水是人類生存之命脈,是城市的靈魂。古代建城時一般都是先行開河,然后依照河水的來龍去脈進行謀劃,布街辟路,修房建舍。麗江、蘇州、濟南古城無一例外,它們都是中國古代城建之法的活化石。
　　
　　濟南離蘇州不近,距麗江更遠。但這三座城市,卻都水系發(fā)達,流水潺潺,有著一樣的柔情與嬌美。
　　水是人類生存之命脈,是城市的靈魂。古代建城時一般都是先行開河,然后依照河水的來龍去脈進行謀劃,布街辟路,修房建舍。麗江、蘇州、濟南古城無一例外,它們都是中國古代城建之法的活化石。
　　麗江位于“彩云之南”的高原上,青山綠水環(huán)繞,終年積雪的玉龍雪山像一架巨大的屏風,阻擋著北面的風,即使是冬季,這里也溫暖如春。發(fā)源于城北象山腳下的玉泉河水分為支河、中河、西河三道清流匯入麗江的大研古鎮(zhèn),又分成無數(shù)支流,形成了密如蛛網(wǎng)的水系,幾乎每條街道都伴有潺潺流水。房舍隨形就勢,枕水而建。灰瓦、土坯墻、木結構的民居都不高,多為一兩層,因而房舍雖然密集,卻并不覺得擁擠。
　　街道更是不拘于工整而自由分布,曲曲折折,靈活多變,寬不過三五米,窄處僅一二米。街面用玉龍雪山采來的五彩石鋪就,歲月已將這些石板磨礪得光滑如鏡,色彩斑斕。主街傍水,小巷臨渠,300多座古石橋?qū)⑦B接著古鎮(zhèn)迷宮一般的條條街巷。清凌凌的河水隨街繞巷,穿墻過屋,貫通全城,滋潤萬家,形成了“家家門前繞水流,戶戶屋后垂楊柳”的詩畫意境。有人將這里譽為“高原姑蘇”一點也不夸張。
　　據(jù)說,麗江古城被列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)目錄是以全票通過的。專家們評價說,麗江古城把經(jīng)濟和戰(zhàn)略重地與崎嶇的地勢巧妙地融合在一起,真實、完美地保存和再現(xiàn)了古樸的風貌。尤其重要的是,麗江還擁有古老的供水系統(tǒng),這一系統(tǒng)縱橫交錯、精巧獨特,至今仍在有效地發(fā)揮著作用。
　　真正的姑蘇城,與麗江大不相同,少了麗江的質(zhì)樸與粗放,多了許多的精致與婉約。而十分相似的,這座太湖之濱、運河沿岸的“東方威尼斯”擁有更加完備的水系,城內(nèi)僅橋梁就達168座。正如唐代詩人杜荀鶴詩中描繪的一樣:“君到姑蘇見,人家盡枕河;古宮閑地少,水巷小橋多�！�
　　這座小橋流水、粉墻黛瓦、名園遍布的城市,最能與“柔美”這個詞配得上。街河相依,小橋飛架,蜿蜒伸展的窄窄石板路兩側,是鱗次櫛比的枕河人家,多為老宅古院。煙雨蒙蒙的氣息,春來江水的景象,丁香花般的江南女子,乃至隔壁弄堂里貨郎的抑揚頓挫的叫賣聲,一切恍如隔世,如同這座城市中400多眼古井,用了數(shù)千年,依然清澈而深邃,這便是姑蘇城特有的水鄉(xiāng)況味。
　　近三十年,蘇州巨變,經(jīng)濟突飛猛進,領跑江蘇,緊盯上海,城市規(guī)模不斷擴張。蘇州古城也早已不是小家碧玉。然而在整體上出現(xiàn)殘損的古城肌體,卻仍然保留著相對完好的局部區(qū)域,傳遞著古城特有的歷史文化信息。原有的舊街巷、老水系和傳統(tǒng)民居得到了細心的呵護,小橋、流水、園林、人家等元素所構成的“蘇州風格”依然活靈活現(xiàn)。
　　蘇州政府曾下大力氣保護了一條具有800年歷史的古老水街――平江路。平江路保護工程,主打“修舊如舊”這張牌,沿街不少老宅被用作酒吧、會所,并不張揚的外表悄悄掩隱在木制門板之內(nèi),乍看起來與普通民居并無二致,只有從精致的雕花門廊上可以窺出些許端倪。這既保住了市巷舊貌,又更大限度地滿足了當下人們的審美和消費需求。因而,平江路得到了聯(lián)合國教科文組織頒發(fā)的2005年度亞太地區(qū)文化遺產(chǎn)保護榮譽獎。
　　濟南自是不言而喻的“泉城”。趵突泉不僅領銜“七十二名泉”,還成為濼水之源。眾多的泉水還成為護城河、圩子河、乃至小清河的水源補給地。百處名泉發(fā)端于大城市,在中國乃至世界上很是罕見,更是麗江和蘇州所缺少的。
　　與蘇州相仿,歷經(jīng)現(xiàn)代化風潮沖擊的濟南,自宋代設府以來所形成的2.6平方公里的府城格局沒有大的變化。雖然近兩年伴隨著棚戶區(qū)改造,城內(nèi)大量歷史街區(qū)消失,古城風貌有些支離破碎,但以芙蓉街、金菊巷、平泉胡同、王府池子街、起鳳橋街、轆轤把子街、曲水亭街、庠門里街、東花墻子街、將軍廟街、壽康樓街、雙忠祠街、西公界街為代表的老街老巷還在,狀元府、題壁堂戲樓、都城隍廟等老建筑還在。正是它們頑強地支撐著濟南府城的脊梁,也成為這座中國歷史文化名城為數(shù)不多的城市地標。更難能可貴的是,尚存的這些老街陋巷,有些是臨水而建的水街,最能體現(xiàn)濟南專屬的城市特色和“文化基因”。大明湖新區(qū)的建成,護城河的通航,也使?jié)�南古城越來越有些江北水鄉(xiāng)嫵媚多姿、楚楚動人的樣子。
　　一座可愛的城市都會有自己的特色和立足之本。在這里,我無意將濟南與麗江和蘇州比個高下。但是,在即將開始的“明府城”的改造中,濟南應該站在時尚與歷史的交叉點上,運用國際的眼光與視野,細心打造屬于濟南的新天地。
　　
　　It is self evident that Jinan is a city of springs. The Baotu Spring is not only the head of the Seventy-two Springs, but also the source of the Luoshui River. Many springs become the water supply of the City Moat, Yuzi River and Xiaoqing River. It is rarely seen that many springs originate from one large city, which is also absent in Lijiang River and Suzhou. Characterized by the features of ‘A lake surrounded by lovely lotuses and weeping willows; A city embraced by picturesque mountains and enchanting lake’ and the city style of ‘Springs and weeping willows in every family’, Jinan--the ancient city, has become a North Jiangnan with Spirit rarely seen in northern China.
