英文散文翻譯篇一：散文翻譯

It was a day by itself, coming after a fortnight's storm and rain. The sun did not shine clearly, but it spread through the clouds a tender, diffused lights, crossed by lever cloud-bars, which stretched to a great length, quite parallel. The tints in the sky were wonderful, every conceivable shade of blue-gray, which contrived to modulate into the golden brilliance in which the sun was veiled. I went out in the afternoon. It was too early in the year for a heavy fall of leaves, but

nevertheless the garden was covered. They were washed to the sides of the roads, and lay heaped up over the road-gratings, masses of gorgeous

harmonies in red, brown and yellow. The chestnuts and acorns dropped in

showers, and the patter on the gravel was a little weird. The chestnut husks split wide open when they came to the ground, revealing the polished brown of the shy fruit.

翻譯這段散文，盡量達(dá)到信達(dá)雅三種要求。

問題補(bǔ)充：兩周的狂風(fēng)暴雨之后，迎來了明媚的一天。陽光并不清澈，卻穿過云層，彌散著溫和的光，射成兩條平行線。天空濃淡不同的顏色甚是好看：當(dāng)太陽被云層蒙住的時候，亮金色的光，瞬間變化為任何你可以想像到的藍(lán)灰色陰影。我在午后出門. 這一年的深秋來的格外早，因而花園被一團(tuán)一團(tuán)美麗的葉子，霜紅、微黃、枯舊的葉子覆蓋著。他們堆在路邊，輕輕拍打著小石礫，發(fā)出微微奇怪的聲音。栗子掉落在地上，外殼裂開，露出內(nèi)里棕色有光澤的果肉。

這是一個每天本身，未來兩星期后的風(fēng)暴和暴雨。太陽沒有光澤明顯，但它傳播到云彩招標(biāo)，分散燈光，穿過杠桿云酒吧，其中延伸到一個偉大長度，相當(dāng)平行。該色彩在天空中的美妙，每一個可以想象樹蔭下藍(lán)灰色，這人為調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)入金色光芒的太陽隱晦。我出去在下午。這是太早在今年秋天了沉重的葉片，但花園覆蓋。他們被沖走的道路兩旁，并奠定堆起來的道路光柵，群眾和聲華麗的紅色，褐色和黃色。與該栗子橡子下降陣雨，并急促的礫石是一點(diǎn)都不奇怪。板栗殼的分裂敞開時，他們來到地面，揭示了拋光褐色的害羞水果。

Relish the moment享受現(xiàn)在

Tucked away in our subconscious is an idyllic vision. We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the continent. We are traveling by train. Out of the windows, we drink in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving

at a crossing, of cattle grazing on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, of row upon row of corn and wheat, of flatlands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hillsides, of city skylines and village halls。

我們的潛意識里藏著一派田園詩般的風(fēng)光。我們仿佛身處一次橫貫大陸的漫漫旅程之中。乘著火車，我們領(lǐng)略著窗外流動的景色：附近高速公路上奔馳的汽車、十字路口處招手的孩童、遠(yuǎn)山上吃草的牛群、源源不斷地從電廠排放出的煙塵、一片片的玉米和小麥、平原與山谷、群山與綿延的丘陵、天空映襯下城市的輪廓，以及鄉(xiāng)間的莊園宅第。

But uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags

waving. Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles, damning the minutes for loitering --waiting, waiting, waiting for the station.

然而我們心里想得最多的卻是最終的目的地。在某一天的某一時刻，我們將會抵達(dá)進(jìn)站！迎接我們的將是樂隊(duì)和飄舞的彩旗！一旦到了那兒，多少美夢將成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，我們的生活也將變得完整，如同一塊終于拼好了的拼圖！現(xiàn)在我們在火車的過道里不耐煩地踱來踱去，咒罵火車的拖拖拉拉！我們期待著，期待著，期待著火車進(jìn)站的那一刻！

"When we reach the station, that will be it!" we cry.

“當(dāng)我們到站的時候，一切就都好了！”我們呼喊著！

"When I'm 18."

