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煙葉可持續(xù)發(fā)展計(jì)劃(STP)的解讀及其對(duì)貴州煙葉生產(chǎn)的啟示

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-26 來(lái)源: 散文精選 點(diǎn)擊:

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  摘要:為了與煙葉行業(yè)共同應(yīng)對(duì)來(lái)自社會(huì)各方面的壓力,國(guó)際卷煙制造商制定了煙葉可持續(xù)發(fā)展計(jì)劃(Sustainable Tobacco Programme,STP)來(lái)促進(jìn)煙葉產(chǎn)業(yè)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。該計(jì)劃通過(guò)對(duì)煙葉供應(yīng)商進(jìn)行一系列考核來(lái)判斷其生產(chǎn)、管理過(guò)程是否符合要求;考核內(nèi)容包含加工和農(nóng)藝兩版塊,兩個(gè)版塊各由四大領(lǐng)域組成,每個(gè)領(lǐng)域包含多項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),判斷供應(yīng)商是否符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由指標(biāo)的完成情況來(lái)反映。貴州省于2016年底選取了遵義和黔西南州兩個(gè)煙葉基地作為試點(diǎn)開(kāi)始試推STP,通過(guò)在正式評(píng)估之前進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估、自評(píng)估和對(duì)照整改,并對(duì)下一階段的STP工作提出了四點(diǎn)建議,可為貴州下一步全面推進(jìn)STP提供參考。
  關(guān)鍵詞:煙葉;可持續(xù);正式評(píng)估;自評(píng)估;貴州
  Interpretation of Sustainable Tobacco Programme and Its Enlightenment to Tobacco Production in Guizhou
  CHEN Qiu shi1,LI Zhi tao 2*,SUN Guang jun3,WANG Xia4,ZHANG Xin1,JIAO Jia guo1
 。1.College of resources and environmental sciences, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;2.China National Tobacco Import and export Corporation Guizhou Provincial Company, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China;3.China National Tobacco Corporation Guizhou Provincial Company, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China;4.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China)
  Abstract: In order to cope with the pressure from all aspects of society to the tobacco industry, international cigarette manufacturers have developed the Sustainable Tobacco Programme (STP) to promote the stable development of the tobacco industry. The plan judges whether the production and management process meets the requirements through a series of assessments of tobacco suppliers. The assessment includes two major sections of processing and agronomy. Whether the supplier meets the criteria is reflected by the completion of the indicator. At the end of 2016, two tobacco bases in Zunyi and Qianxinan, Guizhou province was selected as pilots to test STP. Through risk assessment, self assessment and rectification before the formal assessment, four suggestions were proposed for the next phase of STP work, which might provide a reference to Guizhou to comprehensively promote STP.
  Key words:tobacco; sustainable development; formal assessment; self assessment; Guizhou
  1STP產(chǎn)生背景
  煙葉是煙草行業(yè)賴以生存和發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)[1]。目前,我國(guó)的煙草行業(yè)面臨著禁煙、入市壓力困難、承擔(dān)扶貧責(zé)任、環(huán)境保護(hù)等許多方面的壓力,因此實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展是煙草行業(yè)穩(wěn)定前行的需要,事關(guān)發(fā)展的全局[2-4]。
  2001年以英美煙草公司為首的卷煙制造商提出煙草社會(huì)責(zé)任(Social Responsibility in Tobacco Production,SRTP),接著2002年菲利普·莫里斯公司又推出實(shí)施煙草良好農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)范(Good Agricultural Practices,GAP),從此,產(chǎn)品安全、環(huán)境保護(hù)、員工福利和可持續(xù)發(fā)展四大要素已經(jīng)成為全球煙草追求的目標(biāo)。隨后我國(guó)煙草行業(yè)也迅速引入以上管理理念,貴州省于2001年在黔西南州煙區(qū)開(kāi)展SRTP應(yīng)用的工作[5],又于2005年在遵義煙區(qū)實(shí)施GAP試點(diǎn)[6]。為了煙草行業(yè)的發(fā)展與生態(tài)、社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一,2015年英美煙草公司、帝國(guó)煙草集團(tuán)、日本煙草國(guó)際、菲利普·莫里斯國(guó)際、雷諾和瑞典火柴公司六家世界卷煙制造商與英國(guó)AB Sustain公司合作,在SRTP與GAP的體系內(nèi)容基礎(chǔ)上合作創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)綜合的煙葉可持續(xù)發(fā)展計(jì)劃(Sustainable Tobacco Programme,STP),即在高效生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉過(guò)程中,盡量減少對(duì)自然環(huán)境的影響,提高煙葉生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中參與的人及團(tuán)體的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。貴州省于2016年選取了遵義和黔西南州兩個(gè)煙葉基地作為試點(diǎn)開(kāi)始試推STP。

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