枯草芽孢桿菌有機肥對土壤條件及烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-22 來源: 人生感悟 點擊:
摘 要:為探明枯草芽孢桿菌有機肥在烤煙生產(chǎn)上的應用效果,通過小區(qū)試驗,研究了不同施肥方法對植煙土壤養(yǎng)分、微生物種群數(shù)量和煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,在云南曲靖宣威地區(qū)配施枯草芽孢桿菌有機肥,與常規(guī)施肥方法相比,植煙土壤有機質(zhì)、速效磷、速效鉀和全鉀含量分別提高8.38%、12.59%、5.51%和10.59%,使土壤細菌、放線菌數(shù)量分別增加177.66%和118.18%,真菌數(shù)量降低121.43%;上等煙比例提高1.82%,均價提高2.51%,有利于提高下部、上部初烤煙葉鉀離子含量和內(nèi)在化學成分的協(xié)調(diào)性,并改善抽吸品質(zhì)。
關(guān)鍵詞:枯草芽孢桿菌;有機肥;土壤條件;烤煙;產(chǎn)質(zhì)量
中圖分類號:572 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2017)07-0055-04
Effects of Bacillus subtilis Organic Fertilizer on Soil Conditions, Yield and Quality of
Flue-cured Tobacco
XU Hong-yu1,SUN Xing-quan2,ZHANG Qiang1,DENG Tao3,YAO Peng-cheng1,
HUANG Fei-yan2,ZHU Tie-jun1,ZHANG Xian-ming3
。1. Gansu Tobacco Industrial Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730050, PRC; 2. Yunnan Reascend Tobacco Technology (Group) Co., Ltd.,
Kunming 650106, PRC; 3 Qujing Tobacco Company Xuanwei Branch, Xuanwei 655400, PRC)
Abstract:In order to investigate the application effects of bacillus subtilis organic fertilizer (BOF) on flue-cured tobacco production, a field experiment was carried out to study the influences between different application methods on soil fertility, microorganism quantity, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province. The results indicated that the contents of organic material, available P and K, total K in soil of combined application with BOF increased by 8.38%,12.59%,5.51% and 10.59% compared with conventional fertilization, respectively, the quantity of actinomycetes and bacteria increased by 177.66%,118.18%, furthermore, there is a drop of 121.43% on fungi. The ratio of high grade leaves and the average price of tobacco leaves increased by 1.82% and 2.51%.In addition, it was helpful to increase the potassium content, coordination of chemical composition and smoking quality of lower and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves.
Key words:Bacillus subtilis; organic fertilizer; soil condition; flue-cured tobacco; yield and quality
化學肥料雖具有養(yǎng)分含量高、肥效迅速的優(yōu)點,但在烤煙上長期、大量單施,易造成煙田土壤板結(jié)、有機質(zhì)含量下降、微量元素缺乏、微生物種群數(shù)量和活性降低,進而導致煙葉化學成分比例失調(diào)、香氣量不足等[1-2]。土壤是影響煙葉質(zhì)量的重要因素之一,適宜的土壤條件是特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)的重要基礎(chǔ),而土壤肥力是衡量土壤條件的綜合指標,其與土壤微生物種群數(shù)量及活性有著密切聯(lián)系。根際土壤微生物是肥料轉(zhuǎn)化與吸收的重要影響因子,微生物種群數(shù)量多、區(qū)系豐富,土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡性好,更有利于煙株生長和煙葉品質(zhì)特色的形成[3-5]。研究表明,施用有機肥可改善土壤環(huán)境,為煙株生長提供所需微量元素并促進養(yǎng)分吸收,能明顯增加煙田土壤細菌和放線菌數(shù)量,提高上中等煙比例,增加產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)值,提高煙葉糖含量和鉀離子含量,協(xié)調(diào)糖堿比和氮堿比,提高鉀氯比[6]。生物有機肥是指特定功能的微生物與經(jīng)無害化處理、腐熟的有機物料復合而成的一類兼具微生物活性和有機肥效應的肥料,具有提高土壤肥力、活化并促進養(yǎng)分吸收,產(chǎn)生多種活性物質(zhì)和抗、抑病物質(zhì),刺激與調(diào)控作物生長,減少或降低病蟲害發(fā)生等作
用[7-9],使煙葉外觀、內(nèi)在化學成分和感官質(zhì)量均有一定程度的改善,因此,其在煙草上的應用符合煙葉生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求[10-12]。以枯草芽孢桿菌為特定功能菌,同樣能夠使生物有機肥產(chǎn)品具有提高土壤微生物種群數(shù)量、區(qū)系豐度指數(shù)和減少病害發(fā)生等作
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