“等我18歲的時候！”

"When I buy a new 450SL Mercedes Benz!"

“等我有了一輛新450SL奔馳的時候！”

"When I put the last kid through college."

“等我供最小的孩子念完大學(xué)的時候！”

"When I have paid off the mortgage!"

“等我償清貸款的時候！”

"When I get a promotion."

“等我官升高任的時候！”

"When I reach the age of retirement, I shall live happily ever after!"

“等我到了退休的時候，就可以從此過上幸福的生活啦！”

Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream. It constantly outdistances us.

可是我們終究會認(rèn)識到人生的旅途中并沒有車站， 也沒有能夠“一到永逸”的地方！生活的真正樂趣在于旅行的過程，而車站不過是個夢，它始終遙遙領(lǐng)先于我們！

"Relish the moment "is a good motto, especially when coupled with Psalm 118：24: "This is the day which the Lord hath made; we will rejoice and be glad in it." It isn't the burdens of today that drive men mad. It is the regrets over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.

“享受現(xiàn)在”是句很好的箴言，尤其是當(dāng)它與《圣經(jīng)·詩篇》中第118頁24行的一段話相映襯的時候，更是如此：“今日乃主所創(chuàng)造；生活在今日我們將歡欣、高興！”真正讓人發(fā)瘋的不是今日的負(fù)擔(dān)，而是對昨日的悔恨及對明日的恐懼！悔恨與恐懼是一對孿生竊賊，將今天從你我身邊偷走！

So stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles. Instead, climb more

mountains, eat more ice cream, go barefoot more often, swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more, cry less. Life must be lived as we go along. The station will come soon enough.

所以不要在過道里徘徊了吧，別老惦記著你離車站還有多遠(yuǎn)！何不換一種活法，多去爬爬山，多吃點(diǎn)兒冰淇淋甜甜嘴巴，經(jīng)常光著腳板兒溜達(dá)溜達(dá)，去河流里游游泳，多看看夕陽西下，多點(diǎn)歡笑，少點(diǎn)淚水！生活得一邊過一邊瞧！車站就會很快到達(dá)

英文散文翻譯篇二：散文翻譯的技巧

散文翻譯

一、散文的特點(diǎn)

散文是文學(xué)中常見的體裁,它選材廣泛,結(jié)構(gòu)靈活,表現(xiàn)手法多樣,如敘事!抒情!議論等,主要特點(diǎn)是：體物寫志,行散神聚。―形散―是指散文運(yùn)筆如風(fēng),不拘形式,清淡自然; ―神聚‖指意旨明確,緊湊集中,既散得開,又收得攏;既有豪放的特色,又有清幽的特征。真正的散文是充滿詩意的,就像蘋果里飽含著果汁一樣(巴烏斯托夫斯基語)。優(yōu)美的散文藝術(shù)性在于新穎的構(gòu)思,充沛的感情,豐富的想像,簡潔精粹的語言和耐人尋味的意境"散文也常常被比作小而境界深邃的園林。作者運(yùn)筆看似信手拈來,實(shí)則字斟句酌,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,使讀者浮想聯(lián)翩。文論家劉勰說道: ―情動而言行,理發(fā)而文見‖,由此可見散文貴在以巧取勝,以巧妙的語言、巧的意境來打動讀者,給讀者以最大審美愉悅。既然散文有豐富的藝術(shù)魅力,那么它的審美效果又如何在譯文中傳達(dá)呢?俄國著名翻譯家吉加切奇拉澤在《文藝翻譯與文學(xué)交流》一書中談到文藝翻譯的總的指導(dǎo)原則時認(rèn)為:―理想的文藝翻譯首先是在藝術(shù)上,而不是在語言上和原文一致。即使達(dá)不到這一目標(biāo),也應(yīng)全力以求,離目標(biāo)越近越好‖。在加氏看來,作家的思想表現(xiàn)在文字形象以及一定的語調(diào)和節(jié)奏結(jié)構(gòu)上，每個句子由若干語調(diào)、意群或若干句素組成,它們的意義合構(gòu)成句子。因此,他認(rèn)為文藝翻譯的過程也應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)上面的模式進(jìn)行。不過譯者不能機(jī)械地重復(fù)創(chuàng)作過程的所有階段，譯者應(yīng)努力把通過文字形象表達(dá)的原作的思想用另一種語言再現(xiàn)出來,當(dāng)然同時要有兼顧文學(xué)文本所特有的語調(diào)、節(jié)奏和句構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，作為文學(xué)翻譯形式之一的散文翻譯,自然也要求譯者在傳譯過程中,不僅要傳達(dá)出原文的語流!節(jié)奏和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等語義信息,更應(yīng)著重傳達(dá)原文的藝術(shù)神韻,以使目標(biāo)讀者在讀譯文時可以獲得和原文讀者讀原文時同樣的語義和美學(xué)的雙重享受。

