˾ķٺɎmW(xu)Һһ?yn)ጌW(xu)ՓZ(y)܌W(xu)ŴҎ(gu)ģM(jn)뵽y(tng)ķɽՓ@(sh)HϺԻ@ɷNڲ֪ͬR(sh)ϵVϺͲͬԒZ(y)gаl(f)չ(li)ķɽՓ[] ɽጺ܌W(xu)/ČW(xu)ጌW(xu)ĽጡּȤǸ֧ͬ܌W(xu)/ČW(xu)ጌW(xu)еՓL(fng)ַ֧ɽጵąsǷڬF(xin)(sh)Џ(qing)ƌ(sh)ʩę(qun)Y(ji)(gu)[]֮ɽc܌W(xu)/ČW(xu)ጌW(xu)ɞɷN֪R(sh)VϵϵĖ|ɽ˾(dng)չF(xin)ˇ?yn)ԡartificial reasonˇg(sh)܌W(xu)ጌW(xu)Ǟ˽Q^(du)ζόW(xu)(wn)}ò϶ġ(chng)Փ(li)f(shu)ɽጺ܌W(xu)/ČW(xu)ጌڃɂ(g)ͬĈ(chng)Ļ(dng)ǰ˾(chng)Ļ(dng)njW(xu)g(sh)(chng)Ļ(dng)߲ԻһՄ[]f(shu)܌W(xu)/ČW(xu)ጌW(xu)P(gun)עǞʲôҪнጴôɽP(gun)עν?zhun)f(shu)܌W(xu)/ČW(xu)ጌW(xu)ҲP(gun)ν?zhun)ôɽጱ󝓲һЩԵĆ?wn)}l(shu)ɽ?zhun)ʲôطɽጣ(zhun)@Nɽጷ(w)ʲôĿ@Nɽጳɞܵėlʲô[](du)@Щ(wn)}܌W(xu)/ČW(xu)ጌW(xu)o(w)o_Ĵ𰸻ߴ𰸿Р(zhng)h(du)ڷɽጁ(li)f(shu)@Щǻߑ(yng)(dng)Dz?yn)a(chn)(qun)Чķɽ?zhun)ȻLJ?gu)ҏ(qing)ԙC(j)P(gun)зЧĽ?zhun)ڇ?gu)ҙ(qun)\(yn)(ni)?zhun)ጱǞ˽QɆ(wn)}ʹ@NጳɞܗlǴЧ˾ƶ

(dng)҂?c)˾?chng)Ќ@Щ(wn)}M(jn)һ_ĕr(sh)ɽҲRyl(shu)(du)ɾЇ(gu)ҏ(qing)ƙ(qun)Ľ҂ĵһӳ϶ǷԺǷW(xu)?yn)鷨ǷԺ?qing)ƌ(sh)ʩɵęC(j)(gu)϶Ҫнጷɵšl(shu)(li)?xi)҂ĵһ(g)(yng)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)?yn)҂đ_Ҏ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(gu)ҹ(qun)ġš(qun)֮һǡ?xi)ʮߗlһ(xing)ôԺܲܽ?xi)أ](mi)_Ҏ(gu)@@Ȼһ(g)(wn)}


R߰l(f)ġ˾ӑՓ@(g)(wn)}ѽ(jng)_˳(li)f(shu)ҲǷôԺԽጷ(dng)ȻҲͿԽ?xi)@䌍(sh)ǡ˾Ļ˼·@NƶԺн?xi)ę?qun)[](du)@Nf(shu)҂Ǻ(jin)εخ(dng)W(xu)g(sh)(chng)пԡđO(sh)롱˽„(w)鷨ɹͬwᘌ(du)wľЇ(gu)ҏ(qing)ķɽô҂ĵһ(g)ӳǣ@Nf(shu)đ(j)߷(j)QԒf(shu)Ժ?xi)DzБϵ?j)Qһ(g)C(j)(gu)?xi)ɌW(xu)g(sh)(chng)еķW(xu)f(shu)(li)Q˾(chng)еđ(qing)(li)Ҏ(gu)?yn)?ጳɞܵėlǷW(xu)f(shu)Чđw˾ԒZ(y)ǡǡ?yn)@ɷN(chng)ą^(q)eʹጳɞܵƶԗlű顰˾Ķ`[]˾ij(do)䌍(sh)ҲR(sh)@(g)ϵKŹȡW(xu)g(sh)(chng)еĺԒZ(y)ՓCppر_(ki)˾(chng)P(gun)ҪđıԇDÌW(xu)g(sh)(chng)(li)ȡӰ푷Ɉ(chng)ɴˌ(do)ˡ˾ӑՓСȱ(chng)F(xin)[]


˾(chng)Ј(jin)Ժđጙ(qun)͛QܲȡرܑrB(nio)f(shu)W(xu)҂?c)Dͨ^(gu)ڌW(xu)g(sh)(chng)Ј(jin)Ժđጙ(qun)(li)֧˾(chng)Ժ(du)Ľ?zhun)Ҳ¸ҵ?du)(li)ԑı(zhn)˾(chng)Бጵ߉݋ؑ(yng)Ժ?xi)đ?j)(wn)}ѭ˾(chng)еķɽ߉݋ͨ^(gu)(du)ıļ(x)½ጁ(li)̽ӑ҇(gu)Ҏ(gu)đጺ`w


ĵڶֺ͵ӑՓ_Ҏ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ġ?xi)Ĵ_кxՌ(du)lĺ͑Y(ji)(gu)Ľ?zhun)xȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ǷNጙ(qun)һ(g)ԵČ(zhun)ٽጙ(qun)@Nጲͬxϵķɽ?zhun)^(du)(dng)ġһԵĽ?zhun)횏ČڑO(jin)鑗O(jin)ֶζM(jn)еᘌ(du)w(wn)}O(dng)ĽĵĵIJּ̽ӑxԺġЙ(qun)ĻxЙ(qun)Hζ(du)ɵĽጙ(qun)[ˌ(du)Ľጙ(qun)?yn)ڌ?du)ɷҎ(gu)M(jn)кϑԽጵĕr(sh)ȻA(y)O(sh)ˌ(du)(du)ĽҲȻF(xin)ڴڷ©߷ɛ_ͻġyĵĵ岿֏VAӑՓˡЙ(qun)[һ(xing)Ҫ(qun)x(qun)@(xing)(qun)Œ(sh)[Ժ`(qun)ӑՓĻA(ch)ĵĵ̽ӑˑд_ĶԪ`wȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`Ժ˾`鲻H(gu)໥a(b)ıP(gun)ϵγ໥M(jn)Ļ(dng)C(j)@N(chng)ıY(ji)ՓӑՓU@NɽጷƄ(dng)W(xu)о͑l(f)չеҪx


ጙ(qun)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ԵČ(zhun)ٙ(qun)


һ?xi)ȫ?gu)˴ί(hu)Č(zhun)ٙ(qun)


_Ҏ(gu)ȫ(gu)(hu)(w)ίT(hu)ʹ?xi)O(jin)Č(sh)ʩš(qun)ʮߗlһ(xing)҂ע⵽@(xing)(ni)ݳF(xin)ڑeķʽ_Ҏ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ġš(qun)ĵʮߗlǑxȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ĵһ(xing)š(qun)


x(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ġš(qun)ͬcx蹫Ļ(qun)ڷ(qun)ǷwڷҎ(gu)ķ(ni)A(y)Լ־µĿˌ(du)ڙ(qun)(dng)˼ȿҲɷŗš(qun)tLJ(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)l(f)]Ҏ(gu)šܺеš؟(z)x(w)f(shu)ġ(qun)ǿɷŗԒô(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)ġš(qun)^ܷŗҎ(gu)нY(ji)ę(qun)ʮl(du)һ(g)ϲg(d)̎ˁ(li)f(shu)Էŗ@N(qun)](mi)ˏ(qing)cκνMǑҎ(gu)˾Ќ˾C(j)P(gun)š(qun)һٶʮl(dng)񌢼mύ˾C(j)P(gun)ĕr(sh)(dng)?sh)ķ˾C(j)P(gun)횽o˾Дܷŗ@Nš؟(z)š(qun)һN(qun)\(yn)䌍(sh)ζijN؟(z)κx(w)


(du)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)(yng)š(qun)Ҏ(gu)Ǹ(j)@NC(j)(gu)|(zh)oͬęC(j)(gu)x˲ͬš(qun)@һNwą^(q)e(du)ζoijһ(g)C(j)(gu)Ҏ(gu)š(qun)DzD(zhun)׌ģܱć(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ȡnjҎ(gu)ć(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)Č(zhun)ԙ(qun)@ҲǷ֙(qun)W(xu)f(shu)Ļ⺭[]ڇ(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)Č(zhun)O(sh)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ĕr(sh)^SO(sh)õǸ(j)(gu)ʹͬ(qun)֮gIJͬڌ(zhun)I(y)ֹĻA(ch)(gu)еĸNwš(qun)ڽ(jng)^(gu)֮Щ|(zh)ͬš(qun)Ҏ(gu)܉@Nš(qun)ęC(j)(gu)֮ɴF(xin)(gu)ҵš(qun)ͨ|(zh)IJͬ֞(qun)(qun)˾(qun)ȵ[]@Щ(qun)|(zh)քe@Щͬ(li)͵ę(qun)Ҏ(gu)mԓ(li)(qun)ęC(j)(gu)֮


҂đ(qun)(gu)I(lng)(do)˵xe(qun)͌(du)C(j)(gu)ıO(jin)(qun)@ЩwF(xin)(gu)(qun)־ę(qun)xȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)(qun)xwF(xin)(gu)(qun)ę(qun)xˇ(gu)ϯb(gu)܊ę(qun)x(gu)܊ίT(hu)˾к͙z(qun)քexԺzԺȵ@Щ(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ڑҎ(gu)š(qun)_ķֹ?yn)֙?qun)ȾζڴM(jn)Чʶ(du)(gu)ҙ(qun)M(jn)Ќ(zhun)I(y)ֹ?xi)ę?qun)֮Ԛwȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)?yn)wF(xin)־ęC(j)(gu)һNչF(xin)(gu)־ęC(j)(gu)(gu)ҵĸ󷨌(du)ጱȻҪwF(xin)־ጙ(qun)ȻҲ͌ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)Ҏ(gu)?xi)ȫ?gu)˴ί(hu)ġš(qun)ôζ(dng)Ҫጵĕr(sh)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)@(xing)š؟(z)x(w)@(xing)š؟(z)һN(zhun)Եx(w)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)Ȳܾܲߑ(qing)ӵx(w)Ҳ܌xš(qun)D(zhun)׌oć(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)(li)


ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)đጙ(qun)һNԵš(qun)


M܌(du)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(li)f(shu)С?xi)O(jin)Č(sh)ʩһ(xing)wF(xin)־Č(zhun)š(qun)@Nڙ(qun)|(zh)ķֹDzζ(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)Ͳͨ^(gu)Ƽs@N(qun)ijN̶Ϸ@N(qun)҂R(sh)P(gun)ڇ(gu)š(qun)ķ֙(qun)W(xu)f(shu)һֱɷNͬ˼·һN˼·ǻڇ(gu)š(qun)Чʿ]ć(yn)֙(qun)W(xu)f(shu)Ҳf(shu)һ(g)C(j)P(gun)ַC(j)P(gun)ę(qun)@N֙(qun)˼҂ԷQ(chng)֮顰(yn)֙(qun)W(xu)f(shu)@N˼wF(xin)ڷ(gu)
һN֙(qun)˼ǻڻwĿ]ڷ֙(qun)ĻA(ch)M(jn)ƼsƽҲf(shu)һN(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)ę(qun)ܼsַ(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)ę(qun)@N(qun)@N֙(qun)˼҂ԷQ(chng)֮顰֙(qun)ƺW(xu)f(shu)@N˼wF(xin)(gu)[]^(gu)(du)҂еķ֙(qun)ƶȾDzȡˇ(yn)֙(qun)ģʽ߀Ƿ֙(qun)ƺģʽه(li)ijNW(xu)f(shu)ΌW(xu)f(shu)Ҫه(li)ıҎ(gu)


ȣ҂ע⑗Ќ(du)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)Ҏ(gu)ʽ҂đ(du)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)ȡ˃ɷNҎ(gu)ķʽ(c(din)̎xһ(y))һNʽDzȡ_ġeʽҎ(gu)Ҳf(shu)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)ͨ^(gu)_eķʽҎ(gu)(li)ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)š(qun)ʮl͵ʮߗl(gu)ϯš(qun)ڰʮl͵ڰʮһl(gu)(w)Ժš(qun)ڰʮŗl͵ط(hu)š(qun)ȡ@N_eķʽ
һNDzȡxʽҎ(gu)Ҳf(shu)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)ͨ^(gu)(du)@N(qun)ĶxҎ(gu)(li)܊ίT(hu)š(qun)ھʮlһԺš(qun)һٶʮlzԺš(qun)һٶʮŗl(du)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)֮ԲȡͬҎ(gu)ʽcͬ(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ę(qun)|(zh)P(gun)

һf(shu)(li)(du)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)֮Բȡ_eʽҎ(gu)?yn)@N(qun)s܌Ҿкܴďȡ@N_eʽҎ(gu)(li)(qun)(sh)Hζһ(g)Ҳf(shu)Щ](mi)н(jng)^(gu)_eę(qun)Ͳԓ(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)@(g)xMܑҎ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)ǡ߇(gu)ҙ(qun)C(j)P(gun)҂^(du)܌(qun)顰˲ܰ׃Ů˺ͰŮ׃֮Й(qun)[]ߙ(qun)DzƵĽ^(du)(qun)(qun)Ҳ^ǟo(w)ɑ_޶@(g)xρ(li)(du)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)ȡeʽҎ(gu)ζһNڙ(qun)@cǷNxʽҎ(gu)ܰĔU(ku)չڙ(qun)γ˽ȻČ(du)[]


҂߀M(jn)һע⑗Ҏ(gu)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)r(sh)ȡıʽ(du)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ę(qun)ȡԿ϶ķʽ_ec϶nj(du)ķ߉݋W(xu)](mi)з񶨵ľǿ϶ǣDzȡ϶ķʽ߀Ƿ񶨵ķʽ(li)_ϵҎ(gu)京xc@NǴ˼˵߉݋W(xu)sͬe(li)f(shu)Ҏ(gu)һзҎ(gu)͵طԷҎ(gu)ͬ|lڶô@(g)Ҏ(gu)Dzζ϶Ҏ(gu)f(shu)h߻߇(gu)ߣͿԺ͑|@Ȼ@N϶ͬκ˲ڽM(jn)Ɖ(hu)pwK(gu)ҽƶȵĻ(dng)ʮlҲQ顰κνMͿڽM(jn)Ɖ(hu)pwK(gu)ҽƶȵĻ(dng)Ҳf(shu)ȡ񶨵ķʽ(li)_ij(g)Ҏ(gu)ֻ܏ķ񶨵xQ܏Ŀ϶x(li)

ô(du)ڑϲȡ϶ķʽ_Ҏ(gu)DzҲHHζڿ϶xρ(li)ڷ񶨵xρ(li)ȷf(shu)Կ϶ķʽҎ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)đጙ(qun)DzζHH϶ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)@Nš(qun)ԺҲܾ@Nš(qun)Ȼ](mi)зԺБጙ(qun)ôDzζԺܾБጙ(qun)@NԒôDzζzԺҲܾБጙ(qun)ƶV֮Dzć(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ҲܾБጙ(qun)@Ȼ@N߉݋ϵ?yn)@N߉݋ϵ(hu)(do)(g)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)ֵĻyϵyڑҎ(gu)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)ĕr(sh)@N϶ԵҎ(gu)ʽHHζһN϶ͬr(sh)ζһN_ؿ϶ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)Бጙ(qun)ζć(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)@(xing)(qun)
϶ԺČЙ(qun)ͷ(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)д(xing)(qun)Ҳf(shu)еĿ϶Ҏ(gu)Ҫڷ񶨵xρ(li)[]


