羅素散文
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-02-02 來(lái)源: 散文精選 點(diǎn)擊:
羅素散文篇一:羅素散文《我們?cè)撨x擇死亡嗎?》賞析
羅素散文《我們?cè)撨x擇死亡嗎?》賞析
文章作者伯特蘭·羅素是二十世紀(jì)英國(guó)哲學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家、邏輯學(xué)家、歷史學(xué)家,無(wú)神論或者不可知論者,是上世紀(jì)西方最著名、影響最大的學(xué)者和和平主義社會(huì)活動(dòng)家之一,也被認(rèn)為是與弗雷格、維特根斯坦和懷特海一同創(chuàng)建了分析哲學(xué)。他與懷特海合著的《數(shù)學(xué)原理》對(duì)邏輯學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、集合論、語(yǔ)言學(xué)和分析哲學(xué)有著巨大影響。1950年,獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng),以表彰其“多樣且重要的作品,持續(xù)不斷的追求人道主義理想和思想自由”
作者寫(xiě)作的時(shí)代背景是:資本主義的到來(lái)讓世界各國(guó)因?yàn)闋?zhēng)奪國(guó)家利益發(fā)動(dòng)各種戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),讓各國(guó)人們苦不堪言,1918年第一次世界大戰(zhàn)和1945年第二次世界大戰(zhàn)相繼結(jié)束,1948年第一次中東戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā),1950年朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)等等一系列大型戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。隨著科技的進(jìn)步戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)武器給人類帶來(lái)的危害越來(lái)越大。
在文章寫(xiě)法上,作者運(yùn)用了大量修辭手法讓文章文字生動(dòng)、情感強(qiáng)烈、富有感染力。如:
第一段中的:“I am speaking not as a Briton, not as a European, not as a western democracy, but as a human being, a menber of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubt.”用的是間接重復(fù)(Intermittent repetition)和掉尾句(Periodic sentences)間接重復(fù)使感情逐漸強(qiáng)烈,掉尾句突出作者表達(dá)的中心。
第二段中的“We have to learn to think in a new way. We have to learn to ask ourseves not .....”用的是句首重復(fù),使文章朗朗上口,強(qiáng)調(diào)了作者感情。
第三段中的“It is understood that the new bombs are mote powerful than the old and thar, while one atomic bomb could obliterate Hiroshima, one hydrogen bomb could obliterate the largest cities such as London, New York, and Moscow.”用的是掉尾句(Periodic sentences),在開(kāi)頭重點(diǎn)指出新炸彈比舊炸彈更具威力,帶來(lái)的毀滅性也更大。
第五段中的“For countless ages the sun rose and set, the moon waxed and waned, the stars shome in the night,”用的是排比(Parallelism)手法,突出了宇宙的漫長(zhǎng)與深?yuàn)W,人類出現(xiàn)并認(rèn)識(shí)宇宙的時(shí)間太晚。
“Is our race so destitute of wisdom, so incapable of impartial love, so blind even to the simplst dictates of self-persevation,....”用的是句首重復(fù)(Anaphara)和層進(jìn)法(Climax),逐漸強(qiáng)烈的表達(dá)了人類的盲目。
文章框架分為四個(gè)部分:
第一段表明了作者的講演身份:能否繼續(xù)生存下去的人類的一員和主題:世界充滿爭(zhēng)斗。第二段寫(xiě)了該如何做即采取什么措施來(lái)避免軍事競(jìng)賽。 第三到第四段寫(xiě)了氫彈戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)帶來(lái)的毀滅性危害。
第五到第六段作者極力呼吁人們明白人類是值得保全的以及暫時(shí)忘掉爭(zhēng)吵,結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),進(jìn)行反省,記住人性,忘掉其余。
整篇文章的思想是:
通過(guò)對(duì)氫彈戰(zhàn)這一典型的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)毀滅品危害性的描述,呼吁人類不要再盲目下去,不再為了利益發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),而應(yīng)記住人性,給人類更多的無(wú)私的愛(ài),結(jié)束一切可怕的軍事競(jìng)賽,讓人類時(shí)代和諧地延續(xù)下去。
讀完文章后,其中有很多讓人深思的句子如:
No one knows how widely such lethal radioactive particles might be disffused, but the best authorities are unanimous in saying that a war with hydrogen bombs is quite likely to put an end to the human race. It is feared that if many hydrogen bombs are used there will be universal death sudden only for a fortunate minority, but for the majority a slow torture of disease and disintegration...這段文字雖然沒(méi)有正面細(xì)致描寫(xiě)氫彈戰(zhàn)給人類帶來(lái)的種種痛苦,但是寥寥數(shù)語(yǔ)就可以讓人感受到氫彈戰(zhàn)的可怕與帶給人類的后患,側(cè)面寫(xiě)出了停止軍事競(jìng)賽的必要性與重要性。
In art and literature and religion, some men have shown a sublimity of feeling which makes the species worth preserving.寫(xiě)出了再某些藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、宗教領(lǐng)域里還是有人懂得人類是值得保全懂得,說(shuō)明在世界的某些角落還是有人明白發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的愚昧,只要我們將這種人性思想推廣,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的停止是有希望的,地球走向一個(gè)新的天堂是有希望的。