二、散文英譯

以張培基的《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》為例：

(一)句子短小精悍,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單

從理論上說,英語語言與漢語語言相比,英語句子―常常是環(huán)扣相嵌,盤根錯節(jié),句中有句‖,也就是所謂的―樓房建筑法‖(architecture style) 。而漢語以散句、松句、緊縮句、省略句、流水句等短句居多[4 ] (P48 - 49) �？梢�,在漢英翻譯中,使用英語長句是理所當(dāng)然的,也是符合語言規(guī)律的。

但在張先生英譯的散文中,英語短句卻屢見不鮮,正是這些短句的使用,形成了張先生譯文―質(zhì)樸‖的風(fēng)格。在《差不多先生》( Mr. About - the - Same) 一文中,有這么一段話:

差不多先生的相貌和你和我差不多。他有一雙眼睛,但看的不很清楚;有兩只耳朵,但聽得不很分明; 有鼻子和嘴,但他對于氣味和口味都不很講究。他的腦子也不小,但他的記性卻不很精明,他的思想也不很細(xì)密。

Mr. Cha Buduo has the same physiognomy as you and I. | |He has a pair of eyes ,but doesn’t see clearly. | | He has a pair ofears ,but doesn’t hear well. | | He has a nose and a mouth ,butlacks a keen sense of smell and taste. | | His brain is none toosmall , but he is weak in memory and sloppy inthinking. (P18 - 26)

譯文句子多為簡單句和并列句,譯文干凈、利落,通俗易懂,給人一種清爽自然之美,而沒有盤根錯節(jié)之迷惑。

(二)用詞簡單、通俗

張培基先生在翻譯散文時, 很少使用生僻詞( bigwords) ,主要使用普通的形容詞、副詞和動詞等,以達(dá)到言簡意賅。例如:

1. 他的腦子也不小,但他的記性卻不很精明,他的思想也不很細(xì)密。———《差不多先生傳》His brain is none too small ,but he is weak in memory and sloppy in thinking.

2. 他用兩手攀著上面,兩腳再向上縮;他肥胖的身子向左微傾。??過鐵道時,他先將橘子散放在地上,自己慢慢爬下,再抱起橘子走。———《背影》His hands held onto the upper part of the platform ,his legs huddled up and his corpulent body tipped slightly towards the left , ??In crossing the railway track,he first put the tangerines on the ground ,climbed down slowly and then picked them up again.

3. 燕子去了,有再來的時候; 楊柳枯了,有再青的時候;桃花謝了,有再開的時候。但是,聰明的,你告訴我,我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢? ———《匆匆》If swallows go away ,they will come back again. If willows wither,they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade,they will flower again. But ,tell me ,you the wise ,why should our days go by never to return ?

從以上的摘錄我們可以看出,張先生翻譯的風(fēng)格用詞方面樸實(shí)無華,對保存原文風(fēng)格起到至關(guān)重要的作用。

(三)修辭上力求通俗易懂

一般說來,散文中修辭格用得相當(dāng)少。但張培基先生在翻譯中對于這一小部分語言要素也不忽略,認(rèn)真處理,使譯文沒有生硬的感覺。例如:

1. 他也說我一天不寫文章第二天就沒有飯吃。 ———《朋友》(借代)

He also says that I would have nothing to live on once I should lay down my pen.

