烤煙新品種中煙104在大理煙區(qū)的適應(yīng)性及其品質(zhì)特色
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來(lái)源: 人生感悟 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要:以紅花大金元為對(duì)照,從煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀指標(biāo)、原煙外觀質(zhì)量、內(nèi)在品質(zhì)及抗病性能等方面,對(duì)由南澗種植的紅花大金元中系統(tǒng)選育而成的烤煙新品種中煙104進(jìn)行了分析評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明,在大理州煙區(qū)生態(tài)條件下,中煙104煙葉質(zhì)量較好,能彰顯大理紅花大金元特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉“清、甜、香、潤(rùn)”的清香型風(fēng)格特征,符合中式卷煙對(duì)大理州特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)發(fā)展要求,具有較高的工業(yè)可用性;重要經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀指標(biāo)在年際間表現(xiàn)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,在地區(qū)間表現(xiàn)適應(yīng)性較廣。豐產(chǎn),兼抗煙草黑脛病、角斑病、野火病和氣候斑點(diǎn)病,耐肥、易烘烤,綜合性狀優(yōu)于紅花大金元,可作為大理州烤煙后備新品種,具有重要的工農(nóng)業(yè)利用價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞:中煙104;烤煙;適應(yīng)性;品質(zhì)特色;評(píng)價(jià)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S572.03文章編號(hào):1007-5119(2014)01-0013-06 DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2014.01.003
Adaptability and Quality Characteristics of a New Flue-cured Tobacco Variety Zhongyan 104 in Dali Tobacco-growing Areas
WANG Hongyun1, LIU Hongxiang2*, FAN Zaidou3, CHEN Gang2, XU Fahua3, WANG Xinzhong3, YANG Dehai1, CHEN Aiguo2, WANG Dexun3
(1.Dali Cigarette Factory of Hongta Group, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China; 2.Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Qingdao 266101, China; 3. Dali Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China)
Abstract: A new flue-cured tobacco varietiy Zhongyan 104 (systematically selected from Hongda at Nanjian), used Honghuadajinyuan as control, was analyzed and evaluated with regard to its economic attributes, leaf appearance quality, internal quality, and disease resistance. The results showed that, in the ecological conditions of Dali, leaf quality of Zhongyan104 was good, which could demonstrate characteristic high-quality tobacco in Dali "clear, sweet, fragrant, lubrication", With the development of Dali characteristic high-quality tobacco leaf production of Chinese style cigarette demand, industrial availability with higher; Important economic attributes in the annual performance relative stability, wide adaptability in the area. High yield, and resistance to tobacco black shank, angular leaf spot and blight and climate scab, fertilizer, easy to cure, The overall characters was better than those of Honghuadajinyuan, This variety can be used as a reserve for potential production in Dali, which has important industrial and agricultural values.
Keyword: Zhongyan 104; flue-cured tobacco; adjustability; quality characteristics; evaluation
基金項(xiàng)目:中國(guó)煙草總公司云南省公司科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2012YN14);國(guó)家煙草專(zhuān)賣(mài)局重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(110200801036)
作者簡(jiǎn)介:王洪云,男,高級(jí)工程師,長(zhǎng)期從事煙葉原料相關(guān)技術(shù)理論研究。*通信作者,E-mail:lhx3533@tom.com
收稿日期:2013-07-01修回日期:2013-11-15
眾所周知,生態(tài)決定特色,品種彰顯特色,栽培保障特色[1-2],是因地制宜、揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短地打造綠色生態(tài)特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉品牌的基礎(chǔ)。據(jù)報(bào)道,在影響煙葉產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量的諸多因素中,品種的作用占25%~35%,病害損失占18%左右[3]。目前大理州特色優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙主要栽培推廣品種紅花大金元(紅大),占全州烤煙栽培面積的60%左右。該品種田間長(zhǎng)勢(shì)強(qiáng),葉面清秀,煙葉品質(zhì)好,具有典型清香型特色風(fēng)格等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但存在抗病性與耐肥性較差、不易烘烤等缺點(diǎn),影響煙葉質(zhì)量特色的穩(wěn)定持續(xù)提高[4]。煙葉安全性問(wèn)題是當(dāng)今世界煙草研究的熱點(diǎn)[5],堅(jiān)持安全生產(chǎn)是品質(zhì)特色化的重要保障[6]。隨著行業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境與形勢(shì)的變化,注重生態(tài)安全,已成為綠色生態(tài)特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)的新目標(biāo)與新要求[7]。因此,以?xún)?yōu)質(zhì)、多抗為主攻目標(biāo),以彰顯和保持煙葉質(zhì)量特色、提高安全性、增強(qiáng)抗病性與適應(yīng)性為重點(diǎn)[3],篩選利用保持紅大煙葉“清、甜、香、潤(rùn)”品質(zhì)特色優(yōu)點(diǎn),綜合性狀優(yōu)良的烤煙新品種,成為大理州特色煙葉生產(chǎn)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的瓶頸之一。
筆者以2009—2011年大理特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉開(kāi)發(fā)和2012年品牌導(dǎo)向型綠色生態(tài)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉開(kāi)發(fā)試驗(yàn)示范結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ)資料,以特色煙葉品種紅大為對(duì)照,從煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀指標(biāo)、原煙外觀質(zhì)量、內(nèi)在品質(zhì)及抗病性能等方面,分析評(píng)價(jià)烤煙新品種中煙104在大理州煙區(qū)的適應(yīng)性及其品質(zhì)特色與工業(yè)可用性,為大理州特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉后備新品種的區(qū)域化推廣利用提供科學(xué)的參考依據(jù)。
1材料與方法
1.1試驗(yàn)材料
供試品種為中煙104,該品種系由南澗縣紅大中系統(tǒng)選育而成,既保持了紅大的品質(zhì)特性,又在抗病性、耐肥性和易烤性上有明顯提高。對(duì)照品種為紅大。
1.2試驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1產(chǎn)質(zhì)鑒定小區(qū)試驗(yàn)隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),重復(fù)3次,小區(qū)面積32~56 m2。生產(chǎn)試驗(yàn)和示范采用多地聯(lián)合試驗(yàn)法,按品種單種、單收、單烤。植物學(xué)性狀和農(nóng)藝性狀按煙草品種調(diào)查記載標(biāo)準(zhǔn)調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)。產(chǎn)質(zhì)性狀按GB2635—92“烤煙”中分組、分級(jí)規(guī)定,以感官鑒定為主進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:大理 烤煙 新品種 適應(yīng)性 品質(zhì)
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