Is our race so destitute of wisdom, so incapable of impartial love, so blind even to the simplst dictates of self-persevation, that the last proof of its silly celeverness is to be the extermination of all life on our planet?-for it will be not noly men who will perish, but also the animals, whom no one can accuse of communisn or anticommunism. 現(xiàn)在人類都還太缺乏智慧和無(wú)私的愛(ài),不斷因?yàn)閲?guó)家利益而發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),但是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中用的毀滅性的武器遲早有一天會(huì)讓人類被消滅,如果人類能夠從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始明白這一點(diǎn),結(jié)束那無(wú)休止的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的話,一切都還有救。這是值得人們深思的問(wèn)題。 If you can do so, the way lies open to a new paradise; if you cannot, nothing lies before you but universal death. 人類如果可以記住人性,讓?xiě)?zhàn)爭(zhēng)這個(gè)詞從此消失,那么我們是可以擁有一個(gè)新的天堂的,否則只有全世界的毀滅。面對(duì)這樣的忠告,以及這樣的無(wú)法想象的后果,我們真的應(yīng)該好好反省軍事競(jìng)賽這種盲目的行為。
讀完這篇文章后,我對(duì)“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”這個(gè)詞有了新的認(rèn)識(shí),也意識(shí)到我們到底該做些什么。
首先,明確意識(shí)到了:戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給人們帶來(lái)的只有身體和心靈的傷害,應(yīng)該堅(jiān)決反對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),不管是任何理由,只要全世界的人民都有這種意識(shí),戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)又從何而來(lái)呢?
其次,美國(guó)這個(gè)國(guó)家,侵略成性,在世界上到處殺人放火,輸出暴力,惡棍強(qiáng)盜,大賣軍火大搶石油,對(duì)中國(guó)和平崛起恨之入骨,在全世界輸出資本主義制度,,他在很大程度上是無(wú)數(shù)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之源。美國(guó)的目的歸根結(jié)底就是為國(guó)家利益不擇手段,甚至通過(guò)不惜先發(fā)動(dòng)后花大量資金重建或者直接挑起幾國(guó)之間的事端,從中進(jìn)行
軍火和資金的翻滾,坐收漁翁之利。做為世界第一強(qiáng)國(guó),更應(yīng)該反省這些為獲取利益而不惜人類存活為代價(jià)的方式。要知道,如果哪一天地球真的因?yàn)樗l(fā)動(dòng)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而毀滅,再多的金錢(qián)、石油,再發(fā)達(dá)的科技,再富裕的生活已經(jīng)沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)享受的時(shí)候,那時(shí)候已經(jīng)沒(méi)有后悔的機(jī)會(huì)了。還有其他很多國(guó)家,因?yàn)樽诮谭制、土地、水源等等而?jīng)常發(fā)生沖突或發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),結(jié)果戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不能解決問(wèn)題,帶來(lái)的確實(shí)超出人們想象的危害。這些國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)真的是時(shí)候反思這個(gè)關(guān)乎人類是否能夠繼續(xù)生存下去的問(wèn)題了。
最后,如果國(guó)家與國(guó)家之間有發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的可能性的時(shí)候,譬如這次的(轉(zhuǎn) 載于:www.newchangjing.com 蒲公 英文摘:羅素散文)中日釣魚(yú)島事件,我們可以通過(guò)各種途徑看到各種不恰當(dāng)?shù)膼?ài)國(guó)方式:大量學(xué)生上街游行示威,高舉不惜采用一切手段和日本對(duì)抗到底旗幟,許多店面掛出抵制日貨等臟話,大量各種各樣的人在街上發(fā)動(dòng)暴亂,砸毀日產(chǎn)汽車等產(chǎn)品。這些盲目的愛(ài)國(guó)方式,在他們看來(lái)或許是對(duì)的、有效的。但是作為大學(xué)生的我們更應(yīng)該理性愛(ài)國(guó),理性的去看待戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),更應(yīng)該呼吁和平相處,盡量避免戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但是要知道和平不是妥協(xié),要做到真正的和諧相處則需要兩國(guó)的相互配合或是國(guó)際制度的限制。
羅素散文篇二:羅素的文章
Three Passions
Bertrand Russell
Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy-ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it
relieves loneliness-that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what-at last-I have found.
With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine...A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But
always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.
This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.
羅素散文篇三:英語(yǔ)經(jīng)典文章 羅素美文
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:羅素 散文 羅素英文散文 最經(jīng)典的羅素散文誦讀
熱點(diǎn)文章閱讀