意譯法處理該句符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣,如直譯為―have no rice to eat‖,一定會引起歧義,讓人費(fèi)解。

2. 弓兒似的新月,掛在樹梢。———《笑》(明喻)

The crescent new moon looked as if hanging on the tips of the trees.

譯文仍然用比喻的修辭手法翻譯原文的比喻,但卻轉(zhuǎn)移了喻體, ―弓兒似的‖如果直譯成bow - like ,看似形象,但不符合英語對新月的描述習(xí)慣,譯文將比喻落在了動作上,形象地再現(xiàn)了―新月掛樹梢‖的樣子。

3. 木匠老陳那時不過四十歲光景,臉長得像驢子臉。 ———《木匠老陳》Carpenter Lao Chen was then only about forty years old ,with a longish face like that of a donkey ??

此句采用直譯法,既傳達(dá)了意愿,又兼顧了譯文的習(xí)慣。

4. 什么有輪齒的鋸子啦,有兩個耳朵的刨子啦? ———《木匠老陳》(暗

喻)

such as the saw with toothed blade ,the plane with two ear -like handles.增詞法符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

以上例句對修辭的處理恰到好處,把原文的修辭意義用樸實(shí)地道的語言表現(xiàn)了出來,與散文文體本身的風(fēng)格是一致的。

（四）邏輯關(guān)系清晰

英語通常采用形合法連接,而漢語卻用意合法連接。也就是說,英語造句用各種―形式手段‖來連接詞、語、分句或從句,注重顯性接應(yīng),表達(dá)語法意義和邏輯關(guān)系;而漢語通過詞語或分句的―含義‖表達(dá)語法意義和邏輯關(guān)系。漢譯英至關(guān)重要的一步就是弄清漢語各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。張培基先生在翻譯散文時,使用適當(dāng)?shù)木湫捅憩F(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系,譯文通俗易懂。例如:

1. 那年冬天,祖母死了,父親的差使也交卸了,正是禍不單行的日子。 ———《背影》Misfortunes never come singly. In the winter of more than two years ago ,grandma died and father lost his job.

原文事實(shí)在前,結(jié)論在后;譯文結(jié)論在前,事實(shí)在后。調(diào)整結(jié)論與事實(shí)的順序,更符合西方人邏輯思維習(xí)慣。

2. 世代為地主耕種,家境是貧窮的,和我們來往的朋友也都是老老實(shí)實(shí)的貧苦農(nóng)民。———《母親的回憶》From generation to generation ,they tilled land for landlords only to eke out a bare subsistence.

―only to‖表明一種結(jié)果關(guān)系。

3. 可是她的時間大半給家務(wù)和耕種占去了,沒法照顧孩子,只好讓孩子們在地里爬著�！�——《母親的回憶》But she was too busily occupied with household chores and farming to look after the kids so that they were left alone crawling about in the fields.

too…to表示一種邏輯上的因果關(guān)系, so that 表示結(jié)果。

(五)對文化障礙進(jìn)行增補(bǔ)或詮釋

文化因素如果處理不當(dāng),就會成為理解的障礙。對于散文來說,任何令人費(fèi)解的成分都是應(yīng)該清除的。張培基先生采用了增詞法、意譯法等消除了這些障礙。例如:

1. 有時也兼做點(diǎn)農(nóng)作, 芒種的時節(jié), 便幫人家插秧. ———《為奴隸的母親》Sometimes he also worked in the fields ;early each summer he turned farm – hand.

芒種是中國的24 節(jié)氣之一,直譯法必須加注,否則會讓人費(fèi)解,意譯法簡潔明了。

2.那真是祖宗三代的楣都要倒盡,那里還有什么―官人請! 娘子請!‖的唱隨之樂可說呢? ———《談結(jié)婚》With such a terrible misfortune be falling your family , how could you still have wedded bliss to speak of ?