ıʽρ(li)_Կ϶ķʽeȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)?xi)ڃ?ni)š(qun)ôζһȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)e(qun)֮(qun)һҲ(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)Б_xȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)Щ(qun)Ҏ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)С?xi)ġš?qun)ǾζԷ񶨵ķʽҎ(gu)ć(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)](mi)@N?xi)š?qun)[ķʽԺкȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ͬĽ?xi)š?qun)ɴ˿(li)Ҏ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ġ?xi)š?qun)HһN(zhun)ٙ(qun)߀һNԵę(qun)

֮o(w)Փ(j)(gu)ҙ(qun)|(zh)ڷֹĻA(ch)ό(du)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)_֣(qun)Č(zhun)ԣ߀ǑҎ(gu)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)r(sh)õZ(y)ʽ[ę(qun)ԣ҂ƺԵó@ӵĽY(ji)ՓԺн?xi)š?qun)ڵó@NY(ji)Փĕr(sh)҂ҪС?yn)҂ڵóһ(g)ԽY(ji)Փ҂Qܺof(shu)Ժн?xi)š?qun)ՑҎ(gu)(du)@N\y(tng)ı_ՑҎ(gu)ԺБxȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ǷNጙ(qun)ôԺDzǾ@Nጙ(qun)֮(li)͵đጙ(qun)҂đDzҎ(gu)˃ɷNͬ(li)͵đ(du)@(g)(wn)}҂Ȳ܏һķW(xu)ԭóY(ji)Փ뮔(dng)Ȼ횻ص҂đı?yn)鑗?wn)}Ψһ𰸾[ڑı҂ͨ^(gu)ı(li)ʮߗlһ(xing)Ҏ(gu)ġ?xi)ĺxʲô


?xi)O(jin)(sh)ʩֶ


һጡ`^(q)


Ҫ⑗Ҏ(gu)ġ?xi)ĺxȱʲôǡጡҪע҂@^ġጡһ(g)ıеĸZ(y)ԌW(xu)܌W(xu)еĸˣܰͨZ(y)ԌW(xu)܌W(xu)ϵġጡ(li)횰Ցıxĺx(li)⡣


ıֻЃɂ(g)طF(xin)ˡጡȾ҂ӑՓġ?xi)ξǑʮߗl(xing)_xȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ę(qun)ጷɡš(qun)҂˼·Կ϶ķʽ_Ҏ(gu)ć(gu)š(qun)һNԵČ(zhun)ٙ(qun)ôζć(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)o(w)ՓC(j)P(gun)߀˾C(j)P(gun)ڲС?xi)š?qun)ͬr(sh)ҲͬӲСጷɡę(qun)@(g)xf(shu)⑗xȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)đጙ(qun)ͱ횱⑗xķɽጙ(qun)

շW(xu)ϵͨɽጰጡጺ˾?zhun)Ҫע@NጶһNһԽ?zhun)һN|(zh)Ľጡ[]@N(du)ɽጵǰսጷɵwC(j)P(gun)C(j)P(gun)C(j)P(gun)˾C(j)P(gun)M(jn)еķ(li)xȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ķɽጙ(qun)ͱеጡ_(sh)҂ĿǰķɽI(lng)Œ(sh)ϴͬć(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ڲͬķ(ni)M(jn)нጷɵŒ(sh)@NP(gun)ڷɽጵַ(sh)Hϲ^(gu)挍(sh)ӛ˷ɽጾwŒ(sh)

@һNP(gun)ڷɽጵČW(xu)f(shu)(sh)HϻһNɬF(xin)(sh)x(chng)F(xin)(sh)дڵŒ(sh)Ҏ(gu)(dng)挍(sh)Ҏ(gu)Ȼ@NɬF(xin)(sh)x(chng)o(w)_Ɍ(sh)Cx(qing){(dio)Ҏ(gu)x?yn)鷨ɬF(xin)(sh)xŒ(sh)ͬڡҎ(gu)ɾnj(du)ٌҪʲôA(y)y(c)@ǻķ˹@(g)(wn)}Ľ(jng)[]ڵġǡҎ(gu)ġ(qing)Ic(qun)ߵһӶҎ(gu)@NF(xin)(sh)x(chng)ǡǡ˷ɵҎ(gu)ԻA(ch)߽˷ɵҎ(gu)ԻA(ch)Ɍ(sh)CxҪڅ^(q)֡(qing)Ic(qun)ĻA(ch)ϣ_(g)Ҏ(gu)twϵҎ(gu)ԻA(ch)(dng)ԻA(ch)[]ֻЅ^(q)@NŒ(sh)ͬڡҎ(gu)ķɬF(xin)(sh)x(chng)Ҏ(gu)(dng)ԻA(ch)֮ϵķɌ(sh)Cx(chng)҂ⷨɽጵx


ڲȡ˷ɬF(xin)(sh)x(chng)҂?c)ڰշɽw(du)ɽM(jn)з(li)ĕr(sh)@NŒ(sh)ϴڵķɽጡcҎ(gu)ϴڵķɽጡHˣҌǰߵͬں?yn)ڵľ?gu)ġW(xu)ό(du)ɽጵ@Nw(li)Hζ҂ķɽŒ(sh)ϴ(g)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ጷɵĬF(xin)󣬶Ҽٶ@NጶһҎ(gu)xҲf(shu)ٶȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ጙ(qun)C(j)(gu)ጙ(qun)˾C(j)(gu)˾ጙ(qun)]@NጶһԵԽ?zhun)ôζ@(g)C(j)(gu)Ϸ?f)Եķɽጙ?qun)ôC(j)(gu)Էɽጙ(qun)˾C(j)(gu)Էɽጙ(qun)Ҏ(gu)ԻA(ch)҂đԵķɽጙ(qun)_eķʽȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ʮߗlĿ@N϶һڵԷɽጙ(qun)ô҂ķW(xu)Ͼ׃ֵľأ(li)W(xu)HHҪY(ji)(sh)`ҪP(gun)ע@N(sh)`Ҏ(gu)ԻA(ch)ڡ

o(w)Փ҂˾ѽ(jng)γ˷ɂy(tng)@Ny(tng)⵽Ҏ(gu)xߵu(png)?yn)đ߀ǏČW(xu)ϣf(shu)˾Й(qun)ͰԵķɽጙ(qun)·yԳ[]@ζ҂˾ጾȱҎ(gu)ԻA(ch)҂˾C(j)(gu)֮Œ(sh)ϓԵķɽጙ(qun)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ڙ(qun)1981ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)19Ε(hu)hͨ^(gu)P(gun)ڼӏ(qing)ɽጹěQhȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(j)O(sh)(hu)xƵ΄(sh)Ҫͨ^(gu)ʽȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)еķɽጙ(qun)oЙC(j)P(gun)C(j)P(gun)͵ط˴͵طɴ˴_ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)wĸ(g)C(j)P(gun)ֹϵķɽw[]@(g)xϣC(j)P(gun)˾C(j)P(gun)еԽጙ(qun)҂^ጺ˾?zhun)Œ?sh)ρ(li)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ڙ(qun)˲žҎ(gu)ԻA(ch)@Nڙ(qun)DzǾБϵ(j)Ǯ(dng)Ȼһ(g)(wn)}҂ҲՓ[]


䌍(sh)1979ġԺM_xԺԵ˾ጙ(qun)[]2000ġHHҎ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)зɽጙ(qun)@ζM҂ѽ(jng)_ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)wĸC(j)P(gun)ֹϵķɽwǣֻȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ķɽጲŌڡT(mn)ጺ˾mȻڌW(xu)Ͼ|(zh)ǷϣҲǷɵЧϣܮ(dng)(li)ˣጏā(li)Ͳc˾ጲ̎ͬһ(g)ЧλAϵķɽ?zhun)ǃɷN|(zh)ͬķɽጡȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ጁ(li)ԑڙ(qun)C(j)P(gun)ጺ˾C(j)P(gun)˾ጲǁ(li)ԑϵڙ(qun)ǁ(li)ȫ(gu)˴˴ί(hu)ķڙ(qun)ˣ^ġጡǑf(shu)ġጷɡҲǡf(shu)ġ[]ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(gu)C(j)(gu)M(jn)(dng)һ@ζȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)Hƶɡę(qun)ͨ^(gu)ጷɡˑxȫ(gu)(hu)ƶɡę(qun)


?xi)ͬڡጷɡ?/p>


f(shu)xȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ጷɡš(qun)һN(qun)Ҳf(shu)ᘌ(du)w\(yn)áĽ?zhun)һNԵ(dng)ôDzζ҂ڱՑʮߗl(xing)ġጷɡĺx(li)⑗ڵʮߗlһ(xing)ġ?xi)QԒf(shu)xȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ጷɡš(qun)ζȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)xM(jn)нጷôxȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)?xi)š?qun)Dz(yng)ζȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)x(dng)(du)M(jn)н(c(din)̎xһ(y))ȫ(gu)˴ίL(zhng)Ľ?xi)?qun)Dzζȫ(gu)(hu)޸đę(qun)MܿһNҎ(gu)Ļ顰^(gu)ɕr(sh)ڙ(qun)֮Ӌ(j)ޑ(qun)Ƒ(qun)[]


@Ȼ҂@ӵĽ?zhun)(yn)@ӵĽcĻԭìܵķf(shu)Ƒ(dng)ޑ(dng)һNx߽(gu)xġlegislatecC(j)P(gun)ڷxM(jn)Сƶɡlaw-making֮gȫͬăɕ(hu)[] ?yn)顰ƶɡęC(j)P(gun)еĺϷБṩģϵC(j)P(gun)܄(chung)ƑҲf(shu)ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)ڷϲ܄(chung)Ƒǣ҂ע⵽҂@ጵǾwđıһNđՓ(du)ڑՓ҂ȫڌW(xu)g(sh)(chng)нoͬ໥ìܵĽ?zhun)@NǡǡչF(xin)ˌW(xu)g(sh)(chng)е˼ǣ(du)ڑı҂횷˾(chng)Ё(li)⣬҂ͨ^(gu)(du)ıĽጁ(li)wF(xin)ߙ(qun)ˣ׌҂r(sh)á҂Xss˵đW(xu)f(shu)Sظ˹̹f(shu)ǘӣֻҪҪ롱۹҂đıǑW(xu)f(shu)ϡ


صıȻȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)š(qun)_Ҏ(gu)ˡጷɡ͡?xi)ʲô@N߉݋ϵ(li)҂@ӵ⣬(hu)a(chn)ʲôӵĺ


_Ҏ(gu)ȫ(gu)(hu)ĵһ(xing)š(qun)ǡ޸đʮlһ(xing)F(xin)?xi)ȫ?gu)˴ί(hu)|(zh)đጙ(qun)[]ô͕(hu)҂đгF(xin)˃ɂ(g)޸đęC(j)(gu)һ(g)ȫ(gu)(hu)һ(g)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(dng)ȻЌ޸ę(qun)ͨ^(gu)ʾĬʾķʽxɂ(g)ͬć(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ՓǿֻܵҪ@ɷN(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)đ֮g(hu)l(f)_ͻ߰l(f)_ͻБϵĽQ;҂đ(qun)(j)|(zh)rIJͬ_o͵ط(qun)C(j)P(gun)ߵطґ_Ҏ(gu)@Щͬ(qun)֮gl(f)_ͻĽQk[]ô҂?xi)鑗Ĭʾķʽ?gu)޸ę(qun)քeȫ(gu)˴(hu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)@ɂ(g)C(j)(gu)ô޸đϰl(f)_ͻDzǾБϵĽQ


Ҏ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ȫ(gu)(hu)ġO(sh)C(j)P(gun)O(sh)C(j)P(gun)ĺxָȫ(gu)˴ڕ(hu)hY(ji)صԭ(li)Ĺλo(w)ÿr(sh)ÿš(qun)?c)ڻصԼλĕr(sh)Լеš(qun)ίнoȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ҪڴԼš(qun)ȫ(gu)(hu)ġO(sh)C(j)P(gun)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)Ҳһ(g)C(j)P(gun)š(qun)óȫ(gu)(hu)(j)xę(qun)ޡ(dng)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)cȫ(gu)(hu)־ϵěQȫ(gu)(hu)Й(qun)׃߳N(xio)ȫ(gu)(hu)(w)ίT(hu)m(dng)?sh)ěQʮlʮһ(xing)ôζ(dng)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ͨ^(gu)?xi)޸ˑĕr(sh)(du)@N޸ַȫ(gu)(hu)޸đ(qun)ĕr(sh)ȫ(gu)(hu)ȫԸ׃߳N(xio)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(du)޸ġɴˑ(ni)һԡ


҂đ(du)ȫ(gu)(hu)޸đˌ(zhun)T(mn)؄eҎ(gu)޸ģȫ(gu)(hu)ȫw֮ϵĶ(sh)ͨ^(gu)ʮėlһf(shu)Ĭʾķʽxȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)޸đ(qun)ôζȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(du)޸IJҪؑP(gun)ڑ޸ĵČ(zhun)T(mn)l?yn)@(g)lֻᘌ(du)ȫ(gu)(hu)ᘌ(du)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ճґҎ(gu)ɺhȫ(gu)(hu)ȫw^(gu)딵(sh)ͨ^(gu)ʮėlڶҲf(shu)ȫ(gu)(hu)׃߳N(xio)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ͨ^(gu)?xi)޸đěQôҲHHҪȫ(gu)(hu)ȫwİ딵(sh)Ϳͨ^(gu)


ɴ˿Ҋ(jin)҂J(rn)鑗ʮߗlһ(xing)Ҏ(gu)ġ?xi)Ĭʾķʽ޸đĺxôζ҂(gu)ҵđ޸ijЃɗl໥ìܵҎ(gu)t޸ĿԲؑʮėl(du)޸đČ(zhun)T(mn)ʾҎ(gu)Ҳf(shu)(ni)ìܣʮėl@(g)P(gun)޸đʾҎ(gu)ڷǟo(w)Чĺ͛](mi)Ќ(sh)HxҪע⣬҂@ጵǑı(gu)(hu)֮ߙ(qun)(j)ġ󷨡(dng)҂ͨ^(gu)(du)lĽጶóĬʾ(ni)cʾ(ni)_ͻԒôǑʾ(ni)ݟo(w)Ч҂ጳ(li)Ĭʾ(ni)ݟo(w)Ч?yn)҂Ľጻ˾?chng)Бę(qun)ԣǻڌW(xu)g(sh)(chng)еġđO(sh)롱֮҂뮔(dng)Ȼ؏߉݋(li)ȵĽǶȁ(li)⡰?xi)ă?ni)ݡʮߗlһ(xing)ġ?xi)c(xing)ġጷɡǃɷNȫͬ


?xi)cO(jin)(sh)ʩ Mܑxȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)?xi)͡ጷɡš?qun)@ɷN(qun)ڲͬ߉݋Ӵρ(li)⡣ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)鷨ɵĽc鷨ɵƶ߱wYĽy(tng)һô鑗ĽȫБƶߣ޸ߣеwY@ӵԒxȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)?xi)š?qun)ζʲô҂߀Ҫм(x)طı


