土壤質(zhì)地與烤煙化學成分關系分析
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-23 來源: 散文精選 點擊:
摘 要:為了探明不同土壤質(zhì)地對煙葉化學成分的影響,為優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的生產(chǎn)提供理論依據(jù),以云煙87為試驗材料,對紫色土、黃壤土、黃棕壤土和石灰土4中不同類型土壤的理化性質(zhì)與烤后煙葉化學成分的差異進行相關性分析。結(jié)果表明:不同土壤的耕層厚度、速效氮、速效磷及速效鉀差異顯著,紫色與黃棕壤土兩者烤后樣的碳和氮化合物及氯含量差異不顯著,與石灰土、黃壤土差異顯著。典型相關分析表明,煙葉化學成分與黃壤土土壤耕層質(zhì)地、黃棕壤土的土壤耕層質(zhì)地和有機質(zhì)及速效鉀、石灰土的土壤有機質(zhì)及速效氮、紫色土的pH值及速效氮關系密切。
關鍵詞:烤煙;土壤質(zhì)地;化學成分;典型相關分析
中圖分類號:S572.01 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2017)08-0015-05
Abstract:This study was to test the influence of different soils and their textures on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves, and to provide experimental data for the production of quality tobacco, by correlation analysis on the physical and chemical properties of 4 different soils and the difference of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco, with Yunyan 87 as the tested variety. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the topsoil thickness, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of the different soils, but no significant difference in the contents of carbon and nitrogen and chlorine in baked samples of the purple soil and yellowish-brown soil which were significantly different from lime soil and yellow soil. The chemical composition of tobacco leaves was closely correlated with the topsoil texture of yellow soil, the topsoil texture, organic content and available potassium of yellowish-brown soil, the organic content and available nitrogen of limestone soil, and the available nitrogen and pH of purple soil. The soil texture, organic matter, available nitrogen, potassium and pH had great effect on the chemical components of flue-cured tobacco.
Key words:flue-cured tobacco; soil texture; chemical composition; canonical correlation analysis
土壤是一切植物營養(yǎng)生長的基本點,同時還是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物質(zhì)與能量交換的重要場所。優(yōu)質(zhì)煙生產(chǎn)需要良好的土壤環(huán)境和質(zhì)量作基礎[1]。在煙葉生產(chǎn)過程中,土壤為煙葉提供所需的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),影響煙葉化學成分的積累與轉(zhuǎn)化[2-3]。因此,研究土壤的理化性質(zhì)對煙葉質(zhì)量的影響,對于煙葉質(zhì)量風格的彰顯以及經(jīng)濟效益的提升有著重要作用[4]。土壤的種類及土壤的理化性質(zhì)與烤煙的產(chǎn)質(zhì)量、化學成分、抽吸品質(zhì)及煙葉的工業(yè)可用性密切相關 [5-6]。土壤肥力質(zhì)量好,保證了烤煙生長所需的水分、肥料、氣體和熱量的供應;而土壤結(jié)構(gòu)良好,才能滿足水、肥、氣、熱的需要[7];土壤結(jié)構(gòu)和肥力影響到烤煙根系生長、保水排水能力、土壤耕性、養(yǎng)分協(xié)調(diào)供應等方面。研究表明,煙葉總糖含量與土壤有機質(zhì)含量顯著相關[8];煙葉總氮、煙堿和蛋白質(zhì)的含量受到土壤中含氮物質(zhì)及相應酶的影響[9];砂壤土種植的煙葉烘烤后煙葉色素降解充分、化學成分協(xié)調(diào),品質(zhì)優(yōu)于砂土和膠泥土的煙葉[10];土壤對煙葉化學成分含量占主導作用,氣候?qū)熑~鉀氯比影響較大[11]。目前,關于不同類型土壤對煙葉質(zhì)量影響的研究鮮見報道。為此,筆者研究了不同類型植煙土壤理化性質(zhì)對烤后煙葉化學成分的影響,為解決畢節(jié)地區(qū)煙葉生產(chǎn)中肥料施用不當、產(chǎn)質(zhì)量不足的問題提供依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗材料
試驗于2006~2009年在畢節(jié)煙區(qū)同一海拔高度地區(qū)開展,供試土壤分別為紫色土、黃壤土、黃棕壤土和石灰土;供試品種為云煙87,種植行距120 cm,株距50 cm。煙葉長勢均勻,無病蟲害發(fā)生,田間管理按優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙栽培生產(chǎn)技術規(guī)范進行。以中部煙葉(第7~11位葉)為試驗材料,成熟采收后將葉片放置在烤房的相同層位進行烘烤。試驗采用5點取樣法采集土樣,檢測其耕層厚度、耕層質(zhì)地、pH值以及有機質(zhì)、速效磷、速效氮和速效鉀的含量。并選取采樣點烤后C3F煙葉5 kg為樣品,進行化學成分分析。
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