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烤煙NC55不同部位葉片在烘烤過(guò)程中多酚氧化酶活性變化動(dòng)態(tài)研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來(lái)源: 人生感悟 點(diǎn)擊:


  摘要:煙草中多酚氧化酶(PPO)介導(dǎo)的酶促棕色化反應(yīng)會(huì)影響煙葉的外觀色澤,降低內(nèi)在品質(zhì),導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)效益降低。為摸清不同部位煙葉在烘烤過(guò)程中關(guān)鍵溫度點(diǎn)PPO活性的變化規(guī)律,對(duì)烤煙品種NC55下、中、上三個(gè)不同部位煙葉烘烤過(guò)程中PPO活性進(jìn)行了測(cè)定。結(jié)果表明:(1)整個(gè)烘烤過(guò)程中中部煙葉PPO活性呈現(xiàn)先升高再降低的變化規(guī)律,下、上部煙葉PPO活性則呈現(xiàn)先降低后升高再降低的變化規(guī)律;(2)整個(gè)烘烤過(guò)程中,中、下部位煙葉PPO活性在46℃左右時(shí)達(dá)到高峰,上部煙葉則達(dá)到第二個(gè)峰值,54℃以后各處理煙葉中PPO活性基本消失;(3)38℃之前,上部煙葉PPO活性最高,而42℃之后,中部煙葉PPO活性最高。研究結(jié)果對(duì)于優(yōu)化NC55的烘烤工藝有一定指導(dǎo)意義。
  關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;部位;多酚氧化酶;活性
  中圖分類號(hào):S572.09文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào):A文章編號(hào):1001-4942(2018)04-0025-04
  Abstract Tobacco enzymatic browning reaction induced by polyphenol oxidase(PPO) can influence the exterior color of tobacco leaves, lower interior quality and reduce economic benefits. In order to find out the change regularities of PPO activities in tobacco leaves at different positions at the key temperature point during the flue-curing process, the PPO activities of NC55 leaves at upper, middle and lower parts were determined in the study. The results were as follows.(1) In the whole flue-curing process, the PPO activity of middle leaves increased firstly and then decreased, while that of the lower and upper leaves decreased firstly, then increased and decreased again. (2) The PPO activity of leaves at lower and middle position reached the peak at about 46℃,while that of the upper leaves reached the second peak.The PPO activity almost disappeared after 54℃. (3) The PPO activity of the upper leaves was the highest before 38℃, while that of the middle leaves was the highest after 42℃.The study results could provide a certain guidance for optimizing the flue-curing technology of NC55.
  Keywords Tobacco; Part; Polyphenol oxidase; Activity
  多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,以下簡(jiǎn)稱PPO)是自然界中分布極廣的一種金屬蛋白酶,普遍存在于植物、真菌、昆蟲(chóng)的質(zhì)體中。在煙草中,PPO是一種重要的酶,不僅在煙草的整個(gè)生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中擔(dān)負(fù)著抗病、抗蟲(chóng)等重要的生理功能,還是煙葉酶促棕色化反應(yīng)的重要參與者[1]。煙草酶促棕色化反應(yīng)是指煙葉在調(diào)制、醇化和加工過(guò)程中由于酶的促進(jìn)和物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化,煙葉由黃色逐漸變棕、變褐的過(guò)程[2]。PPO在煙葉調(diào)制、醇化和加工過(guò)程中將多酚類物質(zhì)氧化成醌類物質(zhì),這些醌類物質(zhì)與氨基酸以及蛋白質(zhì)等聚合生成分子量不等、顏色各異的深色物質(zhì),嚴(yán)重影響煙葉質(zhì)量,降低經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值[2]。而煙草中的酚類物質(zhì)及其衍生物對(duì)煙草植株的代謝活動(dòng)有著重要的生理意義,涉及到煙株的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、抗病蟲(chóng)害、抗寒及其它生理逆境[3]。同時(shí),煙草中的酚類化合物對(duì)煙葉的色澤、香吃味、生理強(qiáng)度和安全性等質(zhì)量指標(biāo)有重要影響[4]。因此,對(duì)PPO活性進(jìn)行調(diào)控對(duì)于提高烤后煙葉質(zhì)量,增加其工業(yè)可用性有著重要意義。宮長(zhǎng)榮[2]認(rèn)為烘烤的溫度和相對(duì)濕度是誘導(dǎo)棕色化反應(yīng)發(fā)生的主要外部因素,在變黃末期和定色期合理控制溫濕度,可有效抑制PPO活性,防止煙葉發(fā)生褐變。韓富根等[5]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在烘烤的不同時(shí)期,通過(guò)配備一定酸堿度的K、Ca、Mg鹽溶液放入烤房中,即可調(diào)節(jié)烤房中的pH值,從而抑制PPO的活性,有利于把煙葉優(yōu)良的品質(zhì)因素固定下來(lái)。
  目前對(duì)烘烤過(guò)程中PPO活性變化規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)大多是基于前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,且大多側(cè)重于不同品種之間的差異[5-8]?緹熎贩NNC55作為當(dāng)前山東煙葉產(chǎn)區(qū)的主栽品種之一,其烘烤特性的研究也已展開(kāi),但多集中于不同烘烤工藝與烤后煙葉外觀質(zhì)量鑒定與經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀統(tǒng)計(jì)方面[9-11],其不同部位的煙葉在烘烤過(guò)程中PPO活性變化規(guī)律及各部位之間的差異研究尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。本試驗(yàn)以NC55為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)上、中、下三個(gè)部位煙葉在烘烤過(guò)程中的PPO活性進(jìn)行測(cè)定,研究其變化規(guī)律,為NC55的成熟采收及配套烘烤工藝的調(diào)整提供理論依據(jù),從而改善NC55烤后煙葉的質(zhì)量,提高其經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值和工業(yè)可用性。
  1 材料與方法
  1.1 供試材料

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