―官人請! 娘子請!‖是中國文化表達(dá)閨房之樂的典型例子,如果直譯,西方人一定會茫然不知其意。用類屬詞就克服了文化差異。

3. 他姓差,名不多�！�——《差不多先生傳》His surname is Cha and his given name ,Buduo ,which altogether mean―About the Same‖.

此句用增補(bǔ)法,補(bǔ)充了中文―差不多‖的意義,目的語讀者就能理解這篇文章的中心內(nèi)容了。

文化因素經(jīng)過合理處理,以讀者能夠理解的形式進(jìn)入目的語。對保存散文―質(zhì)

樸‖的風(fēng)格也起了很大的作用。

(六) 再以朱自清的《荷塘月色》為例，來看散文翻譯的

節(jié)奏和意境的傳遞： 曲曲折折的荷塘上面,彌望的是田田的葉子。葉子出水很高,像亭亭的舞女的裙。層層的葉子中間,零星的點(diǎn)綴著些白花,有裊娜地開著的;有羞澀地打著朵兒的;正如一粒粒的明珠,又如碧天里的星星,又如剛出浴的美人。微風(fēng)過處,送來縷縷清香,仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的。

All over this winding stretch of water, what meets the eye is a silken field of leaves, reaching rather high above the surface, like the skirts of dancing girls in all their grace. Here and there, layers of leaves are dotted with white lotus blossoms, some in demure bloom, others in shy bud, like scattering pearls, or twinkling stars, or beauties just out of the bath. A breeze stirs, sending over breaths of fragrance, like faint singing drifting from a distant building.

原文共有四個句子,結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜,語調(diào)平和,節(jié)奏舒緩.疊詞的交錯使用,使文章讀來富有音樂美,如―曲曲折折、田田、亭亭、層層、粒粒、縷縷、‖等具有明顯放慢節(jié)奏的功能。作者似乎在營造一種復(fù)雜的氛圍,表達(dá)―淡淡的喜悅、淡淡的憂愁"譯者也是著意塑造一種幽雅、恬靜的意境,選用winding stretch把蜿蜒曲折的荷塘、一望無際的荷塘夜景呈現(xiàn)給讀者;也會

使讀者想到荷葉像絲綢那般輕盈美麗,同時也增添了朦朧感;非常形象地傳達(dá)了原文的神韻,風(fēng)姿綽約的舞女形象飄然而至,譯出了原文的內(nèi)含;breaths of fragrance譯―縷縷清香‖完全活化出了這一段,讀者仿佛能透過紙背聞到荷花的清香.譯者在用詞上是下了工夫的,用小詞譯深意,以常用詞寫景,表達(dá)非常之心境.整段譯文用詞豐富\聲調(diào)悅耳,完美而準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了原作者的心情.從音節(jié)上來看,詞匯以單音節(jié)為主,間或有多音節(jié),使譯文讀來錯落有致,舒緩有度,富有變化"可以說譯者從音、形、義等層面均成功再現(xiàn)了原文的情韻。

篇章節(jié)奏是一種語言組織現(xiàn)象,有規(guī)律的重復(fù),行成一種感覺,營造一種氣氛,激起一種感情。節(jié)奏一般包括押韻、長短句的分布、對偶、排比和重復(fù)等。原文的節(jié)奏在譯文里可以用平行結(jié)構(gòu)和借助音律、頭韻、變語等修辭手段來傳遞其美學(xué)效果"請看下面的引文:

我愛熱鬧,也愛冷靜;愛群居,也愛獨(dú)處

I like a serene and peaceful life, as much as a busy and active one; I like being solitude, as much as in company.

原文結(jié)構(gòu)對稱,表達(dá)作者自己對自由而安寧的生活的向往.譯者用了兩個非常巧妙地把前后部分緊密地連接起來,不但保留原文的平行結(jié)構(gòu),原文的韻味藏于字里行間,也傳遞了原文的均衡美.