(du)Ľ?zhun)҂܃HHP(gun)đıе~ܺ(jin)ε؏ġጡһ~溬x(li)⡰ጷɡ͡?xi)⺭횈?jin)֌ıеĸڑY(ji)(gu)Ё(li)@ЩֻڑĽY(ji)(gu)ϲܫ@x?yn)@ġጡȲoϵĸҲ܌W(xu)ጌW(xu)еĸǑıеĸǷڑʮߗlһ(xing)͵(xing)еĸ(du)?xi)xԌ(du)ԓl鱳

҂עһ‘ʮߗlнY(ji)(gu)͕(hu)l(f)F(xin)(du)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ġ?xi)?qun)͡ጷə(qun)Ƿһ(g)lУǷڃɂ(g)ͬėl@(sh)H_ָ?xi)cጷɡͬӵ߉݋ρ(li)⣬t@(xing)š(qun)ȫԷһcጷɡͬ?xi)һ(g)(d)đlHHǑʮߗlһ(xing)ǰ@һlȫ?j)?ni)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)Й(qun)?xi)O(jin)Č(sh)ʩ?xi)͡O(jin)Č(sh)ʩǃ(xing)(d)ă(ni)ǣʲôёаѡ?xi)cO(jin)Č(sh)ʩһnj?xi)cጷɡһأ @Ȼѡ?xi)͡O(jin)Č(sh)ʩͬһ(g)lζ(du)?xi)һNơҲf(shu)?xi)ĺx횷ԓlЁ(li)⣬횷ڡO(jin)Č(sh)ʩı(li)f(shu)ጷɡȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)һô?xi)?sh)Hȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)O(jin)(sh)ʩһNֶɴˣҪȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ġ?xi)š?qun)ͱ⑗f(shu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)O(jin)(sh)ʩĺxʲôҪ⡰O(jin)(sh)ʩĺxͱ⡰(sh)ʩĺxɴˌ@Ԓ(g)ıĸY(ji)(gu)Ё(li)

ԵĽY(ji)βһ_Ҏ(gu)Էɵʽ_J(rn)Ї(gu)^ijɹҎ(gu)ˇ(gu)ҵĸƶȺ͸΄(w)LJ(gu)ҵĸߵķЧȫ(gu)һЇ(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)bh͸(hu)F(tun)wI(y)˜I(y)MԑĻ(dng)(zhn)tؓ(f)оSo(h)(yn)C(sh)ʩš؟(z)@ڑвȡʽһҎ(gu)ָĿ(bio)@Ȼ(g)ģ@C(sh)ʩܾгĵ؄exDZCеęC(j)P(gun)F(tun)w͂(g)˶(yn)ܑؑxę(qun)Бxš(qun)x(w)ˣ(sh)ʩHȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)š؟(z)(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)h(hu)F(tun)w(g)˵š؟(z)ôȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)O(jin)Č(sh)ʩDzζHҪO(jin)(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)(hu)F(tun)wǷ䌍(sh)ˑ߀ҪO(jin)(g)Dzˑx(w)(du)@(g)(wn)}҂ܺ(jin)ε؏߉݋M(jn)⣬߀⑗ĽY(ji)(gu)

ڑĘ(gu)ǻڹ񣨺͹Y(ji)ɵΈF(tun)w(hu)F(tun)wܙ(qun)x(w)c(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)֮gĻ(dng)C(j)ƽ(li)ģ[]Č(sh)ʩͨ^(gu)ߵԻ(dng)C(j)ɵC(sh)ʩDZC(qun)c(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)֮gԻ(dng)@N(dng)P(gun)ϵP(gun)Iμs(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ʹ(qun)^(gu)Ќ(du)(qun)ĄZֺɴˣP(gun)I(ni)cf(shu)nj(du)(qun)Ҏ(gu)f(shu)nj(du)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ֺ(qun)ƶԷ[]C(sh)ʩȻǑҪôڑľwƶбȻ˱C(sh)ʩęC(j)ƻƶȡ֪(du)(gu)ҙ(qun)M(jn)Є֡(du)ÿ(g)(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)ę(qun)M(jn)н綨ƵȵȶDZC(sh)ʩҪC(j)^(gu)ڷ֙(qun)IJͬģʽ@NC(sh)ʩęC(j)Ҳͬ(du)ڡ֙(qun)Ƽsƽ⡱ģʽ(li)f(shu)C(sh)ʩҪه(li)ͬ(gu)ҙ(qun)֮g໥Ƽsɴˌ(do)Œ(du)(qun)ıo(h)
(du)ڡ(yn)֙(qun)ģʽ(li)f(shu)Ҫه(li)xć(gu)ҙ(qun)C(j)P(gun)(du)ć(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)M(jn)бO(jin)҂đ(hu)Ƶć(yn)֙(qun)ģʽ֮C(sh)ʩه(li)(gu)ҙ(qun)C(j)P(gun)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)(sh)ʩO(jin)_Ҏ(gu)ȫ(gu)(hu)š(qun)֮һǡO(jin)Č(sh)ʩʮlڶ(xing)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)š(qun)֮һǡ?xi)O(jin)Č(sh)ʩҊ(jin)@^ġO(jin)Č(sh)ʩHHᘌ(du)(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)h(hu)F(tun)wᘌ(du)(g)

đ@(g)Y(ji)(gu)Աρ(li)⣬ôȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ʹ?xi)?qun)ʹጷə(qun)ǘӳɞһN(d)ʹĻ(dng)ǏČ(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ʹ(qun)һNԻ(dng)?yn)顰጑(xi)ĿǞ˱O(jin)Č(sh)ʩڱO(jin)(sh)ʩ^(gu)Уl(f)F(xin)ҪԽ](mi)O(jin)(du)(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)(hu)F(tun)wЄ(dng)ͲСO(jin)Є(dng)ijF(xin)ͬӣO(jin)(du)](mi)гF(xin)`ОôҲ͛](mi)н?xi)ıҪ?

(j)ʮl(du)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ڙ(qun)˴ί(hu)(du)(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)һȡɷNO(jin)һNǷɱO(jin)һNǹO(jin)[]ǰʹ`(qun)ͷɌ(qun)ʮߗlڰ(xing)͵ھ(xing)
nj(du)ճM(jn)бO(jin)ʮߗl(xing)ڹO(jin)УЃɷNrһN(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)(du)F(xin)磬ҪՈ(qng)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(du)oKĽ?zhun)[]һN(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ڹ(wn)}Ҫȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(du)(wn)}M(jn)гͽ[]


Й(qun)cጙ(qun)


f(shu)xȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)?xi)ę?qun)O(jin)(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)ֶεš(qun)@N(qun)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ԵČ(zhun)ٙ(qun)Ǿζκ(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)](mi)ͨ^(gu)?xi)?li)O(jin)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)š(qun)@DzǾζC(j)(gu)߹ķʽ(li)?xi)f(shu)DzǷ˹(g)ˌ(du)ȡһN԰l(f)Ľጺ(c(din)̎xһ(y))DzǷ˷W(xu)Ҍ(du)lČW(xu)أDzǷԺ˾(g)н?xi)@Ȼ@Nķʽxȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)đጙ(qun)ζԄ(dng)؄ZC(j)P(gun)͂(g)ķʽ?xi)ę?qun)/(qun)QԒf(shu)xȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)?xi)@(g)Ԍ(zhun)ٙ(qun)HHζ?xi)ķʽԵĺ͌?zhun)ٵġڴ˱회ጙ(qun)c?xi)ķʽ^(q)_(ki)(li)(g)Л](mi)вȡ԰l(f)ķʽ(li)?xi)ȡQڑǷoxՓə(qun)
W(xu)Л](mi)Й(qun)(du)J(rn)ČW(xu)ȡQڑDzDZo(h)W(xu)g(sh)ɻ˼
ԺǷڂ(g)н?xi)ҲͬȡQڑoԺڙ(qun)҂ĿǰҪԺđጙ(qun)ԣ҂ȻҪ(du)M(jn)м(x)µĽ


һЙ(qun)ζɽጙ(qun)


ǰǣ(du)Ժš(qun)ȡ˶xʽҎ(gu)Ժx(gu)ҵġЙC(j)P(gun)һٶʮl(d)ʹЙ(qun)һٶʮlôʲônjЙ(qun)f(shu)ġСʲôx@f(shu)ġСDzǰˡ?xi)Dzǰ҂Ŀǰͨеġ˾ጡأ?du)@Щ(wn)}҂횈(jin)(g)Ľԭt⡣

һ(g)ԭtͨеČW(xu)Сһ(g)oϵͨǷW(xu)еĺĸγ˾еČW(xu)f(shu)ˣ(du)@(g)ĽጱҪϷW(xu)P(gun)˾ЌW(xu)f(shu)ͨڶ(g)ԭtǷϷƶȵԭt?yn)҂?jin)ֵ˾(chng)еĽ߉݋@Nጱ횾зƶϵ(j)cF(xin)еķƶț](mi)Л_ͻ(g)ԭtcҎ(gu)_ͻԭtҲf(shu)o(w)ՓnjW(xu)ϵĽ?zhun)߀ƶϵĽ?zhun)cҎ(gu)ԭt_ͻ

ČW(xu)vоnj(du)շҎ(gu)t(du)wVДͲеĻ(dng)бȻˌ(du)Œ(sh)ČͲ(du)Ҏ(gu)tͽጺķҎ(gu)t(du)еČД@(g)^(gu)Ć(wn)}nj(du)Ҏ(gu)tĽ?zhun)@Nጻ(dng)ƶķcڌ^(gu)ጳ(li)ķɅ^(q)_(ki)(li)ɴ˘(gu)˷Ɍ(sh)CxW(xu)f(shu)ͷɬF(xin)(sh)xW(xu)f(shu)ĸ^(q)eጷɡͳɞ顰СеĺҪ?yn)錏л?dng)ДͲÛQ(j)Ƿٌ(du)Ҏ(gu)tͽ?zhun)(g)˾(dng)աጷɡչ_(ki)ġ[]ڽጷɵļˇڌ^(gu)еҪвű⌦(du)ˇ?yn)ԡ\(yn)ã[]ٲҪšI(y)Ӗ(xn)(li)B(yng)@Nˇ?yn)ˣЙ?qun)Ȼ˷ٌ(du)ɵĽጙ(qun)](mi)@ӵĽጙ(qun)л(dng)o(w)M(jn)@ӵⲻHwF(xin)VAСŒ(sh)(j)Էɞ(zhn)KķԭtwF(xin)ڡԺMеġm÷ɡ@(g)֮УHcٷľһµ[]cЌ(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)(qun)šM(jn)зԭtìܡ

(dng)Ȼ@f(shu)ġጷɡǡԺMڙ(qun)Ժġ˾ጙ(qun)ʮlǷڌл(dng)^(gu)Ќ(du)mõķM(jn)еͽf(shu)xԺČЙ(qun)ˌ(du)ɵĽጙ(qun)@Nɽጙ(qun)Dzǰˑጙ(qun)أR᰸l(f)ġ˾ӑՓһNеҊ(jin)J(rn)飺Й(qun)Hɽጙ(qun)Ҳ(du)Ľጙ(qun)?yn)鑗ҲǷɡȻ@N(j)ǑһNķW(xu)f(shu)һN(jin)εĸ߉݋ҲǷɡ[]


ČW(xu)vͨy(tng)Уڅ^(q)֡ɡ͡ɜYԴƶڌ^(gu)Ќ(x)T͌W(xu)f(shu)ȵȶ(dng)ɜYԴM(jn)к?zhun)Ķγ鷨ɵЛQɴγ(gu)˾y(tng)ǣ҂@ጵIJһ(g)W(xu)g(sh)һ(g)(du)Й(qun)횷Ϸɺ͑Ҏ(gu)҂đЌɡ(yn)޶ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)ƶķļУҲǷɡf(shu)҂đǸͲܳģ?yn)ÌW(xu)ϿԻġcɡĸ͵͵ȡˑχ(yn)綨ġɡ҂đϣɡֻȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)ƶҎ(gu)ļʮߗlڶ(xing)ˣͲǡɡ҂ķo(w)ՓVAԺMٷԼķā(li)](mi)Ҏ(gu)ԺԽ?xi)ԺзЧ˾?wn)_Ҏ(gu)ڌа^(gu)вԮ[]ҲȻՄϽ?xi)Ƿό?du)Й(qun)Ľ綨Dzˑό(du)Й(qun)ĶxأxġЙ(qun)Dzǰ˽?xi)?qun)


(du)@(g)(wn)}ƺ˳ĬȻ@ǑS(wn)}σHHṩһԵġԵԭtԵġY(ji)(gu)ԵĺͿԵҎ(gu)Еr(sh)ìܵҎ(gu)nj(du)κ(hu)ȫҎ(gu)Ҳܞе(hu)ṩ_Є(dng)Ҏ(gu)t?yn)Şÿһ?du)ṩ˽ጵĿgĶÿһ˵Č(du)(hu)ĸ߶ρ(li)ܳɞN^_(ki)ŵġ(sh)(yn)Խr(sh)׃(hu)ľ޴l(f)չȻrĻ[]Ҫǡ(dng)?sh)⑗⑗ı_(d)ʽ硶ՓZ(y)øԌ(xi)ɵD܌W(xu)Ì(du)Ԓ(xi)ɵģʥ(jng)ùŒ(xi)ɵtýY(ji)(gu)ԵZ(y)Ԍ(xi)ɵġҪIJHǾwĸBӸėlnj@ЩlBһĽY(ji)(gu)ֻЌ(du)ĽY(ji)(gu)ͱʽ˽҂⑗B

Ҫע҂đȡ˶xʽڙ(qun)ʽ(li)Ҏ(gu)Ժš(qun)@Nڙ(qun)ʽЄeڌ(du)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ȡeʽڙ(qun)ʽ@Nxʽڙ(qun)ʽ҂š(qun)ṩ˔U(ku)չĿg](mi)_ڙ(qun)Ժ?xi)ô?hu)(hu)[ķʽڙ(qun)Ժ?xi)أ?du)҂߀Ҫ⑗ķA(ch)


cɡʽķwϵ


Й(qun)ĻxͰጷə(qun)^(gu)@ġɡָf(shu)ġҎ(gu)طԷҎ(gu)Ηl͆Зlڶl@һ(g)(du)VĺxǑҎ(gu)ĪMx⡣ԺʹЙ(qun)ĕr(sh)Ȼ(hu)ܵ@ЩɡҎ(gu)͗lļs(wn)}ڼsٵ@NҎ(gu)twϵsyo(w)µҎ(gu)twϵ߀RһҎ(gu)twϵ(dng)ɡҎ(gu)lͬһ(g)(wn)}ϳF(xin)ĕr(sh)پ(yng)(dng)mһNҎ(gu)tأ


҂ķW(xu)ā(li)ѭġɡڡҎ(gu)Ҏ(gu)ڡҎ(gu)¡@ӵԭt@Щԭtٶ҂ķһ(g)ʽҎ(gu)twϵ@(g)wϵ픶˾Ǒ_ǡ(gu)ҵĸߵķЧԣһзҎ(gu)͵طԷҎ(gu)ͬ|lһɴ҂đW(xu)顰󷨡


