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美國(guó)西維吉尼亞大學(xué)健康教育課程經(jīng)驗(yàn)及其啟示

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-06-24 來源: 日記大全 點(diǎn)擊:


  摘 要:社會(huì)大眾對(duì)健康的迫切需求是美國(guó)實(shí)施“綜合性學(xué)校體育活動(dòng)計(jì)劃”的主要契機(jī),該計(jì)劃包含優(yōu)質(zhì)的學(xué)校體育課程、校內(nèi)體育活動(dòng)、校外體育活動(dòng)、教職工體育參與、家庭和社區(qū)參與方面的內(nèi)容,賦予體育教師新的職業(yè)角色和職責(zé),同時(shí)也引領(lǐng)美國(guó)體育教師教育的新趨向。介紹美國(guó)實(shí)施“綜合性學(xué)校體育活動(dòng)計(jì)劃”背景下西維吉尼亞大學(xué)健康教育課程的經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出對(duì)我國(guó)體育教師教育的建議:(1)體育素養(yǎng)養(yǎng)成應(yīng)是體育教師教育課程目標(biāo)的重要維度;(2)實(shí)踐導(dǎo)向的健康教育課程應(yīng)是我國(guó)體育教師教育的重要內(nèi)容;(3)高校與社會(huì)、中小學(xué)的協(xié)同合作是體育教師教育課程實(shí)施不可或缺的環(huán)節(jié)。
  關(guān) 鍵 詞:學(xué)校體育;健康教育課程;體育教師教育;綜合性學(xué)校體育活動(dòng)計(jì)劃;西維吉尼亞大學(xué)
  中圖分類號(hào):G807 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-7116(2018)02-0091-07
  Experiences of and inspirations from the health education curriculum of
  West Virginia University in the United States
  WANG Xian-mao,HE Yi,DONG Guo-yong
 。⊿chool of Physical Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)
  Abstract: Social masses’ urgent need for health is the main opportunity for the United States to implement the Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP), which contains such contents as high quality school physical education courses, on campus physical activities, off campus physical activities, staff sports participation, as well as family and community participation, gives physical education teachers a new professional role and re-sponsibility, and leads the new trend of physical education teacher education in the United States. The authors in-troduced the experiences of the health education curriculum of West Virginia University under the background of the United States implementing the CSPAP, and put forward the following suggestions for physical education teacher education in China: 1) sports attainment cultivation should be an important dimension in physical education teacher education curriculum objectives; 2) the practice-oriented health education curriculum should be an important content in physical education teacher education in China; 3) the coordinated cooperation between universities and society as well as elementary and middle schools is an indispensable link in physical education teacher education curriculum implementation.
  Key words: school physical education;health education curriculum;physical education teacher education;Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program;West Virginia University
  20世紀(jì)90年代,日益嚴(yán)重的青少年兒童肥胖病癥引起美國(guó)社會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)校體育促進(jìn)青少年兒童體育參與的重視,學(xué)校體育教育在公共健康領(lǐng)域地位不斷凸顯[1]。這引起美國(guó)社會(huì)對(duì)健康師資的迫切需求,大眾希望體育教師接受專門的健康教育和訓(xùn)練并為公共健康服務(wù)。然而,在此之前美國(guó)體育教師的工作職責(zé)主要還局限于體育教學(xué)的范疇,尚未涉足健康教育的領(lǐng)域[2]。現(xiàn)實(shí)需求引致美國(guó)體育教師教育關(guān)注公共健康領(lǐng)域,其中,由南卡羅來納大學(xué)Judith Rink主持的“綜合性學(xué)校體育活動(dòng)計(jì)劃”(Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program,CSPAP)以服務(wù)公共健康為指導(dǎo)思想,一方面整合家庭、社區(qū)、大學(xué)等主體,共同開發(fā)涵蓋全社會(huì)的學(xué)校體育活動(dòng)計(jì)劃,為青少年提供更多體育參與機(jī)會(huì);另一方面,引領(lǐng)體育教師教育改革,培育健康與體育教育工作者。為順應(yīng)健康與體育教師培養(yǎng)之新趨勢(shì),適應(yīng)我國(guó)《“健康中國(guó)2030”規(guī)劃綱要》對(duì)體育教師提出的新要求,在介紹美國(guó)“綜合性學(xué)校體育活動(dòng)計(jì)劃”的背景及具體內(nèi)容的同時(shí),評(píng)介西維吉尼亞大學(xué)基于該計(jì)劃的健康教育課程,以期為我國(guó)體育教師教育實(shí)踐提供參照。

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