三、散文漢譯

下面以英國著名學(xué)者和文學(xué)家本?約翰森的的名篇《致切斯菲爾德伯爵書》為例探討散文翻譯的若干技巧。

《致切斯菲爾德伯爵書》原文：

My Lord(1)，

I have been lately informed, by the proprietor of The World(2), that two Papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the Public(3), were written by your Lordship. To be so distinguished, is an honor(4), which, being very little accustomed to(5) favors from the Great(6), I know not well how to receive, or

in what terms to acknowledge(7).

When, upon some slight encouragement(8), I first visited your Lordship, I was overpowered, like the rest of Mankind(9), by the enchantment of your address; and could not forbear(10) to wish that I might boast myself Le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre (11)— that I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world(12) contending; but I found my attendance(13) so little encouraged, that neither pride nor modesty would suffer(14) me to continue it.(15)

When I had once addressed your Lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncouthly scholar(16) can possess. I had done all that I could; and no Man is well pleased to have his all(17) neglected, be it ever so little.

Seven years, My Lord, have now past, since I waited in your outward Rooms, or was repulsed from your Door(18); during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties, of which it is useless to complain(19), and have brought it, at last, to the verge of Publication, without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favor(20). Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a Patron before.

The Shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a Native of the Rocks(21).

Is not a Patron, My Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help?(22) The notice which you have been pleased to take of my Labors,(23) had it been early, (24) had been kind; but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary,(25) and cannot impart it; till I am known, and do not want it(26). I hope it is no very cynical asperity(27) not to confess obligations(28) where no benefit has been received, or to be unwilling that the Public should consider me as owing that to a Patron, which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.(29)

Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligation to any Favorer of Learning,(30) I shall not be disappointed though I should conclude it(31), if less be possible, with less; or I have been long wakened from that dream of hope, in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation(32), My Lord, Your Lordship’s Most Humble,

Most Obedient Servant,

Sam: Johnson

February 7,1755

伯爵大人：

近日從《世界報(bào)》館主得知，該報(bào)刊載了兩篇文章，對拙編詞典頗多舉薦濫美之詞，這些文章?lián)�悉均出自閣下您的手筆。承蒙您如此的推崇，本應(yīng)是一種榮耀，只可惜在下自來無緣得到王公大人的青睞，所以真不知道該如何來領(lǐng)受這份榮耀，也不知道該用些什么言辭來聊表謝意。

英文散文翻譯篇三：篇章翻譯-散文漢譯英

篇章翻譯（漢譯英）

1.

幸福

許多人認(rèn)為當(dāng)他們富有，取得成功時，幸福自然就會隨之而來。我告訴你：事實(shí)并非如此。世界上有很多富人，但是他們卻很痛苦，猶如生活在地獄中。在我看來，如果你是通過運(yùn)氣或是不誠實(shí)的手段而獲得錢財(cái)，你會知道那并不是辛苦掙來的錢；如果通過利用別人或是傷害別人而獲得錢財(cái)，你不會因此高興。你會認(rèn)為自己是個卑鄙的人。長期的幸福是建立在誠實(shí)，有成果的工作，貢獻(xiàn)和自尊的基石上的。

幸福并不是終點(diǎn)，而是種過程。那是一個持續(xù)地通過誠實(shí)，有成果的工作為他人奉獻(xiàn)的過程，這樣做也會讓你感到自己是一個有用的且有價(jià)值的人。如果你等待某些事情的發(fā)生或依靠生活的外部環(huán)境來讓你自己感到幸福，你總也不會感到滿足�？倳�有些事與你失之交臂

On Happiness

1

Many people think that when they become rich and successful，happiness will naturally follow.Let me tell you that nothing is further from the truth.The world is full of very rich people who are miserable as if they were living in hell.

To my mind，If you obtain wealth through luck or dishonest means，you will know that it is ill earned money .If you get your money by taking advantage of others or by hurting others, you will not be happy with it.You will think you are a base person. Long－term happiness is based on honesty， productive work， contribution， and self－esteem.

Happiness is not an end; it is a process.It is a continuous process of honest， productive work which makes a real contribution to others and makes you feel you are a useful, worthy person. If you wait for certain things to happen and depend on external circumstances of life to make you happy, you will always feel unfulfilled. There will always be something missing.