(du)ʲôǡ󷨡ëɖ|(jng)o^(gu)һ(g)ܺõıJ(rn)鑗ǡĸķǡӷ҂@(g)͕(hu)l(f)F(xin)^ġĸӡP(gun)ϵf(shu)ĸHн^(du)ę(qun)ߵę(qun)?yn)҂ĻУĸHā(li)ߵę(qun)đߵķЧ͙(qun)Ƕȁ(li)f(shu)҂(yng)(dng)ё顰ҲSǡ(dng)ȻЇ(gu)ĵߣ[]ëɖ|áĸP(gun)ϵ(li)⑗ɵP(gun)ϵһԼ(d)صĿ]Œ(sh)ϣ҂ĻĸHmȻߙ(qun)DžsߵġԴȪӡɡĸH(li)ӷɡĸ(li)ġ@(g)xζҎ(gu)ta(chn)YԴγһ(g)wϵ?yn)ĸӷӷO(li)ӌOOo(w)FTҲɴγһ(g)ķɼĵȼ(j)wϵ(li)(j)ëɖ|(du)@N⣬҂Կ顰HߵЧзҎ(gu)twϵĽKOYԴκʽķҎ(gu)tKҪڑҵԼ(chung)ĜYԴ


M鑗ĵߣëɖ|^c(din)҂(zhn)_҂đǣ@ζëɖ|(g)˵^c(din)־Ǒ(chung)ߵı(li)Dëɖ|ܶ(li)СƽI(lng)(do)˂ļw־ҲǑ(chung)ߵı(li)DHHǑO(sh)Ӌ(j)(chung)ǡȫw񡱡MĂ(g)^c(din)҂⑗D(chung)ߵD䌍(sh)wF(xin)ڑı֮УI(lng)䂃һЩf(shu)HH҂õ⑗(chung)߂DṩЧľ҂?c)ڑıҲ?yng)ĸ(j)ôëɖ|f(shu)ԒHH(g)ˌ(du)ǑDǑĄ(chung)߂D


Œ(sh)ϣ҂?c)ڑıͿ԰l(f)F(xin)@NĸcӷP(gun)ϵ҂(du)M(jn)wϵ⣬͕(hu)l(f)F(xin)顰ĸQӷ_Ҏ(gu)_Ҏ(gu)ֻ@ЩҎ(gu)tǏđֱQģȫ(gu)˴ίT(hu)ƶɡʮl(xing)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ƶȫ(gu)(hu)ƶķɡʮߗlڶ(xing)(gu)(w)ԺƶҎ(gu)ڰʮŗlһ(xing)طƶطҎ(gu)һٗlһһʮlҎ(gu)^(q)ε؅^(q)Ηl͆Зlf(shu)Ҏ(gu)͵طԷҎ(gu)ǏđQģ[]ôĸNҎ(gu)lkʩȵȾǏ@ЩҎ(gu)ɺͻQģ[]߉݋f(shu)Kđ@(g)ĸQ(li)ġKһ(g)Էɾnj顰ĸ(li)ġӌOOķҎ(gu)twϵԡVķʽ_(li)Ҏ(gu)˽@(g)VѭĻY[]


ǻԭt҂˽ʽķwϵǸ(j)ij(g)W(xu)f(shu)(li)ģǸ(j)(li)ɡҎ(gu)͵طԷҎ(gu)nj(du)еһԭt̓(ni)ݼԾwnj(du)Ļ(qun)x(w)ľw@ЩҎ(gu)ă(ni)ݱڑ֮ҵ(j)Ҳܺ͑|ͬӣĸNҎ(gu)lȵȶnj(du)@ЩɺͷҎ(gu)Ҫ̓(ni)ݵľw֮gP(gun)ϵcɷҎ(gu)cP(gun)ϵһӵһNĸP(gun)ϵ@NĸP(gun)ϵڡļVQ(chng)֮顰λcλ(dng)ȻλcλLJ(yn)ķZ(y)ԣ䌍(sh)@(du)ɷͨ׵ĵǜ(zhn)_ǡĸcӷ@ӵġĸP(gun)ϵУ҂һԿѪҺѽ(jng)@ЩwķɺͷҎ(gu)֮һ棬@ЩwķɷҎ(gu)^(gu)(li)֞顰ĸѪҺx˻Ĺ](mi)БͲзɷҎ(gu)ͬӛ](mi)@ЩɷҎ(gu)Ҳͳ˛](mi)m(x)Ľ̗l


҂đͨ^(gu)(du)(qun)ķ_ˑҷֳɴγһ(g)ʽķwϵǡ̎ڽ픶ˣɞҎ(gu)ȵȵġԴ(c(din)̎xһ(y))[]ɴ˷ܳһ(g)Ҏ(gu)t(gu)ɵԵ[]QԒf(shu)҂ķW(xu)Փ͑H̎ڷɽwϵ픶ˣҎ(gu)˷ɽĸ߶߅߶ȵȵȣɴ˄@(g)(g)ɽΠͽY(ji)(gu)е(hu)ѽ(jng)@(g)(chung)ķҎ(gu)t֮УκΆ(wn)}(hu)(wn)}ڷҎ(gu)tKڑҵQ(wn)}ķ𰸡


ɽጵĺϑԭt[đጙ(qun) @(g)ķҎ(gu)twϵԺʹЙ(qun)Dzǰё顰ɜYԴf(shu)DzЛQ֮Ԯѽ(jng)׃òǺҪ?yn)@(g)Уѽ(jng)w˷Ҏ(gu)طԷҎ(gu)M(jn)һwNwҎ(gu)¡lkʩȵ@(g)xϣЙC(j)P(gun)ھwİmþwķҎ(gu)Ҏ(gu)tmÑ(dng)ȻmÑıеij(g)wlm(g)ԭtҪԺ(du)(g)ԭtmÌ(sh)HһN[ķʽmÑеľwl?yn)Ժ?du)ɡҎ(gu)͵طԷҎ(gu)@ЩӷM(jn)нጵĕr(sh)غϑ@(g)ԭtҲf(shu)Ժ(du)wT(mn)Ľጲ܌(do)²T(mn)c_ͻt@NጾͲԓT(mn)ҪһNe(cu)`Ľጡ@(sh)HǑxԺЙ(qun)ı(li)⺬Й(qun)Hˌ(du)ɵĽጙ(qun)M(jn)һҪԺķɽጱѭϑԽጡԭtԺ(du)Ҏ(gu)͵طԷҎ(gu)ϑĽ?zhun)@ЩɷҎ(gu)c_ͻ@^(gu)(li)ζٱՑԭtҎ(gu)(du)F(xin)еķɷҎ(gu)M(jn)нԺڌ(du)T(mn)ጵ^(gu)УDz]Ҫr(sh)r(sh)]ԼĽDzdzˑҎ(gu)

׌҂R߰SW(xu)ָǘӣR߰Ժȫo(w)Ԯġ(f)ȫաͨt͡M(jn)Ќ@°@NŒ(sh)ϼٶ܉mþwIJT(mn)͟o(w)?xi)(yn)@ЩT(mn)wF(xin)ˑҪă(ni)ݡĴ_ͨ͡tnj(du)(ni)ݵľwͨtynj(du)Ŀtę(qun)x(w)(ni)ݵľw@(g)xϣԺ˾йЌ(du)wIJT(mn)mnj(du)mãֻ^(gu)һN[ķʽmÑԺ[ķʽmÑԺБxČЙ(qun)ıȻY(ji)

@(g)xԺ˾ЛQDzԮlЌ(sh)|(zh)x@HHһ(g)g(sh)Ԇ(wn)}Ҳf(shu)һ(g)˾ĕ(sh)f(xi)ĸʽ(wn)}[]҂ȫеЛQ(sh)Ҏ(gu)@ӵĸʽ(j)ijijlԼ(yng)IJT(mn)ijijlЛQ¡@ӵԒҪҪԮ׃˾ĕ(sh)(xi)ʽ(wn)}@HHһ(g)g(sh)Ԇ(wn)}܉(j)T(mn)(li)QôԮ׃öһe?yn)錢һNʽķə(qun)Ԯ@ȻǑӆߵı⡣ɴ҂ʲôԺ(jng)ڡ(f)нֹԮҪԮ?yn)@N(du)ԮǏġЛQ(sh)͡ĕ(sh)ĽǶȁ(li)v[]@(g)xϣԺҪ_](mi)бҪp׷񶨡[]


˾ČW(xu)߲J(rn)ЛQ(sh)Ԯdz˾ĕ(sh)f(xi)ʽļg(sh)Կ]෴ҪQһ(g)(sh)|(zh)Ԇ(wn)}R߰һ(li)f(shu)@(g)(sh)|(zh)(wn)}ǣ΁(li)o(h)Rѽ(jng)ֺܵę(qun)@(g)(wn)}ڷϵP(gun)IڣRֺܵę(qun)ڽʽķҎ(gu)twϵ֮мԱҲf(shu)@Nֺܵę(qun)Ρg鷨Ҏ(gu)twϵоwķə(qun)@(g)r(sh)Ҫ]IJǑ(wn)}DzT(mn)(wn)}?yn)鑗ЃHHҎ(gu)ġ(qun)ߡ(qun)fundamental rightsڲT(mn)вnj@N(qun)w顰ə(qun)桱entitlements[]Ҏ(gu)ij(qun)D(zhun)߽ጞwġə(qun)桱ǷԺš؟(z)C(j)P(gun)š؟(z)C(j)P(gun)š؟(z)ڌе@Щԭtߙ(qun)(j)F(xin)(sh)κ(hu)rD(zhun)wġԌ(sh)F(xin)Բķə(qun)档Ĺnj@Щwķə(qun)mõwİĶһN[ķʽmõС

ͨrЧ،ԭt͙(qun)D(zhun)wIJT(mn)҂Ԍ^(gu)̿a(b)϶constitutional gapsġľw^(gu)̡T(mn)ɴ˿Աǡw˵đԺ(du)T(mn)múͽҲ[ķʽmúͽ?xi)f(shu)^(gu)C(j)P(gun)r(sh)ĬF(xin)(sh)r(du)һԾwôԺČ^(gu)̌(sh)|(zh)Ͼվwľwr(du)C(j)P(gun)w˵đM(jn)иwĂ(g)Ȼ?xi)@(g)(sh)|(zh)Ŀ(bio)˾ѽ(jng)(sh)F(xin)ˣôҪҪ˾ЛQ(sh)Ԯѽ(jng)Ҫ


1986߷Ժһ(g)(f)УHԮҡ(gu)(w)Ժίl(f)ָʾҎ(gu)h(hu)ͨ^(gu)Ͱl(f)ěQQhط(j)l(f)ěQҎ(gu)cɡҎ(gu)|kr(sh)?qng)?zh)УҪԺ؞؈(zh)иNɵҊ(jin)Լ(f)ȣ(yng)(dng)؞؈(zh)Ҳֱá[] (j)@(g)(f)ľ҂f(shu)ЛQ(sh)вԮЩɜYԴQQhҎ(gu)º(f)ȵȻ鷨Ҏ(gu)t(li)mãͬھw(g)мmã](mi)бҪԡֱáˣԺ@(g)(f)Œ(sh)Ϲ_(ki)һ(g)ܣԺԽ?xi)ҿmÑֻ^(gu)[ķʽM(jn)УҪ_(ki)P(yng)[]


ģy?xi)ǡԮ?/p>


M^(gu)nj(du)(ni)ݵľw^(gu)̲ܸFMȫ?j)?ni)ݡᘌ(du)ij(g)ضr(sh)ھwrƶǞmһ(g)L(zhng)Ěvʷr(sh)ڶᘌ(du)пܵĠrƶġô(dng)o(h)Ĺ(qun)߀](mi)оwھwIJT(mn)߀](mi)ͨ^(gu)wIJT(mn)(li)o(h)ĕr(sh)Ժֱܲԑ(j)M(jn)Ќأ@(sh)H漰Ժܲa(b)϶Ć(wn)}҂đд_ˡ˾(d)ԭta(b)϶ǑxԺšԺ܃HH?xi)ʹЙ?qun)@ӵĠ(zhng)hܘ(gu)ɷԺԾȝ(j)Ġ(zhng)h˲ܳɞ鷨Ժİ[]


T(mn)_ķʽ綨(qun)x(w)P(gun)ϵЩwԺڽጲT(mn)ĕr(sh)Ҳ[ķʽ?xi)@ӵİ҂ԷQ(chng)֮顰Ҏ(gu)Ժÿ̎İs@ЩҎ(gu)(du)@ЩٸҪֱӽ?xi)(yn)ѽ?jng)gӵؽˑ(dng)ij(g)w(zhng)hеę(qun)x(w)P(gun)ϵo(w)ڲT(mn)ҵ_ľwҎ(gu)r(sh)Ժ܆Ά(j)(du)Ľጶ@ӵİM@N(zhng)h漰ˑo(h)ę(qun)@ӵĠ(zhng)h](mi)оwIJT(mn)(j)ܳɞ˾ȝ(j)Č(du)˾ܾȝ(j)ġ˾(zhng)h҂ķԺÿ춼@ӵɾܽ^ġ˾(zhng)h@ɷNr˾^(gu)̵ijҎ(gu)r


ǣ˾^(gu)F(xin)һЩr@Nr£Ժ挦(du)Ġ(zhng)hڲT(mn)Ҏ(gu)@NҎ(gu)Ҳ_ղT(mn)(li)ܳF(xin)(j)ܽ^ṩȝ(j)ôԺ(sh)HτZˮ(dng)˵ijN(qun)ǑxĻ(qun)
еrҎ(gu)ijҎ(gu)cT(mn)ϵľwҎ(gu)֮g·@Nһ£ĶF(xin)òT(mn)(li)⑗߀Ñ(li)ⲿT(mn)y(du)ڷԺҲԾܽ^@Щ҂Q(chng)֮顰y̎ڡҎ(gu)͡Ƿɠ(zhng)h֮g^(gu)ɵ؎_(ki)ķ@Ӱͨ^(gu)Ҏ(gu)t֮ķԭtc֮(li)Ę(bio)(zhn)(li)֔(jn)ķلtԛ](mi)з_Ҏ(gu)ɶܽ^֮ԳF(xin)@Nr?yn)҂ķW(xu)߀ȱһ׽QyķW(xu)R߾ͿԿ@һ(g)y


R߰У˾˂o(w)ՓŒ(sh)Dzˣx蹫ܽ(qun)](mi)бȫЧؾw鲿T(mn)еľw(qun)[]RyһRֺܵcͨt(du)(qun)ıo(h)P(gun)@Ҳo(h)Rġܽ(qun)wҎ(gu)[](du)@ӵİ҂HHه(li)ͨto(qun)ıo(h)ôЌ(du)ԭܽ(qun)_Z͟o(w)ͨ^(gu)˾@ño(h)Ҫ(du)ԭܽ(qun)M(jn)бo(h)Ԓܵ;ʲôأ(du)ԺM(jn)һδđՓ(chung)һNQyķW(xu)Ժyr(sh)ԮT(mn)ͬr(sh)Ԯ(li)a(b)T(mn)IJԮ(li)U(ku)䌦(du)T(mn)Ҳf(shu)yһ(g)Ϊ(d)ķɜYԴ(li)ԮⲿT(mn)һNֶζF(xin)ّ(yng)(dng)ڡϑԽጡԭt½ጲT(mn)ĶcT(mn)֮gl֮gT(mn)l֮gЧĺϑԽጵѭh(hun)ԭt͗lĽጵwIJT(mn)֮Угԭt͙(qun)ጞ鲿T(mn)оwԲķə(qun)ͬr(sh)ҲͬF(xin)(sh)гF(xin)Ҫo(h)ę(qun)ͨ^(gu)䵽ĶSă(ni)U(ku)չ(du)ͷɵ⡣(du)ڷف(li)f(shu)@Ҫһ׸߳ķɽጼˇ(li)^(q)ÿһ(g)y؄e֮̎[]yĵĆ(wn)}Ԯ(qun)ν?xi)ͨ^(gu)?xi)?li)M(jn)һ_T(mn)ĺxĶͲT(mn)oܵؽY(ji)һ(li)o(h)(dng)˵ę(qun)ԺP(gun)R߰ġ(f)ҪxHڑҪͨ^(gu)@(g)ጁ(li)֙(qun)wϵ[]


