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l(f)rg:2020-06-03 Դ: ժ c

ʮǰҾ۵ώAʥLцһZLfֻĬĬo„ĕroācW(xu)@Ԓƺֺ؟(z)䣬ʹҴ˺Lr(jng)(ni)AXÌώ1982ȥ܌W(xu)МY֪Rsr²ÿ(dng)?sh)ώr͸؟(z)1985ȫƌW(xu)Ҏ(gu)hеҪĻĿ܌W(xu)ʷI(lng)Г(dn)˹ϣD܌W(xu)ʷľꐿĸϣD܌W(xu)º͌W(xu)g(sh)Ҋⶼ֪ôWo܌W(xu)ʷľ΄(w)䵽^ôҲǎs(w)pֻĚWһЩW(xu)D^Ѽһ(ni)yҵYcһЩЩӑՓMМʂ乤1989ƾӇ֪(ni)W(xu)g(sh)˲ŝ@ȱTܿao轑nԼfѽ(jng)SZ]ǷһPW(xu)g(sh)ӰһߵX߀@PҲõ

cͬrԼ߀һtWo܌W(xu)ʷвٿxĕЩ簬᰺(Etienne Gilson)ČW(xu)g(sh)λW(xu)g(sh)JġڽߵȽ՝uSšI(y)Ӗ(xn)oW(xu)܌W(xu)Ƨ׺ѽ(jng)zĻy(tng)ͬЇpһfжҪԼĴ(f)ǣֲǼֲoҪњWo܌W(xu)ʷڹŴһǧ(ҪϣD)܌W(xu)ʷ͚Wˇ(f)dԺֱF(xin)܌W(xu)ʷg˂dȤŕP(gun)עڃ^gһǧ漰܌W(xu)ă(ni)ݵʹõZԶʹF(xin)˸еݝõ߉݋ҲF(xin)˸еЩь܌W(xu)ʷorȡһNһP^ġ^B(ti)ȣ@Ҳǟoɿyȥ̽oΨՓՓ֮gĠՓǡǡǚW܌W(xu)ĹŴP(gun)עՓwՓD(zhun)׃P(gun)עJRՓgh(hun)(ji)D(zhun)׃(yng)оcҲyˌ8oԺϣD˼Ļˇ(f)d\˼ʂˇ(f)dH^˶oy(tng)Jо12o(Chartres)úƝļs(John of Salisbury)ĵxĻ(f)dʮоMչǺܴЇtشøעʷW(xu)猦Wo؄eĺڣ՚W޾òěQ_ʼҕ
ЇWޚvʷ@ñȚW޸bh˂ƺ߀܎װǰoڰrӰ@N˼ӰWo܌W(xu)ʷҲһģ@ģﲻՓꐳÓ@ӵĚWo܌W(xu)ʷ˛]dȤҲ֡

һ21o־Mһvʷ•rڡF(xin)ڸ󱊵ĽˣoՓЇWԸе֮g˼ͨʮֲЇ˵֪R߀hh_΄ݵҪչ21oҪӏĻnj˽F(xin)x(jng)W(xu)ΌW(xu)W(xu)W(xu)vʷČW(xu)܌W(xu)ȸW(xu)Ƶ@ЩI(lng)Ҍѝu̫İĹŴF(xin)İl(f)չ@l·ô^ƺ(yng)ԓǚWʷ΄(w)ȥ½BxWʷrֻҊBd׃oFĘľ(vʷ¼)ҊɭӢʷW(xu)ҿ(R.G.Collingwood)ڡvʷ^һJvʷӳÿrľL(fng)òtvʷ^һʷɞݺĹ@ҲѣֻJò֪˼Ǻyѵġ_R{(dio)vʷڬF(xin)֮Уx˼ʷČW(xu)@һc^ⲢĕDġԒ䛡ġՓZIJ¹ԷvʮġΨRՓ˹ɽ(Francis Fukuyama)ġvʷKY(ji)cˡsȻ߅ĻʷǶȿvʷڬF(xin)֮С߀иһӺxָһн(jng)õĻLښvʷγɵ

˼ʷֲͬ܌W(xu)ʷ܌W(xu)оͨڸߌӴĻСȦǴ󱊵˜I(y)(mȻ󱊲Ǜ]܌W(xu)˼)܌W(xu)ʷͨزͬr˼뵽˼^l(f)չ^˼ʷs̽ÿr˼c֮gĽ@˼ʷcһ܌W(xu)ʷą^(q)eһvʷͬĵطČĻʷdȤxߵҪ˼ʷ܌W(xu)ʷܸdȤҲxcʲôЇx˽أ@Լﷴ(f)˼Ć}

W˼ʷyƺ󡣵һҪ܌W(xu)ʷcʷY(ji)l(f)չľ໥ڶZԹ߆}оЇ˼ʷЇоW˼ʷֻҪչŴhZ@һNZZԹϴwԉ
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NZԵīI矟ynjNvʷ¼͇@ĸN˼eC(f)sP(gun)ϵôǡֵĹrڌW(xu)goՓW(xu)Ҳy⎧vʷijҊ@ʹһWˁfҲyFĹՓǁһĻy(tng)˼ʷ˼ʷĽB܌W(xu)ʷy_չ

