摘要[目的] 探討幾種采收方式對(duì)返青煙落黃效果及各部位烤后質(zhì)量的影響，減少在大理州特殊生態(tài)條件下返青煙的發(fā)生以及在烘烤過程中造成的損失。[方法]通過對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)靥厣�烤煙紅花大金元煙株進(jìn)行不同采收方法處理，研究其對(duì)下、上部返青煙葉的葉綠素含量變化、烤后煙外觀質(zhì)量及經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀的影響。[結(jié)果]試驗(yàn)表明，高掃或早采下部葉、充分養(yǎng)熟中上部葉的采收方法在不同程度上平衡了煙株?duì)I養(yǎng)物質(zhì)分配，改善了各部位煙葉采收素質(zhì)，有利于葉綠素降解，促使煙葉成熟落黃，達(dá)到了減少返青煙發(fā)生的目的。其中，早采下部葉、充分養(yǎng)熟中上部葉的采收方法對(duì)煙葉落黃效果及烤后質(zhì)量最好。[結(jié)論] 研究可為減少返青煙的發(fā)生提供理論依據(jù)，以間接提高煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。
　　關(guān)鍵詞采收方法；返青煙；落黃效果；采收素質(zhì)；烤后質(zhì)量
　　中圖分類號(hào)S572文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼
　　A文章編號(hào)0517-6611（2016）01-063-03
　　Abstract[Objective] To discuss influences of several harvesting methods on yellowing effect of green tobacco leaves and quality of each part after curing， reduce the occurrence of green leaves under special ecological conditions in Dali and loss in curing process. [Method] Different harvesting methods were conducted on local characteristics fluecured tobacco Honghua Dajinyuan. The effects of different picking methods on change of chlorophyll content in upper and lower green leaves， appearance quality and economic traits were studied. [Result] The results showed that methods of high sweep or early harvesting of lower leaves， fully keep cooked of middle and upper leaves balanced distribution of nutrients in tobacco plant in different degree， improved the harvesting quality of various parts of fluecured tobacco leaf， which were beneficial to the degradation of chlorophyll， promoted the mature leaf yellowing， eventually reaching the green leaves reduction. Among which， early harvesting of lower leaves， fully keep cooked of middle and upper leaves had the best yellowing effect and quality. [Conclusion] The study can provide theoretical basis for reducing occurrence of green tobacco leaves， and indirectly improving the economic value.
　　Key wordsHarvesting methods； Green leaves； Effect of yellowing； Quality of harvesting； Quality after curing
　　大理州特色優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙主要栽培推廣品種紅花大金元[1-3]，占全州烤煙栽培面積的 60%左右[3]151-154。該品種田間長勢(shì)強(qiáng)，葉面清秀，煙葉品質(zhì)好，具有典型清香型特色風(fēng)格等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[3-7]。大理州在烤煙生長季節(jié)自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)，干旱降雨分布不均、光照不足和前期肥效利用供應(yīng)遲緩等多種因素嚴(yán)重影響了煙葉正常生長發(fā)育，導(dǎo)致烤煙在采收烘烤季節(jié)容易發(fā)生返青，難以成熟落黃[8-12]，從而增加了煙葉的烘烤難度。盡管對(duì)此有相應(yīng)的烘烤技術(shù)措施[13]835-841，但下、低等煙含量并未明顯減少，造成了一定程度的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失[14]。為減少返青煙的發(fā)生及其在烘烤過程中所造成的損失[15-18]，人們進(jìn)行了不少試驗(yàn)研究，有關(guān)研究表明，對(duì)于雨前發(fā)育正常、成熟良好的那些煙葉[19]，多數(shù)情況應(yīng)及時(shí)采收，以避免煙葉發(fā)生返青生長[13]835-841，但短時(shí)大雨以后天氣轉(zhuǎn)好，應(yīng)等雨后曬2～3個(gè)太陽再采收[14]；根據(jù)雨前煙葉的基礎(chǔ)素質(zhì)，確定可靠的采收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[15]，較好地協(xié)調(diào)烘烤過程中煙葉脫水與變黃矛盾[12]30-36。
　　筆者采用不同采收方法對(duì)云南大理州特色烤煙紅花大金元下部、上部返青煙葉成熟過程中葉綠素含量變化進(jìn)行了研究，旨在探討幾種采收方式對(duì)返青煙落黃效果及各部位烤后質(zhì)量的影響，為如何減少返青煙的發(fā)生提供理論依據(jù)，以間接提高煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。
　　1材料與方法
　　1.1材料
　　供試烤煙品種為紅花大金元，烤煙類型水平為返青煙，供試煙葉含優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)的3片葉。煙田選取普遍存在土壤肥力和管理?xiàng)l件，以及無明顯病害的正常煙田。
　　1.2方法試驗(yàn)在云南省大理州彌渡縣紅花大金元科技研究基地的試驗(yàn)田進(jìn)行，采用大田試驗(yàn)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：返青 采收 質(zhì)量 影響 方法