ɴ˿Ҋ(jin)_(qun)x(w)P(gun)ϵҪⲿT(mn)ҪԺڌҎ(gu)r(sh)[đጙ(qun)ڡyЏص׹_(ki)ˡڴ鷨ə(qun)(li)Ԯ鷨ɽ^(gu)횿]ڷͷɽ?zhun)Ǻ?jin)ε鷨ɜYԴ(li)Ԯ[] @Nጙ(qun)dzⲿT(mn)Ҫڷc|rԺDzǿʹ`飬ɴˮa(chn)`Dzַȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`(qun)߀ҪM(jn)һ̽ӑ


x(qun)[`(qun)


ԺʹЙ(qun)_˷ɽጵĺϑԭtҲf(shu)ڳҎ(gu)УԺ(du)ɵĽጱ[ķʽˑ?yn)?du)ɵĽጱ횷ϑă(ni)ݣ
yԺ(du)ɵĽጱ횽܏a(b)ɱ©бҪ_(ki)،(du)M(jn)н?zhun)?dng)Ȼ@cwɽY(ji)һѭh(hun)?zhun)nj?du)M(jn)ІΪ(d)ጡ@ɷNrǰǷcҪһµ(c(din)̎xһ(y))ǣԺʹЙ(qun)^(gu)l(f)F(xin)mõķɷҎ(gu)c_ͻ@N_ͻ@Լڼʹͨ^(gu)ٌ(du)ɵĺϑԽȻôkԺȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)Ո(qng)`Ո(qng)߀ԺԼČЙ(qun)(li)̎ f(shu)Ժȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)`Ո(qng)ôҎ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)HH(du)طԷҎ(gu)Ҏ(gu)M(jn)`](mi)_Ҏ(gu)(du)M(jn)`飬@DzζԺʹЙ(qun)^(gu)̰l(f)F(xin)c_ͻr(sh)ȱһ(g)ϵĽQһƶõđȻ˽Qcě_ͻĶ(sh)(qun);Mеĕr(sh)@NQkܲǹ_(ki)Ҏ(gu)[ķʽxġ҂Ҫl(f)F(xin)@N[Ҏ(gu)Ķʹ@NҎ(gu)(gu)҂y(tng)һγɾБsđTڴ҂ҪС̽ԺܲԼČЙ(qun)(li)Qcě_ͻҲf(shu)xԺČЙ(qun)DzǾ`ă(ni)҂߀ÏĿ쑗xԺČЙ(qun)֡


һО顱`^(q)ܰcҎ(gu)t


1979ġԺMЌԺġЙ(qun)HH顰°°lȻʮS(hu)׃1989ͨ^(gu)ġVAԺČЙ(qun)M(jn)һU(ku)չУlͬڂy(tng)°°漰ˌ(du)ОČ醖(wn)}


ͨеW(xu)f(shu)(du)VAڌ(du)wО顱͡О顱ą^(q)֡һJ(rn)VAxԺ(du)wОM(jn)˾š(qun)lsֹ(du)ОM(jn)˾@NОF(xin)ƶձsҎ(gu)Ҏ(gu)µО飨ʮlڶ(xing)@ӵą^(q)ֿ^(gu)P(gun)עՓϵںˌ(du)ı_


ȣwОcО鲻ԽȻ_(ki)(li)?yn)wОѽ(jng)浽˳О飬(du)wОČ϶漰(du)О鱾ͽڌ(du)C(j)P(gun)غΣ˾C(j)P(gun)ڌ(du)Ҏ(gu)Ҏ(gu)@ЩОƶǺϺͷɵˣԺ(du)Ҏ(gu)Ҏ(gu)µĽጱѭϑԺͺϷԵĽԭt@ӵĽ^(gu)ѽ(jng)[ˌ(du)Ҏ(gu)Ҏ(gu)µ⡣@N^(gu)һ̶ϿԿnj(du)ОČ^(gu)MW(xu)P(gun)ڌ(du)wОČϷԌ顱cԌ顱Ġ(zhng)Փߵă(ni)P(gun)“(lin)ѽ(jng)wF(xin)ڏġ(dng)ɳ򡰌(sh)|(zh)(dng)ɳ򡱵Ȼ^(gu)֮С


(du)О˾醖(wn)}ձVAľwܰɴˌwVAҎ(gu)tcVA^(gu)wF(xin)(li)ķW(xu)һՄĶԾwVAҎ(gu)tȡVAķW(xu)?yn)ԺԌЩԺڌ^(gu)ѭӵġҎ(gu)tǃɂ(g)ȻͬĆ(wn)}@(g)(wn)}҂(du)VA͛Qܺ(jin)εزȡጵķ횲ȡY(ji)(gu)ጵķ?yn)҂ġVA^P(gun)Ҏ(gu)tĴsZߺ(jin)_һ(g)ƶнMднY(ji)(gu)ıVA^(gu)̵ķ߉݋VA֞ʮһÿһ¶Լ(d)⺬ÿһ¶y(tng)zԓЗlĵă(ni)ˣ(du)ÿ(g)lĽጱ횷@(g)lڵľw¹(ji)M(jn)


VAڶ¡ܰ_(sh)Ҏ(gu)ԺijЩԔ(x)eġwО顱ʮһl_Ҏ(gu)Ժ˻M(du)Ҏ(gu)Ҏ(gu)»C(j)P(gun)ƶl(f)ľձsěQVAʮlڶ(xing)Ҫע@HHҎ(gu)Ժֱᘌ(du)ОVAMijЩО܌(du)˝ڵΣǣֻҪ@ЩΣǝڵֻҪ@ЩΣ߀](mi)׃ֱӾwΣô񡢷˻M܃HH?yn)@ЩڵĿΣVAf(shu)MܡӑˆTDzkܞÿһ(g)ə(qun)(li)˝ڵΣHH˶ԺVAԺͿԸ(j)VAܽ^@ӵİֻԼȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(du)@ӵҎ(gu)M(jn)``顣[](j)ӑˆTDzk@(g)Оij(g)w(g)˵ɵľwО飬@@ȻԺVAֻܰ^(gu)ڌ@(g)wО^(gu)УDzҪ顶ӑˆTDzk@(g)ОĺϷԻϑѽ(jng)ڡVAеġܰҪҎ(gu)ă(ni)ݣVAСΌҎ(gu)ă(ni)


QԒf(shu)ԺwОİǷ܉?q)@ЩwО漰ijОM(jn)Ќ飬ڡVAڶ¡ܰҪҎ(gu)ă(ni)ڡVA¡ЛQҪҎ(gu)ă(ni)ݡֻЈ(jin)@NY(ji)(gu)ጵķVAĵڶ¡ܰ͵¡ЛQڽY(ji)(gu)ȥ_(ki)(li)҂ܿVAġܰҎ(gu)HHԾwОVԳОVɣf(shu)О鲻wОǘӳɞ骚(d)ܰԺֻwОĠ(zhng)hОĠ(zhng)h[]ھОĠ(zhng)hɞԺVA֮Ժڌ@(g)DzҪ(du)ОM(jn)Ќ飬@ڵ¡ЛQҪҎ(gu)ă(ni)cܰo(w)P(gun)ܰҎ(gu)ķҎ(gu)tܛQЛQѭČҎ(gu)ttVA͛](mi)б횇(yn)^(q)@ˡČ(du)VAĽY(ji)(gu)ጿԺǷԌ(du)ОM(jn)˾(yng)(dng)ѭ¡кЛQ_ԭtڶ¡ܰĽ?yn)ʲôӵĠ?zhng)h܉ɞԺԽoȝ(j)İcΌ@(g)ڷǃɂ(g)ȫͬĆ(wn)}ɴˡVAŌ@Щͬă(ni)ݷքeҎ(gu)ڲͬ¹(ji)


Ҏ(gu)x(qun)˾(qun)޶


VA¡ЛQ;wҎ(gu)ԺڌVAѭҎ(gu)tʮlһ_Ҏ(gu)


ԺՇ(gu)(w)Ժί(j)ɺ͇(gu)(w)ԺҎ(gu)Qƶl(f)Ҏ(gu)Լʡ΅^(q)ֱݠкʡ΅^(q)ڵصкͽ(jng)(gu)(w)Ժ(zhn)^е(j)ɺ͇(gu)(w)ԺҎ(gu)ƶl(f)Ҏ(gu)


(du)@һlă(ni)W(xu)вͬ⡣_횏ķll(f)ѷlDı_(d)(du)lͨ^(gu)ı(li)ߵD҂ȱ횿ߵԭ


VAȫ(gu)˴ƶġɡߑ(yng)(dng)ȫ(gu)˴ȫ(gu)񡣌(du)@һЩ锵(sh)Ļɴȫ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴(li)ݡ(j)@ӵķɶɌ(zhun)ҽMɵČ(zhun)T(mn)ίT(hu)(li)ݣڽ(jng)^(gu)(f)Ҋ(jin)ӑՓĻA(ch)γ˷ɲݰ҂ܰ@Щɵ߿ߣ?yn)ݵăHHһ(g)зЧġݰ(dng)@ӵIJݰȫ(gu)(hu)(li)Qͨ^(gu)ĕr(sh)򣬷ɵ߱회(du)ԓɲݰĿĺ;w(ni)һ(g)Ԕ(x)f(shu)ǷɷČ(zhun)ң(du)ԓɵⲻͬڷߌ(du)(du)ԓɵه(li)ߌ(du)ԓɵf(shu)@Nf(shu)܉f(shu)ôͶƱͨ^(gu)ԓt͕(hu)Qԓɵͨ^(gu)ˣȫ(gu)(hu)ό(du)ԓġf(shu)ζͨ^(gu)ԓɵĕr(sh)?q)@Nf(shu)һ̶ϾwF(xin)ԓɵD

1989ߌ˴Ε(hu)hhˡP(gun)<A񹲺͇(gu)VAݰ>f(shu)_ָ(du)ϷҎ(gu)Ҏ(gu)Ҏ(gu)£ԺҪՌ(du)ϻȫϷɡҎ(gu)ԭtҎ(gu)Ժ`̎ء@(g)f(shu)wF(xin)(li)ġVAԣԺġЙ(qun)_o(w)`ذˌ(du)Ҏ(gu)µġ`̎҂Ժ@N(du)Ҏ(gu)µġ`̎ԺġҎ(gu)x(qun)@N(qun)(g)⺬
һԺЙ(qun)շɺҎ(gu)(du)Ҏ(gu)M(jn)Ќ顣@NĿڴ_Ҏ(gu)±DzcɺҎ(gu)_ͻ@䌍(sh)W(xu)f(shu)˾(qun)


@NĽY(ji)ՓҎ(gu)cɺҎ(gu)֮g](mi)Л_ͻôԺҪ?qng)?zh)СW(xu)^(q)֡VAеġաcVAͨʹõġԷɞ(j)@(g)ϵą^(q)eաwF(xin)ԺmҎ(gu)µ^(gu)wF(xin)(li)ɶȣLJ(yn)?qng)?zh)

@NĽY(ji)ՓҎ(gu)cɺҎ(gu)֮g_ͻôԺ(du)@N`Ҏ(gu)¡Ϳԡ`̎(wn)}P(gun)Iڡ`ָ̎ʲôأm߀Dzm@ĺx@ȻDzmãmõԒͿԚw롰աă(ni)֮СȻmáʲô_v(li)Ҫá`̎@N`f(shu)أԭڱM@NҎ(gu)¡ڌ(sh)w`ǣ@NҎ(gu)ʽȻзɵЧȻ(du)Ժмs`̎ĿľҎ(gu)@NsԺڌ^(gu)пԲx@NҎ(gu)鷨(j)ĶҎ(gu)@NҎ(gu)µļs

ɴ˿Ҋ(jin)Ժ(du)Ҏ(gu)µ˾(qun)c҂W(xu)ġ˾顱judicial reviewܴľx˾顱P(gun)I``ķҎ(gu)tǟo(w)ЧҎ(gu)tзɵļsǣ҂@f(shu)˾(qun)(du)`Ҏ(gu)o(w)Чę(qun)HHǷԺԲȡҎ(gu)ܵķʽ(du)`ĵȻЧҎ(gu)²ȡmõę(qun)҂˾(qun)(sh)|(zh)һNҎ(gu)x(qun)ζԺڌЙ(qun)(du)Щ`Ҏ(gu)xmõę(qun)Ķʹ@NзЧҎ(gu)˾^(gu)Кwڟo(w)Ч@NҎ(gu)x(qun)M˾ǣ҂횳J(rn)@NһN޵˾[]


Й(qun)ˡx(qun)


(dng)Ҏ(gu)cɷҎ(gu)l(f)_ͻĕr(sh)f(shu)Ժͨ^(gu)(du)Ҏ(gu)µxmÁ(li)ʹ(du)Ҏ(gu)µ˾(qun)ô(c(din)̎xһ(y))(dng)ɷҎ(gu)c_ͻĕr(sh)ԺǷͨ^(gu)(du)ɷҎ(gu)xmÁ(li)ʹ(du)ɷҎ(gu)`(qun)أf(shu)ԺʹҎ(gu)x(qun)СVAϵ(j)ôԺʹx(qun)ķ(j)أڴ҂HҪP(gun)עlҪP(gun)עlķ

҂ӛס҂еķҎ(gu)t̎ڑy(tng)z֮µĽwϵ֮С@(g)wϵһϵСλcλĵȼ(j)P(gun)ϵ@Nȼ(j)P(gun)ϵɷă(ni)һλķЧڡλ߰l(f)_ͻλڷϾ͑(yng)(dng)ǟo(w)ЧģԺ(yng)(dng)ѭλ
λnj(du)λ(ni)ݵľwߛ](mi)аl(f)_ͻԒôλă(ni)ݾ͕(hu)nj(du)λ(ni)ݵM(jn)һU(ku)չ;w@Щ(ni)䌍(sh)ѽ(jng)[ڡλ֮ˣԺ͑(yng)(dng)ѭλ@˾Сⷨ(yu)һ㷨ԭtf(shu)̫(yng)֮›](mi)ʲôrġ҂?c)@(g)xϿf(shu)֮›](mi)ʲôҎ(gu)trġеķҎ(gu)t^(gu)nj(du)(ni)ݵM(jn)һw

VAҎ(gu)ԺҎ(gu)x(qun)ʲôrġ(ni)^(gu)nj(du)P(gun)ڡЙ(qun)ľwtȫ(gu)˴ͨ^(gu)xԺġҎ(gu)x(qun)䑗(j)ֺyȫ(gu)(hu)ԑ{Մ(chung)O(sh)һNϛ](mi)xę(qun)Ψһ_ǑxԺʹЙ(qun)r(sh)ѽ(jng)ٶЙ(qun)@NҎ(gu)x(qun)Й(qun)[˷ɽጙ(qun)һf(shu)Й(qun)ѽ(jng)@NҎ(gu)x(qun)ô@ڷϴڃɷNܵ⣺һЙ(qun)HHVAеҎ(gu)x(qun)ºVAЌ(du)ɷҎ(gu)x(qun)
Й(qun)Ҏ(gu)tx(qun)ֻ^(gu)VA@NҎ(gu)tx(qun)wF(xin)ڌ(du)Ҏ(gu)µx(qun)VAпܱF(xin)ڌ(du)ɷҎ(gu)x(qun)M@Nx(qun)߀](mi)ͨ^(gu)_(li)@ǃɷNڷ϶ܳ߉݋һ(g)_҂VT麞ʽـҪM(jn)һ

