心率變異性在妊娠期疾病中的應用研究進展
發(fā)布時間:2018-06-23 來源: 日記大全 點擊:
[摘要] 妊娠期母體特殊的生理及心理變化會導致某些疾病的發(fā)生,如妊娠期高血壓,妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征等。妊娠期疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展與妊娠期母體自主神經功能的變化密切相關,如先兆子癇產婦的極低頻功率與低頻功率(LF)顯著升高;妊娠期糖尿病產婦夜間的高頻功率(HF)下降明顯;妊娠期睡眠呼吸綜合征患者LF/HF升高;先天性心臟病產婦的24 h連續(xù)正常RR間期的標準差、HF和LF明顯降低;心律失常產婦的心率變異性變化存在爭議。心率變異性可通過安全無創(chuàng)手段監(jiān)測自主神經的變化,對評價及預測妊娠期母體系統(tǒng)病變有重要的臨床價值。
[關鍵詞] 心率變異性;頻域分析;時域分析;妊娠期高血壓疾。蝗焉锲谔悄虿;妊娠期睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征
[中圖分類號] R714.2 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2018)02(c)-0031-04
Research progress in application of heart rate variability in pregnancy disease
ZHU Meilin ZHENG Wenhui CHENG Lili DONG Youjing
Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
[Abstract] Particular physical and psychological changes in the maternal body during pregnancy can lead to the occurrence of certain diseases, such as gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, gestational sleep apnea syndrome, etc. The development of pregnancy disease is closely related to the change of maternal autonomic nervous function during pregnancy, for example, the very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF) of pregnant women with preeclampsia increased significantly. The high frequency (HF) of pregnant women with gestational diabetes decreased significantly at night. The LF/HF of pregnant women with sleep apnea syndrome increased. The 24 hours standard deviation of NN intervals, HF and LF of the patients with congenital heart disease were significantly decreased, and the Heart rate variability (HRV) variation of the mothers with arrhythmia was controversial. HRV connected by safe noninvasive means can monitor the change of autonomic nerve and it has important clinical value in the evaluation and prediction of pregnancy maternal system disease.
[Key words] Heart rate variability; Frequency domain analysis; Time domain analysis; Gestational hypertension; Gestational diabetes; Gestational sleep apnea syndrome
心率變異性(heart rate variability,HRV)是指心電圖中的RR間期變異性,反映心率連續(xù)波動的瞬時變化。由于其產生于自主神經系統(tǒng)對心臟竇房結的調節(jié)作用,故可以作為反映心臟自主神經系統(tǒng)平衡的指標,并為評估交感和副交感神經系統(tǒng)的狀況及二者的相互作用提供參考。HRV監(jiān)測手段安全無創(chuàng),在反映心臟自主神經系統(tǒng)和外周壓力感受器調節(jié)的靈敏度方面要高于血壓、心率等指標[1-2]。因此,HRV不僅在評價及預測妊娠期母體自主神經功能狀態(tài)上得到廣泛應用,而且在評價相關妊娠期疾病的臨床作用方面也日益受到人們的關注。
1 HRV的分析方法
HRV分析方法主要包括:頻域分析、時域分析、頻譜分析、幾何分析和非線性分析。另外,壓力反射敏感性和心率紊亂度也可以作為HRV的分析方法。頻域分析和時域分析在臨床上的應用較為廣泛。
1.1 頻域分析
頻域分析多用做短程研究,其指標包括:①反映交感和迷走神經的雙重活性的低頻功率(LF);②反映迷走神經功能狀態(tài)的高頻功率(HF);③反映心臟交感和迷走神經張力平衡狀況的LF/HF;④反映自主神經受血管舒縮張力影響的極低頻功率(VLF);⑤反映自主神經的總功率。
1.2 時域分析
通過分析一段時期內相鄰RR間期的變異性,利用各種統(tǒng)計方法得出一系列時域統(tǒng)計指標進行時域分析。指標包括:①24 h連續(xù)正常RR間期的標準差(SDNN);②24 h內連續(xù)5 min平均R-R間期的標準差;③相鄰 RR 間期相差>50 ms的個數(shù)(NN50);④NN50計數(shù)占總RR間期數(shù)的百分比;⑤全程相鄰RR間期之差的均方根(rMSSD)。
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