改革開放以來我國老年人體育政策研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-06-24 來源: 人生感悟 點擊:
摘 要:依據我國老年人體育政策年出臺數量的變化和走勢,結合不同時期體育政策制定主體、政策內容和社會支持主體的特點,將我國老年人體育政策發(fā)展歷程分為政策肇始、政策探索、政策發(fā)展和政策深化4個階段。我國老年人體育政策演進的主要特征表現為制定主體范圍不斷擴大、政策的內容更加具體和社會支持主體日益多元化3個方面,但還存在著政策制定各主體聯動性不夠、政策制定過程中社會參與不足、政策內容缺乏銜接性、政策內容可操作性不強及政策難以調動各社會支持主體的積極性等問題。研究建議從加強跨部門多領域協作,擴大社會參與老年人體育政策制定的渠道;細化政策內容,提高政策質量和可操作性;創(chuàng)新政策激勵機制,鼓勵各社會支持主體積極參與老年人體育事業(yè);政策制定要未雨綢繆,面向未來。
關 鍵 詞:體育管理;體育政策;老年人
中圖分類號:G80-05 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1006-7116(2018)02-0027-07
A study of Chinese elderly sports policy since the reform and opening
FAN Cheng-wen1,2,LIU Qing2
(1.School of Physical Education,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410012,China;
2.School of Physical Education,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412008,China)
Abstract: According to the changing and trend of the numbers of Chinese elderly sports policies issued each year, coupled with the characteristics of Chinese elderly sports policy establishment subjects, policy contents and social support subjects in different periods, the authors divided the course of development of Chinese elderly sports policies into such 4 stages as policy initiation, policy exploration, policy development and policy deepening. The main characteristics of evaluation of Chinese elderly sports policies are embodied in such 3 aspects as constant expansion of the scope of establishment subjects, more specific policy contents, and ever increasingly diversified social support subjects, however, there are still such problems as insufficient linking between various policy establishment subjects, inadequate social participation in the process of policy establishment, lack of connection between policy contents, not high enough operability of policy contents, the policies having difficulty to arouse the enthusiasm of various social support subjects, and such. The authors put forward the following proposals: strengthen trans-department multi-area cooperation, expand the channels for social participation and elderly sports policy establishment; refine policy contents, enhance policy quality and operability; innovate on policy stimulation mechanism, encourage various social support subjects to actively participate in elderly sports undertaking; policy establishment should face the future and plan ahead; and such.
Key words: sports management;sports policy;the elderly
當前,我國人口老齡化形勢非常嚴峻。據國家統(tǒng)計局發(fā)布的數據,截至2016年底我國60周歲及以上人口2.3億,占總人口的16.7%;65周歲及以上人口1.5億,占總人口的10.8%[1]。預計到2020年,我國老年人口將達到2.43億。在我國老齡化快速發(fā)展進程中,少子無子家庭劇增,空巢、失能、高齡、貧困等多種現象疊加,各種老齡問題短期內同步呈現,給社會經濟發(fā)展帶來嚴重挑戰(zhàn)[2]。體育作為積極應對人口老齡化的便捷、經濟、有效方式及老年人保持健康、延緩衰老的理想途徑,得到了政府的高度認可并出臺了一系列相關政策來保障老年人的體育權益。所謂老年人體育政策,是指政府為了保障老年人體育權益而制定的與老年人體育發(fā)展息息相關的法律法規(guī)和計劃措施,也是黨和國家在一定歷史時期內為保證老年人體育按著既定路線發(fā)展而制定的行為準則,規(guī)定與指導著老年人體育發(fā)展的方向。本研究的老年人體育政策,既包括政府相關部門專門針對老年人制定的體育政策,也包括其他相關政策中關系到老年人體育的政策。通過梳理1978年改革開放以來我國相關部門出臺的老年人體育政策文本,總結老年人體育政策的發(fā)展歷程和演化特點,剖析老年人體育政策存在的問題,并預測未來老年人體育政策的發(fā)展方向,旨在為相關部門制定和完善老年人體育政策提供參考。
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