F(xin)ڵĆ(wn)}ڣ(dng)зЧķcl(f)_ͻĕr(sh)Ժôk^m(x)mþзɼss`ķ߀Ǻl(wi)(qun)mþмsķأ@(sh)HόԺy֮һ棬ºVAҪԺڌ^(gu)СԷɞ(zhn)Kһ棬ҪԺԑĻ(dng)(zhn)tؓ(f)оSo(h)(yn)C(sh)ʩš؟(z)ԣ@ɷNͬҪǰԺôkô(li)ʹԼġЙ(qun)ˈ(jin)֡`ķҲǷɡ@NɌ(sh)Cx˼·߈(jin)֡`ķɲǷɡȻ˼·Л](mi)пԱǴ˼˵ĵl·أ @(g)طVAչF(xin)Ҏ(gu)x(qun);xһl(wi)Ҏ(gu)λЧһҲҎ(gu)λЧ@(sh)HԺ(du)C(j)P(gun)@һN˼·HǽQҎ(gu)cҎ(gu)_ͻ˼·ǽQСλcλ_ͻ˼·ȻҲɞQɷҎ(gu)c_ͻ˼·VAҎ(gu)Ҏ(gu)x(qun)ͲֻVA^(gu)еę(qun)(yng)(dng)ԺQλcλ_ͻĻ(qun)@wF(xin)ԺġҎ(gu)tx(qun)ߡx(qun)@ǑoԺxġЙ(qun)ĻxҲf(shu)ֻҪҎ(gu)ԺʹЙ(qun)ô@NЙ(qun)H[ˡɽጙ(qun)[ˡx(qun)ڡλcλ_ͻr(sh)(yng)(dng)xmáλ@Nx(qun)VAб_ؾw顰Ҏ(gu)x(qun)xԺġЙ(qun)Л](mi)[@Nx(qun)ôHVAҎ(gu)ġҎ(gu)x(qun)ȱ(j)ґҪԺSo(h)(yn)C(sh)ʩҲɞԒŒ(sh)ϣһЧđɌ(sh)ʩԭtf(shu)xԺġЙ(qun)[˽Qλcλ_ͻġx(qun)ôȻ[`(qun)(du)`ķɻҎ(gu)M(jn)Ќ飬@N`ľw(ni)߀д҂M(jn)һ̽ӑ


Ԫ`w


f(shu)Ժзx(qun)ǾζԺҪ(du)ɷҎ(gu)ĺϑԆ(wn)}M(jn)ЌϑҪVAҎ(gu)?qng)?zh)ϑc|ô͑(yng)(dng)xmá҂Ժ@Nx(qun)ҲһN`ԒôԺ`(qun)(hu)(hu)ַˑxȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`(qun)أڴ҂Ҫđጙ(qun)(li)ɷNͬ`C(j)ơ


һ(dng)`


Ҫ؄eעȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)`(qun)͑ጙ(qun)ǃɷN(d)š(qun)֮g](mi)бȻ“(lin)ϵǰȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ġ?xi)?qun)(sh)Hʹ(du)ıO(jin)š(qun)һNеOO(jin)ᘌ(du)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)(du)xՈ(qng)M(jn)еĽһ(li)f(shu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ܷeO(dng)ؽ?xi)dz`Ҫ`(qun)MҲȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ʹ䑗O(jin)š(qun)ҪֶΡ@һNԷeOʹę(qun)(du)ˑЃɷNҎ(gu)

һȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ֱӡN(xio)(gu)(w)Ժƶͬ|Ҏ(gu)Qʮߗl(xing)
N(xio)ʡ΅^(q)ֱݠЇ(gu)ҙ(qun)C(j)P(gun)ƶͬɺҎ(gu)|ĵطԷҎ(gu)͛Qhʮߗlڰ(xing)@(sh)Hȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ηʹ`(qun)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)Ҳԟo(w)(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)@(xing)(qun)_(ki)Q@Щ`Ҏ(gu)ķЧ

ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)`(qun)ֻҎ(gu)ᘌ(du)Ҏ(gu)͡طԷҎ(gu)`醖(wn)}](mi)Ҏ(gu)ᘌ(du)ɡ`醖(wn)}֮ԛ](mi)Ҏ(gu)?yn)鑗ٶȫ?gu)˴䳣ί(hu)(hu)F(xin)`Ć(wn)}?yn)?du)ڡɡ`(wn)}ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)Ԇ(dng)һ(g)޸ij

_Ҏ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)޸ij(yng)(dng)ȫ(gu)(hu)ƶķɡʮߗlڶ(xing);ȫ(gu)(hu)](hu)g(du)ȫ(gu)(hu)ƶķM(jn)вa(b)޸ģDzͬԓɵĻԭt|ʮߗl(xing)ґ߀_Ҏ(gu)޸¡(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ĺĻɡȫ(gu)˴š(qun)ʮl(xing)ɴ˿Ҋ(jin)(du)ڷɵ`醖(wn)}Œ(sh)ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)(li)քeГ(dn)Mܑጙ(qun)HHȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)


o(w)Փnj(du)(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)ƶ`Ҏ(gu)ԡN(xio)߀nj(du)ԼC(j)P(gun)ƶķM(jn)С޸ġȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`(qun)Œ(sh)ϱF(xin)һN(dng)(du)Ҏ(gu)͵طԷҎ(gu)ԣ@ЩҎ(gu)ЧǸ(j)ƶC(j)P(gun)š(qun)a(chn)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(du)M(jn)`飬ζ(du)@ЩҎ(gu)ķЧM(jn)ЌֱӳN(xio)`ķҎ(gu)η䷨Чo(w)횫@ƶC(j)P(gun)ͬ⡣@wF(xin)ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)(qun)(qun)LJ(gu)ҵߙ(qun)C(j)P(gun)ڌ(sh)ʩ`麴l(wi)(yn)ߙ(qun)(du)ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)ƶķɵ`飬ֱҎ(gu)޸ķɵ(dng)^(gu)֮ˣ҂԰ёxȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`(qun)Q(chng)֮顰`顱@N`ֱᘌ(du)ɵһЧҪô񶨷ɵЧᘌ(du)Ҏ(gu)͵طԷҎ(gu)Ҫôֱ޸ķɣᘌ(du)ɡ


˾(g)е`


ڽ綨ˑxȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`(qun)ľw(ni)֮҂F(xin)ځ(li)쑗xԺġЙ(qun)[`(qun)һ@N`(qun)Dzcȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`(qun)_ͻ߲_ͻôC҂(du)Й(qun)_
_ͻôC҂(du)Й(qun)e(cu)`?yn)鑗?du)ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`(qun)Թ_(ki)ʽxģ(du)Ժ`(qun)ĬʾĻ[ķʽҎ(gu)(du)ĬʾҎ(gu)ⲻc_(ki)Ҏ(gu)_ͻ@ǑጵĻҎ(gu)t

Ժ`(qun)[䡰x(qun)֮УԺ`(qun)Óx䷨x(qun)ڣȻܵ˷x(qun)Ҏ(gu)(j)Ժxx(qun)ă(ni)ҪԺ`(qun)ȻF(xin)ƒɂ(g)
һԺ`(qun)ᘌ(du)wչ_(ki)ģwF(xin)ڡy@(g)xϣԺ`(qun)?xi)һǰڽķwϵɷҎ(gu)顰λc顰λđ֮gڛ_ͻô(j)ⷨ(yu)һ㷨ČԭtԺ@ЩҎ(gu)о͟o(w)Ԯ߽?xi)ȻҲͲ`Ć(wn)}yУT(mn)ϛ](mi)_Ҏ(gu)Ҏ(gu)ƺcһ@Nr£پҪ(du)T(mn)M(jn)Сϑ⡱@(g)^(gu)̱Ȼnj(du)ͽ^(gu)@(g)^(gu)УMٌܷ(du)wIJT(mn)Ŭġϑ⡱ȻܝM㑗Ҫôζ@(g)T(mn)cl(f)˛_ͻԺ(du)ɷҎ(gu)`һھwİᘌ(du)wę(qun)_ͻչ_(ki)ģ@N(du)wɺ͑Ҳһᘌ(du)w(g)dzһ⡣?yn)ͬһ(g)lĻ߷ɗlڲͬİпвͬ⣬ɴ׃һ(g)_(ki)ŵČ(sh)(yn)@һc(din)ϣԺ(du)Ľcȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(du)ĽጾijNᘌ(du)wĂ(g)Ľጡֻ^(gu)Ժ挦(du)VAȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)挦(du)¼(j)T(mn)ڹR(wn)}r(sh)Ո(qng)ʾ

Ժ`(qun)ه(li)(g)еđ?zhun)ô`ЧҲHH@(g)w](mi)һЧ@?yn)Ժķx(qun)HHζԺ挦(du)λcλ_ͻr(sh)HHЙ(qun)xmáλDzһxϷԓɵЧ(j)҂_ę(qun)ֹԭt(qun)քeڇ(gu)C(j)P(gun)C(j)P(gun)˾C(j)P(gun)ˣһɵЧ@(g)ɵƶC(j)P(gun)(li)Qo(w)Փƶ޸UֹԓC(j)P(gun)Q(dng)ȻΨһȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ʹ`(qun)^(gu)ֱӷҎ(gu)͵طԷҎ(gu)ķЧԺ˾C(j)P(gun)o(w)(qun)񶨷ɵЧʹ@Nɿ`@ɑ_ķ֙(qun)ԭtQԺ˾е^(gu)ЛQַxC(j)(gu)(qun)@NrԺʹЙ(qun)^(gu)У`(wn)}Ҳֻʹx(qun)(du)Щ`ķɲȡmãھwзԓɵČ(sh)|(zh)Чa(chn)ʽϵЧߌ(du)C(j)(gu)Ч@һc(din)Ժ`(qun)cȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`(qun)Ȼą^(q)eȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`(qun)һN_(ki)ֱӷ`֮Ч`(qun)Ժ`һN[`֮ʽЧ`(qun)҂˾y(tng)߀](mi)д_ʽЧˣһ(g)Ժij(g)wзij(g)`ɵČ(sh)|(zh)ЧӰԓԺ^m(x)l(f)]䌍(sh)|(zh)Ч(c(din)̎xһ(y))?yn)ԓɵʽЧ](mi)з񶨣(du)ԺȻмs

ɴ˿Ҋ(jin)Ժ`錍(sh)HһN˾`顱](mi)ַȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`(qun)҄cȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)`γa(b)䡣ǰᘌ(du)(g)Чᘌ(du)һЧģ
ǰDZ(dng)Ո(qng)(dng)M(jn)еģ
ǰ[M(jn)еǹ_(ki)ġ`顱c˾`顱γЙC(j)a(b)ıP(gun)ϵؘ(gu)҇(gu)ĶԪ`w


Ԫ`wƵĻ(dng)C(j)


M`˾`֮gĻa(b)Ԙ(gu)˶Ԫ`wƣ@ǃɂ(g)ͬČwҪЙC(j)ؽY(ji)(li)Ķγɽy(tng)һ`wƣ߀עһЩʹЧ(dng)ƶșC(j)


ȣ(j)˾`(qun)ԺǷɢڸ(j)ԺЌЙ(qun)\y(tng)衰Ժwڲͬȼ(j)Ժ֮gЧؽMͷ@N(qun)ڙ(qun)C(j)P(gun)(li)QһٶʮėlC(j)P(gun)ͨ^(gu)ԺM¡ºVA(li)M(jn)оwô(du)ڡЙ(qun)[ġጙ(qun)͡x(qun)ڸ(j)Ժ֮gη


Ժĵȼ(j)wϵͬwƣLJ(yn)¼(j)ϼ(j)֧y(tng)P(gun)ϵͨ^(gu)VAM(jn)бO(jin)P(gun)ϵ(j)VAҎ(gu)(j)Ժ֮gܰͬڌwm÷ɵę(qun)һµġ@(g)xЙ(qun)һN(du)ɵДڸ(j)Ժȫһµģጙ(qun)͡x(qun)顰Й(qun)һҲ(yng)(dng)ڸ(j)ԺһµҲf(shu)(j)Ժӷͥ(li)Й(qun)ڡymáጙ(qun)͡x(qun)


ҪעǣԺMЌ(du)Ժ؄eҎ(gu)|(zh)ġ˾ጙ(qun)oԺ@ζԺHHһ(g)VԺһ(g)ϼ(j)Ժ?yn)Ժ](mi)еġЙ(qun)@Nؙ(qun)ͨ^(gu)˾ጁ(li)ָ(do)(j)ԺČйVAҎ(gu)Ķ͌бO(jin)֮⣬߷ԺЌ(du)(j)Ժġָ(do)(qun)(dng)Ȼָ(do)(qun)ͬwϵеġ(qun)ͨ^(gu)ʾf(shu)(do)ķ(li)ָ(do)¼(j)ԺĹ@Nʾf(shu)(do)wF(xin)һN߷Ժԙ(qun)߷Ժڌ(du)ɵⷽ¼(j)Ժܾиę(qun)ԣ?yn)߷Ժ?du)ڷɵⲻHһNڷlČW(xu)߷Ժ̎λϸǏĹߺԭtĽǶȁ(li)ⷨɡ


?yn)¼?j)Ժyĕr(sh)һ㶼ҪԺՈ(qng)ʾԺ(du)@ЩɆ(wn)}M(jn)н(f)ˣy漰ጺ`Ć(wn)}һֻԺ(li)ʹጙ(qun)͡x(qun)@(xing)ؙ(qun)Ķ˸(j)Ժ`Ќ(du)IJͬ(do)‘(qun)Ćʧ(do)ͬӵķɷҎ(gu)ڲͬķԺвͬЧ@NƲy(tng)һľ档


MԺʹ`(qun)@N`HH@Щ`ɷҎ(gu)ڂ(g)еČ(sh)|(zh)Ч](mi)зԓɷҎ(gu)ķЧԺڂ(g)зԓɷҎ(gu)Č(sh)|(zh)Ч֮󣬑(yng)(dng)ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)(du)P(gun)ɻ߷Ҏ(gu)M(jn)`Ą(dng)hȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)P(gun)Ć(wn)}M(jn)ЌhĶ޸ķɵěQ߷P(gun)Ҏ(gu)ěQȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)(jng)^(gu)hJ(rn)Ժ(du)P(gun)ɷҎ(gu)ⲻ(zhn)_ô(yng)(dng)o(yng)ͽ?zhun)ĶҪԺڴ˺ЛQ?qng)?zh)


@(g)C(j)ƷdzҪ?yn)`漰ˑͷɷҎ(gu)@һ(xing)dz(f)sČ(zhun)T(mn)Ի(dng)ҪɌ(zhun)T(mn)ęC(j)(gu)M(jn)һ棬ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)һ(g)hC(j)(gu)֮£߷Ժһ(g)(zhun)T(mn)·ɌеęC(j)(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ЧⷨɷҎ(gu)cě_ͻ
һ棬ԺһN(dng)`ęC(j)(gu)?yn)`ķɷҎ(gu)ɵֱΣ(hu)ɮ(dng)ֱͨ^(gu)VAM(jn)뵽˾`ҕҰ֮Уͨ^(gu)hC(j)(gu)Čӌӷӳ(hu)Ӱ푵m`ɵЧˣ˾``ֱӺЧһ(dng)˾`飬`(wn)}(hu)ͨ^(gu)˾VAM(jn)뵽߷Ժ߷Ժڽ(jng)^(gu)(zhun)I(y)֪R(sh)^(gu)V֮Ȼύȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)M(jn)`@ӣһ˾``ṩˌW(xu)ϵ(j)һ棬`(wn)}(jng)^(gu)߷Ժ^(gu)VĶٔ(sh)`(wn)}ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)hЧع(ji)s`YԴM(fi)`Чʡ


