山東省惠民縣皂戶李鄉(xiāng)的河南張村，因地處縣城西南約15華里的沙河南岸而得名。河南張，村子不大卻人氣很旺。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)村做的“泥娃娃”獨(dú)具特色，不但在本地有名，還漂洋過(guò)海到了美國(guó)、日本、韓國(guó)、加拿大等地，現(xiàn)在人們更習(xí)慣稱該村為“娃娃張”。
　　說(shuō)起泥娃娃的來(lái)源，還得講幾段美麗的傳說(shuō)。
　　相傳過(guò)去河南張村有一中年婦女，久婚未育，幾經(jīng)改嫁，均因無(wú)子而倍遭婆家冷落和白眼。每年農(nóng)歷二月初二，她都到10華里外的“皇姑廟”燒香拜佛。有一年，急于求子的她將寺廟里的一個(gè)泥娃娃抱回家中，不久便有了身孕。又傳，本村一商販，生意場(chǎng)上總處于下風(fēng)，卻找不到其中的原因。一日，他窺見(jiàn)一同行家中供有一高約4寸的泥人“不倒翁”，便悟出了其中的奧秘，專(zhuān)門(mén)請(qǐng)人給他做了一只高12寸的泥人“不倒翁”，象征著在生意場(chǎng)上永遠(yuǎn)立于不敗之地。此后，他的生意居然蒸蒸日上。
　　據(jù)說(shuō)村里做泥人的歷史已有200多年，品種有梁祝、牛郎織女、白蛇傳、三打白骨精、七品芝麻官、關(guān)公等80多個(gè)。現(xiàn)在村里有18戶人家做泥人。60歲的張炳敖頭腦很靈活，且深得祖上真?zhèn)�，并將一些現(xiàn)代人的審美眼光和思想融進(jìn)這古老的技藝，使其內(nèi)容和內(nèi)涵更加豐富，因此他制作的泥人特別搶手。
　　惠民泥人其實(shí)就是不倒翁，村里人叫做“扳不倒”，附近村民在廟會(huì)上買(mǎi)回去圖個(gè)吉利。泥人制作既是個(gè)手藝活，更是個(gè)工夫活：做泥人要用“狗頭”淤泥（深埋于地下的大塊淤泥，曬干后狀如狗頭），最好是黃河淤泥。淤泥運(yùn)到家后先風(fēng)化一兩年再摻入棉絮和面漿使用。泥人的制作有搗泥、制作底座、糊紙、上泥漿、擦粉、上色、開(kāi)眼等十來(lái)道工序。僅頭發(fā)上色就要上9遍；一個(gè)泥人身上可畫(huà)10多種花，至于畫(huà)什么全由匠人心里想出，想到啥畫(huà)啥，沒(méi)有定規(guī)；開(kāi)眼是最難的一道工序，開(kāi)好了泥人“精神煥發(fā)”，開(kāi)壞了則“黯然失色”。
　　
　　Henanzhang Village of Zaohuli Town is a small village in Huimin County, Shandong Province. Small in size, it is famous throughout China for its clay figure art. The clay figures produced in this village are not only famous locally, but have also gained fame and fans in Canada, Japan, South Korea, and the United States.
　　
　　The clay figures of Huimin are of the “roly-poly,” “fat & happy” sort, which can be bought at temple markets for good luck. To make clay figures, one needs the proper clay, fine art techniques, and time. First of all, the deep underground silt from the Yellow River is necessary. After dying in the air for one or two years, it is then mixed with cotton fiber and flour paste and can be used to produce clay figures.
　　The complete process of creation requires more than ten different procedures, such as mixing clay, making standing, sticking paper, pasting mud, pasting powder, drawing the eyes, and painting in colors. Many kinds of pictures can be drawn on the clay figures, so each craftsman can draw whatever he wants on the figure, which leads to a variety of personal styles. Drawing eyes is the most difficult procedure, for if the eyes are drawn well, the clay figure looks very moving and lively, but otherwise might look sad, confused, or dispirited.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：惠民 泥塑 惠民泥塑 彩繪泥塑 泥塑培訓(xùn)