[摘要] 目的 分析學齡前兒童呼吸道感染鼻咽部細菌的攜帶及危險因素。 方法 選擇2016年8月～2017年6月黃石愛康醫(yī)院（以下簡稱“我院”）收治的115例學齡前兒童呼吸道感染患兒，將其分為觀察組；另選取同期于我院進行健康體檢的學齡前兒童115例為對照組。所有患兒均留取1次鼻咽部分泌物標本進行細菌分離、培養(yǎng)，分析所選者感染鼻咽部細菌攜帶類型，并對研究對象年齡、性別、日常生活活動等多方面進行發(fā)病危險因素分析。 結(jié)果 經(jīng)檢測，學齡前兒童呼吸道感染鼻咽部細菌攜帶類型主要為流感嗜血桿菌、金黃色葡萄球、肺炎克雷伯菌；早產(chǎn)、抗菌藥使用較頻繁、家人有呼吸道疾病、偏食或挑食、同住家人吸煙、家庭衛(wèi)生環(huán)境差與學齡前兒童呼吸道感染發(fā)生有關(guān)（P < 0.05）；Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示：早產(chǎn)、抗菌藥使用較頻繁、家人有呼吸道疾病、偏食或挑食、同住家人吸煙均是學齡前兒童呼吸道感染的高危因素（P < 0.05）。 結(jié)論 學齡前兒童呼吸道感染的鼻咽部細菌攜帶主要類型為流感嗜血桿菌、金黃色葡萄球、肺炎克雷伯菌，且誘發(fā)疾病的危險因素較多，臨床需根據(jù)細菌耐藥性選擇合適的治療方法，同時針對致病高危因素采取針對性預防措施，以降低學齡前兒童呼吸道感染風險。
　　[關(guān)鍵詞] 呼吸道感染；學齡前兒童；細菌攜帶類型；危險因素
　　[中圖分類號] R179 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210（2018）02（c）-0102-04
　　[Abstract] Objective To analyse the nasopharyngeal bacterial carrying and risk factors of respiratory tract infection in preschool children. Methods From August 2016 to June 2017， 115 cases of preschool children with respiratory tract infection in Huangshi Aikang Hospital （“our hospital” for short） were selected， divided it into observation group. In the same period， another 115 preschool children who went to our hospital for physical examination were selected as the control group. All the children received 1 nasopharyngeal secretory specimens for bacterial isolation and culture. The bacterial infection types of nasopharyngeal bacteria were analyzed， and the risk factors were analyzed according to the age， sex and activities of daily living. Results After the testing， preschool children with respiratory tract infections of nasopharyngeal bacteria mainly Haemophilus Influenzae， Staphylococcus Aureus， Klebsiella Pneumoniae. The premature delivery， antibacterial drugs were used more frequently， the family members had respiratory diseases， partial eclipse or picky eaters， family smoking， poor family hygiene were related to respiratory tract infections in preschool children （P < 0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the premature delivery， antibacterial drugs were used more frequently， the family members had respiratory diseases， partial eclipse or picky eaters， family smoking were all high risk factors of respiratory tract infection in preschool children （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The main types of nasopharyngeal bacteria carrying by respiratory tract infection in preschool children are haemophilus influenzae， staphylococcus aureus， klebsiella pneumoniae， and there are many risk factors for the disease， clinic should select appropriate treatment according to bacterial resistance methods， at the same time for the risk factors for the disease to take targeted preventive measures to reduce the risk of respiratory infection in preschool children.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：鼻咽 細菌 攜帶 危險 因素