ɴ˿Ҋ(jin)˾`顱c`顱P(gun)ϵHHǂ(g)ЧcһЧ(dng)c(dng)[c_(ki)@Щ໥a(b)ıP(gun)ϵ໥M(jn)Ļ(dng)?xn)|һ`˾`ę(qun)ԣ?yn)˾J(rn)`ķɷҎ(gu)Kͨ^(gu)`(li)Ч޸Чһ棬˾`ҲƄ(dng)`İl(f)չͬr(sh)Ҳ`齨˸x_`ġA(y)Ȍ顱ߡ顱@Щ໥a(b)ıP(gun)ϵ໥M(jn)Ļ(dng)P(gun)ϵԪ`ڑĿЧ\(yn)С


Y(ji) Փ


(du)ڷW(xu)(li)f(shu)Ԫ`C(j)䌍(sh)ʲô؄eĄ(chung)¡MЩW(xu)ίT(hu)Dzų˾飬ίT(hu)һ(g)^(gu)Aȴ֮ڳ(d)đԺ[]еČW(xu)ֱίT(hu)˾鲢еġ(f)`wơ[]@Щ(du)ĿǰƄ(dng)Ї(gu)M(jn)̾зdzҪxĵIJͬ@Щ(sh)|(zh)ڷW(xu)оϣIJȡɽጌW(xu)(chng)ǷߌW(xu)(chng)[]@NW(xu)IJͬӳڑоо҂Ǻl(wi)ı߀Ǻl(wi)đё(dng)һNͨ^(gu)W(xu)ጰl(f)չ(li)S֪R(sh)y(tng)Ǯ(dng)(jin)εĽ̗lͨ^(gu)ɽጵˇg(sh)(li)չĿg߀ͨ^(gu)ĸ׃(li)ԇDƶ‘ȡǰһN(chng)Ȼ(hu)(jin)طɿƌW(xu)ꇵͨ^(gu)֪R(sh)y(tng)ĸ׃֪R(sh)y(tng)УȡһN(chng)Ȼ(hu)뵽I(lng)Փ(zhn)ԇDͨ^(gu)ĸƶȁ(li)_@ɷNo(w)Փ֪R(sh)y(tng)߀Ƅ(dng)l(f)չČ(sh)`лؽһ

^(gu)Ŀǰ@ɷN(du)Ї(gu)đO(sh)o(w)ɾвͬxŒ(sh)ȡ֪R(sh)ӵ(chng)҂Ї(gu)đ(wn)}һ(g)ޑƶ‘Ć(wn)}1980֪R(sh)˞Ї(gu)y}ڡԡеġ(xing)ԭt(wn)}ԲǑЙC(j)M@NȱW(xu)(j)Փ[]1990ԁ(li)İl(f)չ(do)ˡ(x)TޑĂy(tng)ҲǸ(j)h·ᘵ׃ޑ@N(x)Tޑ˼SʽУ֪R(sh)æNӵޑ(li)RޑУ˽ؔ(ci)a(chn)o(h)`醖(wn)}o(w)ɳɞ֪R(sh)P(gun)עğc(din)[]Ȼ@N(x)TޑŒ(sh)ό(du)ڑO(sh)a(chn)ؓ(f)Ӱһ摗ķ(wn)Ժ͙(qun)Դۿۣ?yn)鑗̎޸֮](mi)˕(hu)J(rn)挦(du)ԡȴꡱđB(ti)(li)(du)ёϣδ(li)ƑУpđB(ti)Ȍ(du)(dng)µđ(qun)
һёޑƑ(wn)}鑗lĆ(wn)}鑗l\(yn)Ć(wn)}đlv҂đ^O(sh)(qing)ⲻڑҎ(gu)ڑΌ(sh)ʩˣP(gun)עξw\(yn)P(gun)עΌ(sh)ʩƄ(dng)O(sh)ı;@(g)^(gu)Ȼ漰(du)Ľጺ↖(wn)}zW(xu)ԑǧƪһɵđ(du)wđƶȺ͑ȱо֪R(sh)e

(dng)Ȼ˿J(rn)鑗䌍(sh)ԭڑأ䌍(sh)Ŀ(bio)ξw⑗lθĸ@ЩK(sh)ʩϵK@Nf(shu)o(w)м(x)(li)ԁ(li)҂̎ڲĸθĶ(zhng)֮УF(xin)ˡһ׼Ԯ(hu)ÈDĴÕr(sh)C(j)҂đO(sh)Ȼ](mi)гɹ@N](mi)пnj(du)θĿ˷˼ϣͨ^(gu)θ(li)O(sh)o(w)@HđO(sh)ه(li)ڏ(qing)đ֪R(sh)y(tng)γɵձđĻ@Щ֪R(sh)ṩڷW(xu)Һ͑W(xu)ҡ](mi)Б֪R(sh)y(tng)](mi)ձđĻܽđ?yn)ֻ@N֪R(sh)y(tng)ʹ˂(x)Tͨ^(gu)ĽǶȁ(li)]Ά(wn)}͙(qun)䆖(wn)}(dng)҂ķW(xu)Ұёlĺ֪͑R(sh)֮Xĕr(sh)҂ϣμ҂ؑlyεĻƆ᣿Ƅ(dng)Ї(gu)O(sh)횏ķW(xu)҂𣬱횸W(xu)ҕlҕעጷW(xu)ˇª(x)ڷW(xu)од_(du)(qun)_עጷW(xu)ˇijߵλጟo(w)Ч;HԸW(xu)еĹԒZ(y)(li)wͷɼˇª(x)ҿͨ^(gu)(du)ć(yn)C˼(li)֪R(sh)y(tng)ɞؑĻֻ@ӵl(f)ѿ‰ѳL(zhng)Ό҂Ҋ(jin)ķD(zhun)׃?yu)鑗ϵķ磬˵Փ?zhn)D(zhun)׃?yu)鷨W(xu)Ҍ(du)ԭtҎ(gu)tIJͬŬͨ^(gu)ጵļˇ(li)ЧؽQ@Щo(w)һ(xing)L(zhng)ڶD޵΄(w)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* ڌ(xi)^(gu)еõhʿͺκʿĴһЩ(wn)}M(jn)ӑՓMһȫͬⱾĵһЩ?zhun)شx(dng)Ȼ߱ˌ(du)ؓ(f)؟(z)

[] 1990кڷW(xu)_(ki)ʼF(xin)ķɽጟᳱУ(sh)ɽጵՓĻҪ٤_(d)Ĭ܌W(xu)UጌW(xu)(j)(qing){(dio)܌W(xu)UጌW(xu)cɽጌW(xu)֮gP(gun)ϵ·ɽ܌W(xu)UጌW(xu)ڷеľw\(yn)Ҋ(jin)ǣ񷨽ጌW(xu)Ї(gu)W(xu)1995
ƽɽጆ(wn)}ɳ磬1998P(gun)@(g)(wn)}ĠrҊ(jin)Michael S. Moore, The Search Term Begin InIiSearch Term End Interpretative Turn in Modern Theory: A Turn for the Worse?, 41 STAN. L. REV. 871 (1989)
J.M. Balkin, Understanding Legal UnderstandingSearch Term Begin Search Term End : The Legal Subject and the Problem of Legal Coherence,(c(din)̎xһ(y))103 Yale L.J. 105, 171 (1993)
Georgia, Warnke, Justice and Interpretation, Polity Press,1992, ch.4


[] (qing)wpؽY(ji)(gu)µķɽጡdƽǰע(sh)


[] (qing)wǰעģ
Kጵy}(du)׷Nıጷ׷(wn)Ї(gu)(hu)ƌW(xu)19974


[] P(gun)ڡ(chng)ՓҊ(jin)϶A£˼c(sh)`g뾎g1996(y) P(gun)ڡ˾(chng)򡱵ՓҊ(jin)϶򣺡ɵ~˾(chng)(hu)W(xu)(qing)gu(png)Փ22݋


[] (qing)wǰע2ġ


[] P(gun)ՓīI(xin)Ҋ(jin)ڣ(sh)ʩ̽R߰Ďׂ(g)(wn)}Ї(gu)(hu)ƌW(xu)20032ڡ


[] (du)@N`ɵġ˾u(png)Ҋ(jin)֮ͯ˾mоеĎׂ(g)(wn)}dŴɳ磬2001


[] Ԕ(x)ķҊ(jin)(qing)˾ՓЇ(gu)(hu)ƌW(xu)20033


[] Ҋ(jin)Sc֙(qun)Kg“(lin)(sh)꣬1997


[] @һc(din)wF(xin)ڬF(xin)(qun)c˾(qun)ĄСŒ(sh)ڂy(tng)(gu)ҵš(qun)(li)УHH(qun)˾(qun)˾(qun)һNwxϵĈ(zh)Й(qun)@Ҳ҂f(shu)˾һ(qun)wS(gu)֧(qun)ĔU(ku)˾Й(qun)(zh)Й(qun)໥xųF(xin)(gu)܌Ī(d)˾(qun)P(gun)ڬF(xin)(gu)š(qun)ԴͰl(f)չҊ(jin)Sǰע(sh)ڶ¡


[] P(gun)@ɷN֙(qun)W(xu)f(shu)Ěvʷl(f)չݻӾSǰע9(sh)҂ķW(xu)҂wȫ(gu)(hu)Ķ҂wȡ˷֙(qun)W(xu)f(shu)Œ(sh)҂񶨵ăHH(gu)ʽƼsƽķ֙(qun)W(xu)f(shu)҂ȡŒ(sh)LJ(yn)֙(qun)˼·(gu)ҙ(qun)(yn)񄝷֣໥֮g](mi)ƼsP(gun)ϵK(du)ؓ(f)؟(z)


[] @ԒÁ(li)Ӣ(gu)h(hu)wģʽh(hu)Ľ^(du)(qun)M҂(gu)ҵwģʽӽӢ(gu)h(hu)ƣ҂ע^(q)ֳđ(gu)cđ(gu)ڇ(gu)ҙ(qun)ŷش^(q)e(jin)f(shu)(li)鲻ķ(gu)ҵӢ(gu)h(hu)ƶˣh(hu)ڑߵę(qun)һ(g)đć(gu)ңЇ(gu)(gu)h(hu)ƶɌ(zhun)T(mn)Ƒ(hu)hƶģh(hu)^(gu)(li)ɑ(chung)Ƶģę(qun)^(du)ߟo(w)ϵģDZܵļs


[] W(xu)׺](mi)ӑՓБȡ@ɷNͬڙ(qun)ģʽW(xu)猦(du)@ɷNͬڙ(qun)ģʽM(jn)̽ӑM@N̽ӑҪ@VAġܰչ_(ki)VA(du)VAġܰ(yng)(dng)ȡweʽҎ(gu)߀DzȡxʽҎ(gu)P(gun)@Щ(wn)}Ԕ(x)ӑՓҊ(jin)κע56


[] һf(shu)(li)϶Ե~Z(y)ʹ^(gu)cf(shu)Ҫ϶Ҫ϶ă(ni)ݣf(shu)ҪĖ|ˣ҂ڷԻԵĺxρ(li)@Щ϶g(sh)Z(y)t@Щ϶g(sh)Z(y)͛](mi)аl(f)]áRЪ󷨹ڡRVdMabury v. MadisonеҊ(jin)܊gⷨW(xu)20001


[] P(gun)@(g)(wn)}W(xu)Ҫڌ(du)˾ጵӑՓ֮УٌW(xu)J(rn)˾ጌ(sh)HϾһN(dng)Ҋ(jin)ޣ˾ՓЇ(gu)W(xu)1999dڵֱӌ˾ጷQ(chng)֮顰˾Ҋ(jin)dܹ(qun)̷˾ጵ޶ȣՓ˾֮ڼԡጌW(xu)(hu)hՓģ1997


[] ķ˹ɵĵ·cAghttp://www.law-thinker.com/detail.asp?id=2022003721յ


[] Ҋ(jin)أɵĸ@gЇ(gu)ٿȫ(sh)磬1996


[] (du)˾ጵҪ(li)?xn)ɷN(chng)һNȡOx(chng)J(rn)˾ጱƉP(gun)(qun)c˾(qun)xĬF(xin)˼룬һNȡغx(chng)(du)˾ጵu(png)Ҫ˾ѽ(jng)F(xin)ˡԽ(qun)ĬF(xin)_(ki)ʼͷɻጲһɴgጡҊ(jin)ϼԽ(qun)˾ch(dng)W(xu)20088(y)103-8


[] Ҫע@(g)Qh@һԒˮ(dng)r(sh)֮@NQķ΄(sh)ֱ롢෴F(tun)(du)(hu)xƵć(yn)ƉĺͶЩ˵ķ^^ͬr(sh)(du)Ƶ߀úܲSˌ(du)߀ܲϤȫ(gu)(hu)(w)ίT(hu)J(rn)飬(j)(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)F(tun)w(yng)(dng)Y(ji)ό(sh)Hr͆(wn)}õͰӋ(j)ᘌ(du)Եؼӏ(qing)(hu)xƵʹVɲȺ˽P(gun)ķҎ(gu)ռɵĻ֪R(sh)M(jn)һCֱ롢෴F(tun)Ɖ(hu)xƵVɲȺ؄eǸ(j)I(lng)(do)ɲ͹zԺ˾ˆTJ(rn)غ_(zh)з̎(ni)ĸNmͬr(sh)Ҫ\(yn)÷ͬһƉ(hu)xƵ`ОM(jn)ж(zhng)Ҳf(shu)֮Խǻڮ(dng)r(sh)ӏ(qing)ƽO(sh)΄(sh)ҪMĿǰ΄(sh)l(f)˸Ե׃ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)(hu)(hu)˛Qջطɽጵڙ(qun)Ȼه(li)(du)΄(sh)Д


[] @Œ(sh)漰ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)đ(qun)ކ(wn)}ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)DzǿԌԼš(qun)ͨ^(gu)ķʽ(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)@(g)棬͵Ӿߌȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ڣΕ(hu)hꣷ£գͨ^(gu)ˡP(gun)ڙ(qun)(hu)䳣(w)ίT(hu)քeƶҎ(gu)Ҏ(gu)ڽ(jng)(j)؅^(q)(sh)ʩěQԓڙ(qun)ʹ˴䳣ί(hu)ڷЧϿԸڏV|ʡ˴䳣ί(hu)͏V|ʡڇ(gu)(w)ԺίƶҎ(gu)µЧĶ(do)cڡطC(j)(gu)һ(ji)Ҏ(gu)ĵط˴ę(qun)޲һ£Ҋ(jin)⣺҇(gu)ڙ(qun)F(xin)֮ⷨW(xu)19995
磺(du)D(zhun)͕r(sh)cطP(gun)ϵ˼Ї(gu)W(xu)19961
Rϼ(hu)G(jng)(j)؅^(q)ڙ(qun)Ɇ(wn)}̽ӑݴW(xu)W(xu)(bo)19972ڡ