　　Like Suzhou, although weathered the winds and rains of modernization, the 2.6 kilometer-city pattern of Jinan formed in Song Dynasty when the city was founded, has not changed so much. Accompanied by the two-year Shanty Town Renovation, many historical blocks were disappearing and the ancient city style was broken up. But the ancient blocks and alleys represented by the Lotus Street, Golden Aster Alley, Pingquan Lane, Wangfu Pool Street, Qifengqiao Street, Lulubazi Street, Qushui Pavilion Street, Xiangmenli Street, Donghuaqiangzi Street, General Temple Street, Shoukanglou Street, Shuangzhongci Street and the Xigongjie Street are still there. And the old buildings such as the the Zhuangyuan Mansion, the Tibitang Drama Building, the Duchenghuang Temple and so on are still in existence.
　　They doggedly prop up the ridgepole of the capital city and become one of the few landmarks for this Chinese historical and cultural city. What is more commendable is that the presently existing ancient streets and alleys including some water streets built up besides rivers can mostly embody the unique feature and the cultural genes of Jinan. The completion of the New Area of Daming Lake and the opening of the City Moat make the ancient city―Jinan wear an increasingly charming and appealing look as the Water Town in Northern China.
　　A lovely city owns its distinguishing feature and foothold. Here I don’t want to compare Jinan with Lijiang River and Suzhou, nor advocate the action of blind imitation with ludicrous effection. However, during the coming renovation of the so-called Mingfu City, we should take fashion and tradition into consideration with international vision and view; boldly borrow the ideas and experience of Lijiang River and Suzhou in their city renovation projects. And we also need to attentively build up a completely new world unique to Jinan with scientific preparation and elaborate plan, try our best to reserve the essence of traditional culture as much as possible, and create no fake ones. By reserving more classic works and less regrets, we will create a bright future for our lovely hometown.

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