。

2. 行路難，但人生之路誰都要走。有的人在趕路，心急切切，步急匆匆。眼中只有目標(biāo)卻忽略了風(fēng)景�？陕诽鎏霾恢�哪兒是終點(diǎn)。有的人如游客，不急不慌，走走停停，看花開花落，看云卷云舒，有時也在風(fēng)中走，雨中行，心卻像張開的網(wǎng)，放過焦躁苦惱。

人生之路誰不走？只是走路別忽略了一路的良辰美景。

2. To go on a journey is often full of hardships, but so long as one lives he proceeds on his life’s journey. Different people go along differently. Some take hasty steps in anxiety. Obsessed with reaching the next goal in time, they spare no time for sightseeing along the way, nor do they have a clear view of where their long roads end.

Others travel leisurely like tourists. They would take time off now and then for a look at blooming flowers or fallen petals. They would stop to admire clouds gathering and dispersing. Even when they go against the wind or are caught in the rain, they never get annoyed, for worries slip off their minds as from an open net.

Everyone goes his way in life. What makes a difference is: does he have a pleasant trip enjoying the landscape along the way?

3. 我最大的愛好是沉思默想。我可以一個人長時間地獨(dú)處而感到愉快。獨(dú)享歡樂是一種愉快，獨(dú)自憂傷也是一種愉快。孤獨(dú)的時候，精神不會是一片純粹的空白，它仍然是一個豐富多彩的世界。情緒上的大歡樂和大悲痛往往都是在孤獨(dú)中產(chǎn)生的。孤獨(dú)中，思維可以不依照邏輯進(jìn)行。孤獨(dú)更多地產(chǎn)生人生的詩情——激昂的和傷感的。孤獨(dú)可以使人的思想向更遙遠(yuǎn)更深邃的地方伸展，也能使你對自己或環(huán)境作更透徹的認(rèn)識和檢討。

3. My greatest avocation is musing. I can stay by myself for a long time without feeling disconsolate in the least. Happiness enjoyed alone is a pleasure, so is sorrow tasted privately. In solitude, the mind is not a complete blank; it remains a rich and colorful world. Solitude often induces ecstasy or anguish, and allows thinking to wander in a random way. She inspires the mood for poems, passionate or pathetic. She also enables people to think further and deeper and to have a more thorough understanding and examination of themselves and their environment.

4. 一個人的生命究竟有多大意義。這有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以衡量嗎? 提出一個絕對的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)當(dāng)然很困難；但是，大體上看一個人對待生命的態(tài)度是否嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真，看他對待工作、生活的態(tài)度如何，也就不難對這個人的存在意義做出適當(dāng)?shù)墓烙?jì)了。 古來一切有成就的人，都很嚴(yán)肅地對待自己的生命，當(dāng)他活著一天，總要盡量多勞動、多工作、多學(xué)習(xí)，不肯虛度年華，不讓時間白白地浪費(fèi)掉。我國歷代的勞動人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。

meaning of one’s existence his attitudes are towards work and life．

，all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously，．．

5. 大自然對人的恩賜。無論貧富，一律平等。所以人們對于大自然，全都一致并深深地依賴著。尤其在鄉(xiāng)間，上千年來人們一直以不變的方式生活著。種植莊稼和葡萄，釀酒和飲酒，喂牛和擠奶，鋤草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈禱和做禮拜，在節(jié)日到廣場拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田園依舊是今日的溫馨家園。這樣．每個地方都有自己的傳說。風(fēng)俗也就衍傳了下來。

5. The gifts of nature are equally granted to all human beings, be they rich or poor．Hence human beings are all heavily dependent on nature for livelihood．This is particularly true of rural communities where people have lived in the same way for thousands of years．They plant crops and grapes, brew and drink wine，feed and milk cows，weed gardens and grow flowers．They go to church for prayer on weekends, play the violin．sing and dance on squares at festivals．The age—old farmland remains the sweet home of today．Thus, every part of the world has its own folklores that are handed down together with its customs．

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