[] ԺMʮlԺ(du)ڌ^(gu)ξw(yng)÷Ć(wn)}M(jn)н


[] ٣|(zh)?zhun)鷨ɽ?W(xu)Փ20023(y)22-8ጡǡОǷɽО顱҂Ч؅^(q)cጺ˾ڷЧλAϵIJͬ^ጺ˾ጷͬһ(g)ЧλAϣĶ(qing){(dio)ጡcጡ͡˾ጡھwʽϵǸ(j)ƶ֮ľw(zh)^(gu)гF(xin)Ć(wn)}M(jn)н?zhun)ɴˏ?qing){(dio)C(j)P(gun)鷨ɽጵw?yn)鷨ɽጙ?qun)ڷɵĈ(zh)ЙC(j)P(gun)C(j)P(gun)Ҋ(jin)ԬՓƶ֮ǡЇ(gu)W(xu)19944ڣ
ԬՓƶ֮ǡЇ(gu)W(xu)19953
˹ϲՓƶȵcǼЇ(gu)W(xu)19983ڣ(y)63-70^(gu)˹ϲ(qing){(dio)顰^(gu)ɕr(sh)ڵę(qun)֮Ӌ(j)ڌ(sh)`еıҪc෴ЌW(xu)ߏ(qing){(dio)ጡ^(q)eڡҲ^(q)eጺ˾@Щw\(yn)ýጡĶvጡMx޶ڡጶጡǞO(jin)möጡҊ(jin)Փƶȣu(png)(du)ɽƶȵҎ(gu)cɡ20006
Փƶȡ㽭ʡɲW(xu)ԺW(xu)(bo)20011ڣ(y)23-8


[] ڑጵĆ(wn)}ϣW(xu)ձ錢ȫ(gu)˴䳣ί(hu)漰(wn)}һЩQ漰ı(ni)ݵһЩQǑ?zhun)Ķጿȫ?gu)˴ί(hu)һ(xing)c(dng)һµԵጻ(dng)@(g)xϣHȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)Бጙ(qun)ȫ(gu)˴Бጙ(qun)Ҋ(jin)\Փ҇(gu)ጵČ(sh)`о20002ڣmȻײ](mi)_Ҏ(gu)ȫ(gu)˴ҲЙ(qun)?xi)҇?gu)Č(sh)Hl(f)ȫ(gu)˴Ќ(du)Ľጙ(qun)ǿ϶o(w)ɵġ
ţP҇(gu)ƶȵĎc(din)˼ɽW(xu)W(xu)(bo)19993ڣmδ_dȫ(gu)˴н?xi)š@f(shu)ȫ(gu)˴܉?xi)?sh)Hȫ(gu)˴ͬǿԽ?xi)?/p>


[] legislatorcƶɡlaw-making^(q)eɷNͬǰߌڡΡߌڡճΡǰߌڡ߼(j)higher law-makingߌڡͼ(j)lower law-makingҊ(jin)Bruce Ackerman, We, the People, vol. I. Harvard University Press


[] Mܑ؄eƑ(hu)hƶǣڑ_C(j)(gu)֮(du)ƶ޸ľC(j)(gu)(li)ɣ؄eƑ(hu)h(li)ˣķρ(li)vڑƶ֮ģͨC(j)(gu)޸đͳɞһ(g)Ƒ(dng)M@NƑ(dng)Ҫѭ؄eķɳA񹲺͇(gu)1982ȫ(gu)(hu)޸ͨ^(gu)ģȫ(gu)(hu)Ǹ(j)A񹲺͇(gu)1978꣩ģɴ˽҂ĿǰđcvʷϵĎײǡA񹲺͇(gu)1954꣩ă(ni)P(gun)“(lin)(dng)Ȼ@(g)(wn)}P(gun)I1949ԁ(li)҂(gu)(qun)](mi)׃(c(din)̎xһ(y))QԒf(shu)҂Ƚ(gu)ңȻɇ(gu)ҁ(li)ƶ޸đ(gu)ǘͨ^(gu)(li)(gu)

[] Ҏ(gu)º͵طԷҎ(gu)طҎ(gu)²cͷ|tȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)Й(qun)N(xio)(gu)(w)Ժƶͬ|Ҏ(gu)Qʮߗl(xing)Й(qun)N(xio)ʡ΅^(q)ֱݠЇ(gu)ҙ(qun)C(j)P(gun)ƶͬɺҎ(gu)|ĵطԷҎ(gu)͛Qhʮߗlڰ(xing)ɴ˱CˑеЧ˷wϵă(ni)һŒ(sh)ϣ҂Ҳf(shu)ĬʾķʽԵķɽጙ(qun)oC(j)(gu)˾C(j)(gu)?yn)ጺ˾cጻ߷ɰl(f)˛_ͻԒôȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)ȫЙ(qun)N(xio)@N


[] P(gun)ڑY(ji)(gu)Ԕ(x)Ҋ(jin)(qing)(qun)đ?zhun)R߰еܽ(qun)˼c(hu)3݋ϺϺ磬2003


[] @һc(din)đĽY(ji)(gu)wϵоͿԿ(li)֮ԌĻ(qun)x(w)ڡ(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ǰǞ@ʾ(du)o(h)(qun)ă(yu)Կ]Ҋ(jin)棺P(gun)A񹲺͇(gu)޸IJݰĈ(bo)桷19821126ա^(gu)1789ͨ^(gu)ĕr(sh)в](mi)P(gun)ڹ(qun)ľwҎ(gu)(du)ˣ“(lin)hJ(rn)(gu)o(w)茦(du)Ļ(qun)M(jn)оwҎ(gu)?yn)?gu)Ŀľڙ(qun)ָƼsƽԭt֮ό(du)(gu)ҙC(j)(gu)ę(qun)M(jn)ஔ(dng)һ(g)(qun)Ҋ(jin)hܠDȣ“(lin)hļ̷ḡ(w)ӡ(sh)^199784ƪ


[] ȺЇ(gu)wƺ˴O(jin) ˴о20028


[] һ(g)͵Ӿȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)؅^(q)؅^(q)KԺ(du)ۻl(f)Ո(qng)ȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)M(jn)нጡ

[] Œ(sh)W(xu)ָȫ(gu)˴ί(hu)?xi)Č?sh)`Ҫ@(g)I(lng)


[] һNO˵ČW(xu)f(shu)ΨзԺĽጲŘ(gu)ķķҎ(gu)t^(gu)ǡɵĜYԴķ(hu)н?zhun)ĺxɷԺģ˂ѳķ鷨ɏ(qing)ڹͬwnjԺ@Nxĺx(qing)ڹͬwJohn C. Gray, The Nature and Source of the Law, Mass. Peter Smith, 1972, p.170.


[] ˇ?yn)ԡg˞ԡ@(g)Ҫc¿˷ٵһ“(lin)ϵһҊ(jin)ģ(gu)ġ߼(j)(qing)g“(lin)(sh)꣬1996(y)35P(gun)ڷ˵ġˇ?yn)ԡһӑՓ?jin)Charles Fried, The Artificial ReasonSearch Term Begin Search Term End of the Law or: What Lawyers Know, 60 TEX. L. REV. 35 (1981)


[] ٷ_Ҏ(gu)Ŀǡ˱Ժ(d)ʹЙ(qun)Ϸš؟(z)߷ٵ|(zh)һl


[] P(gun)īI(xin)Ҋ(jin)ڣǰע6
(du)@NԼ@N(j)ķW(xu)ՓԔ(x)ӑՓҊ(jin)(qing)ǰע8ġ


[] Ҋ(jin)Ժăɂ(g)(f)ԺP(gun)ЛQвԮÑՓ̵(j)(f)1955͡P(gun)Ժķĕ(sh)(yng)÷Ҏ(gu)ļ(f)1986


[] һN_(ki)ŵġ(sh)(yn)ǻķ˹󷨹ٵҪ˼MӑՓՓɵĆ(wn)}Ҋ(jin)Abrams v. U.S.1919еĮh


[] ëɖ|Ǯ(dng)֮o(w)ġ֮҂ģ1954ꑗ(jng)Q(chng)顰ëɖ|Ҋ(jin)YʮNhttp://article.chinalawinfo.com/article/user/article_display.asp?ArticleID=223262003722յꑡ


[] A񹲺͇(gu)ͨtһlҎ(gu)˱Ϲ񡢷˵ĺϷ™(qun)_{(dio)P(gun)ϵm(yng)(hu)xF(xin)O(sh)˜I(y)l(f)չҪ(j)҇(gu)(sh)HrY(ji)»(dng)Č(sh)`(jng)(yn)ƶA񹲺͇(gu)̷1997һlҎ(gu)ˑPo(h)(j)Y(ji)҇(gu)ͬ(zhng)ľw(jng)(yn)(sh)HrƶA񹲺͇(gu)VAһl鱣CԺ_r(sh)o(h)񡢷˺MĺϷ(qun)So(h)ͱO(jin)C(j)P(gun)ʹš(qun)(j)ƶ [] 磬A񹲺͇(gu)ع(sh)ʩlһlҎ(gu)(j)A񹲺͇(gu)عº(jin)Q(chng)عƶlA񹲺͇(gu)عһlҎ(gu)˼ӏ(qing)عSo(h)ص(hu)xƣo(h)_(ki)l(f)YԴЌ(sh)o(h)أM(jn)(hu)(jng)(j)Ŀɳm(x)l(f)չ(j)ƶ


[] 編Ҏ(gu)tƶҎ(gu)tĽጆ(wn)}Ҏ(gu)t֮gĵȼ(j)P(gun)ϵ(wn)}ȵ


[] ĿǰķW(xu)УԴ(jng)͡ɜYԴͬʹɜYԴǷə(qun)ı(j)ĵıF(xin)ʽ@ӵĶx(sh)HһN˾W(xu)Ķxf(shu)ɾǷԺ˾ЛQ(dng)ôɜYԴڷγЛQ^(gu)ę(qun)Է(j)ķ˾ጺ(x)TȵȶԳɞ鷨ɵĜYԴҊ(jin)Grayǰע32(sh)ǣ҂ĽǶȿɿC(j)P(gun)γɵę(qun)ļô^ɜYԴ͑(yng)(dng)ָ@(g)γɵĺϷ(j)ߜYԴڴˣԇDáԴ(li)ָxϵķγɵĺϷ(j)(j)A񹲺͇(gu)1982зɺͷҎ(gu)ķԴ@(g)xϣɾǏđϷ(j)l(f)γɵ(g)ɵȼ(j)wϵ


[] MڷՓ֮ɵǷɵһ(g)Ҫ@ζɲν(jng)(j)Ӱ푣@NP(gun)ڷԵĽ(gu)(sh)HϏ˾ĽǶȁ(li)ĽǶȁ(li)Ԓɕr(sh)r(sh)̎ν(jng)(j)Ӱ֮^(gu)̱һNӳ(hu)棨ǽ(jng)(j)棩IJͬ(hu)漯F(tun)֮gһ(g)ӑr(ji)߀r(ji)Ĺx^(gu)̣˱һ(g)ε^(gu)ǣ@Nλ(dng)ڑͷɵҎ(gu)t(ni)(dng)(qun)ķ䱾LJ(yn)ɑҎ(gu)ġ(dng)˾^(gu)ԇD_Ʌ^(q)Ρ(jng)(j)Խ(gu)r(sh)sе@Щν(jng)(j)(dng){뵽ķ֮(ni)

[] Ҫעǣ19551986ԺP(gun)ڽֹԮlĵ(f)漰ăHHЛQĕ(sh)ʽĆ(wn)}҂˾(sh)`Ԕ(x)ķɽጺͷһ㲻(xi)ڰЛQ(sh)Уnj(xi)ڰČY(ji)(bo)@ӵĈ(bo)һC(j)ļڰġС˾ЛQĕ(sh)в_ԮζڌY(ji)(bo)н?xi)҂˾?sh)`ɽጺͷɽጵĽY(ji)Ƿ_(ki)˾ĸ֮Ƅ(dng)ЛQ(sh)(sh)(xi)톖(wn)}^(gu)njԭ(li)ă(ni)μʽĆ(wn)}


[] Ҋ(jin)ǰע36


[] ڡ˾ӑՓУSJ(rn)顰˾ϵK֮һԺ@ɂ(g)(f)ǣSָ@䌍(sh)һ(g)`⡱1955ġ(f)ֻҎ(gu)ˡÑ](mi)Џص׷񶨌(du)ֱԮͬr(sh)ԓ(f)Hᘌ(du)°](mi)Ҏ(gu)ºIJĕ(sh)вÑ1986ġ(f)ָֻ˷ԺֱԮķҎ(gu)ļҲ](mi)ȫųÑĿҊ(jin)SУ˾xԺһ(g)(f)Մ𡱣Ժ(bo)2001813ա


[] @҂Ҫ^(q)ַϵăɂ(g)(qun)rightc(qun)ܡentitlement(qun)һһЩҎ(gu)һЩ(w)һЩҪ󣬶(qun)ܡָwķҎ(gu)֮xČ(sh)HϿԲͱo(h)ę(qun)MܑҎ(gu)һ(g)Сܽ(qun)(gu)ҲkdkW(xu)УԒô@N(qun)HHԿһNֻЇ(gu)Cx(w)ԼSSdkķҎ(gu)ߣʹ@Nܽ(qun)׃˾wСW(xu)ϴW(xu)ę(qun)@NҎ(gu)ijġܽ(qun)x(dng)ȻSr(sh)҂(yn)^(q)ֶ(jng)ڌxρ(li)má(qun)@ɂ(g)P(gun)ϵҲÁ(li)(qun)cə(qun)P(gun)ϵǰ߸ؿһ(g)ǿԲķҎ(gu)@(g)xϣǷԭtߵԭtҲܺ(jin)εM(jn)뵽ԷɘI(y)(w)(du)ͨԺ֮ڵ‡(gu)(gu)(wn)}Ʌ^(q)eͨԺČ(zhun)T(mn)Ժ(li)Q(gu)˾䌍(sh)Ñ鷨ɜYԴ(li)wÑ(li)c|ķɡ


[] 1986ꡰ(f)ȫ£


Kʡ߼(j)ԺԺK[1986]11̖(ho)Ո(qng)ʾϤP(gun)Ժĕ(sh)(yng)÷Ҏ(gu)ļĆ(wn)}(jng)о(f)£(j)ط(j)(hu)͵ط(j)MP(gun)Ҏ(gu)(gu)(qun)ȫ(gu)(hu)䳣(w)ίT(hu)ʹ
(gu)(w)ԺЙ(qun)(j)ͷƶҎ(gu)
ʡֱݠ(hu)䳣(w)ίT(hu)ڲcɡҎ(gu)|ǰƶطԷҎ(gu)
εط(hu)Й(qun)ծ(dng)?sh)?jng)(j)Ļc(din)ƶΗl͆ЗlˣԺºͽ(jng)(j)mĕ(sh)r(sh)(du)ȫ(gu)(hu)䳣(w)ίT(hu)ƶķɣ(gu)(w)ԺƶҎ(gu)áʡֱݠ(hu)䳣(w)ίT(hu)ƶcɺҎ(gu)|ĵطԷҎ(gu)
εط(hu)ծ(dng)?sh)Ρ?jng)(j)Ļc(din)ƶΗl͆ЗlԺ(dng)pڱ^(q)(ni)ºͽ(jng)(j)mĕ(sh)r(sh)Ҳ(gu)(w)Ժίl(f)ָʾҎ(gu)£h(hu)ͨ^(gu)Ͱl(f)ěQQhط(j)l(f)ěQҎ(gu)(c(din)̎xһ(y))

P(gun)~ ` l(shu)(li)

c(din)x

(qun) ѹӢժ www.newchangjing.com