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0~1歲小兒神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育測(cè)評(píng)及早期干預(yù)的臨床研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-06-23 來(lái)源: 日記大全 點(diǎn)擊:


  【摘要】 目的:對(duì)0~1歲小兒神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育測(cè)評(píng)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)早期干預(yù)效果進(jìn)行探討。方法:對(duì)2011年3月-2017年7月本院兒科門(mén)診2 795例0~1歲小兒進(jìn)行的小兒神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育測(cè)試,115例小兒測(cè)試結(jié)果異常的小兒作為觀察組,給予早期干預(yù);選取同期115例測(cè)試結(jié)果正常的小兒作為對(duì)照組。比較兩組小兒干預(yù)前后的治療效果。結(jié)果:觀察組小兒干預(yù)后3個(gè)月與干預(yù)前對(duì)比,各項(xiàng)評(píng)分均大幅提升,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組干預(yù)后與對(duì)照組比較,各項(xiàng)差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:對(duì)小兒早期發(fā)育用神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育方法測(cè)評(píng),能及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)異常發(fā)育小兒,給予早期干預(yù),可促進(jìn)小兒健康成長(zhǎng)。
  【關(guān)鍵詞】 小兒; 神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育; 早期干預(yù)
  Evaluation of Neuropsychological Development and Early Intervention in 0~1 Year Old Children/CHEN Shuqing,ZHANG Liwen,DENG Sujuan.//Medical Innovation of China,2018,15(07):114-116
  【Abstract】 Objective:To evaluate the neuropsychological development of children aged 0~1 years,and to explore the effect of early intervention. Method:The neuropsychological development test of 2 795 children aged 0~1 year in the outpatient department of pediatrics of our hospital from March 2011 to July 2017 year were tested,115 children with abnormal test results were given early intervention as observation group,115 children with normal test results were selected as control group.The therapeutic effects of two groups were compared.Result:In the observation group,the scores of each index were significantly increased after intervention 3 months compared with those before intervention,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in each index between the observation group and the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:The early development of children can be detected by the method of neuropsychological development, and early intervention can promote the healthy growth of children.
  【Key words】 Children; Neuropsychological development; Early intervention
  First-author’s address:The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510260,China
  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.07.032
  小兒早期神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育是否正常,直接關(guān)系到以后的成長(zhǎng),如何早期發(fā)現(xiàn)小兒神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育異常并進(jìn)行早期干預(yù),是兒科專(zhuān)業(yè)工作者及家長(zhǎng)都關(guān)心的問(wèn)題[1-2]。本組研究針對(duì)本院2011年3月-2017年7月兒科門(mén)診2 795例0~1歲小兒采用《0~6歲小兒神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育檢查表》[3],從大運(yùn)動(dòng)、精細(xì)動(dòng)作、適應(yīng)能力、語(yǔ)言及社會(huì)行為五個(gè)方面進(jìn)行測(cè)試,評(píng)價(jià)小兒神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育是否正常,對(duì)異常小兒給予早期干預(yù),并對(duì)干預(yù)治療的效果進(jìn)行探討。現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
  1 資料與方法
  1.1 一般資料 對(duì)2011年3月-2017年7月本院兒科門(mén)診2 795例小兒進(jìn)行神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育測(cè)試,其中男1 677例,女1 118例,115例小兒測(cè)試結(jié)果異常為觀察組,選擇同期115例測(cè)試結(jié)果正常的小兒為對(duì)照組。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):所有患兒年齡均小于6歲,患者同意進(jìn)行此項(xiàng)研究。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):排除有精神疾病患兒,排除肝腎損傷等器質(zhì)性疾病患兒。該研究經(jīng)本院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),并簽署患者知情同意書(shū)。
  1.2 方法 (1)測(cè)試方法:采用《0~6歲小兒神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育檢查表》對(duì)小兒神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育從大運(yùn)動(dòng)、精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)、適應(yīng)能力、語(yǔ)言及社會(huì)行為五大類(lèi)模塊進(jìn)行測(cè)試,對(duì)各指標(biāo)的發(fā)育商(DQ)分?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)。發(fā)育商=(智齡/實(shí)際月齡)×100%,智齡=五個(gè)領(lǐng)域分?jǐn)?shù)之和/5[4-5]。指標(biāo)結(jié)果:優(yōu)秀,DQ大于130分;聰明,DQ為115~129分;正常,DQ為85~114分;偏低,DQ為70~84;低下,DQ為69分以下[6-7]。本組研究以低下作為測(cè)試結(jié)果異常者。(2)治療方法:觀察組小兒給予早期綜合干預(yù)方案,結(jié)合小兒身體發(fā)育程度,對(duì)肌張力、肌力及神經(jīng)反射進(jìn)行檢測(cè),對(duì)小兒異常姿態(tài)進(jìn)行觀察并評(píng)估,采取個(gè)性化的訓(xùn)練與教育方法對(duì)患兒進(jìn)行早期干預(yù),重點(diǎn)針對(duì)小兒的運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,主要為被動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)及綜合運(yùn)動(dòng)療法。包括上田法、Bobath療法及Vojta療法,配合背部按摩、分指板、四爬位、平衡板、下肢放松、滾球、翻身、搬足法等其他運(yùn)動(dòng)療法[8]。每周進(jìn)行兩次,每次不低于30 min。對(duì)家庭訓(xùn)練給予指導(dǎo),由家長(zhǎng)做好家庭訓(xùn)練工作,并于每個(gè)月復(fù)診時(shí)對(duì)訓(xùn)練情況進(jìn)行反饋,對(duì)觀察組小兒重新進(jìn)行神經(jīng)心理發(fā)育測(cè)試及對(duì)家庭主動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的錯(cuò)誤、不足及運(yùn)動(dòng)手法進(jìn)行及時(shí)糾正,并同時(shí)根據(jù)存在問(wèn)題調(diào)整治療方案。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:干預(yù) 小兒 測(cè)評(píng) 發(fā)育 臨床研究

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