@N֮x˾SҲ{W(xu)˼ʷڸϣľW˼ʷdX@ҪҵϣڵġW˼ʷЎׂyõc

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()͚WށfǽY(ji)һwϣָWޖ|Ăy(tng)cĻy(tng)ìлB͸
ϲкϣDĻĻӰ푣WКWUɢrֲ໥༤ʎ

@wĸ֮ÿ؅^(q)Ļ˼İl(f)չRW˼l(f)չĺ
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Ƅҷg@һԭЇW(xu)g(sh)˼ʷһ^ˆI(lng)]ȶλW(xu)ߺġЇ˼ͨʷһػԵɛ]xһЩЇv˼ҵuXñȡĸǰͬw(chung)˸dɴ뵽҇W(xu)g(sh)־Ї˼ʷоͬ˻ҲdȤ˽W޵˼ʷоr

ښW˼ʷоS(yng)׷ݵڸW˼hӰH܌W(xu)߀ՓvʷW(xu)I(lng)JһN羫Q^^ښvʷ\l(f)չҌF(xin)ˣ(һ)ĚvʷһĚvʷ
()ľvʷ_İl(f)չڅ羫wF(xin)ͬrڡW(xu)һڸԺ͕r@ɂҪ^c(c̎xһ)

Jǽ^؞vʷMеĕrʽ19o°~Ÿ˹(Jacob Burckhardt)ˇ(f)drڵĻ(The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy,1860)DzXغڸ񠖘˳о·־wĔĻʷоĽY(ji)_(chung)F(xin)vʷW(xu)Q˼ʷоĴҪ‡ĻvʷW(xu)ķҠ̩(Wilhelm Dilthey)_ʼĵZĻvʷW(xu)^ڸ˼СĻĽY(ji)(gu)y(tng)һԡ@һcɴ˳l(f)оČW(xu)ˇg(sh)Y(ji)(gu)^֮g“(lin)ϵ

Ǻڸ˼wϵǷNȫܵζόW(xu)qC\ӣʹһКvʷ¼ɞȶ֮(gu)һs]˼wϵ19oʢOһrM20osˡǺڸ񠖻\ĻvʷW(xu)ɵķֻW˹e(Oswald Spengler)ӢĜ(Arnold Toynbee)w߀ڸ˼ĻvʷоӢ(^ӢZ)ĻvʷW(xu)҂O[Óڸ˼ӰƺЃɂͬcһJښvʷЛ]ʲôһĿl(f)չģʽκΚvʷȻԣfA(y)Ҋ
ӢĚvʷW(xu)ҿِ(Isaiah Berlin)ɊWļӢ܌W(xu)ҿ(Karl Popper)ˇg(sh)ʷҶ˹ءؕϣ(Ernst Hans Josef Gombrich)@һ^cһͬcǷ񶨚vʷMJvʷʢ˥ĚvʷMšvʷM^˼ʷҰɪ(Arthur O.Lovejoy)ڵL朡(1936)ָM@^18orǺ޵ɮDںһЏʯ^ֲ󵽄ֱȻͨ^ͬȼʹ_ߵڸ񠖵Ěvʷ܌W(xu)W(xu)ȥո_M^ַvʷ^x@N^cУһvʷ߀ܱ֕rgϵBm(x)Œòˣ
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ښWĻʷоu

֪Wvʷо19761990gԷZķvʷʷ⽻ʷĕ?dng)?sh)p˼sķ֮һʷ(jng)ʷĕ?dng)?sh)pһ룬˼ʷĻʷ?dng)?sh)һڴgӢZķvʷʷ⽻ʷĕ?dng)?sh)pһP(gun)(jng)ʷp˼sķ֮һP(gun)˼Ļʷsһ

ڽķ֮һoʷW(xu)@N׃@Tһrᣬă(ni)ԭһnjý(jng)ԭһКvʷF(xin)ġ(jng)λ(socio-economic reductionism)еyʹ˵õMĚvʷfvʷW(xu)m20oʮzӛЏ{(dio)Ļõ˼ӰڷbW(xu)Ƀ(ni)pһʷW(xu)ҌһW(xu)_(Braudel)ġvʷ(jng)вͬӴΡ@ՓD(zhun){(dio)Ļ(mentalites)ǡӡvʷ(jng)Ļ̎ijһښvʷЌ(jng)P(gun)ϵشӰ푵һNĻǃHHӵܽ(jng)Q֮gP(gun)ϵ܄ӵ໥P(gun)ϵɁӲ@һɌW(xu)߿˵ԻÓضĻh(hun)һNՓԼF(xin)@NՓĽMӶÓɮa(chn)ǂĻh(hun)F(xin)ڻʮKŵ΄оƫخ(dng)ƫƫ،ƫ΢^
˼ʷI(lng)оҲƫ˼ĻǶȺ^о˼vʷijɾ^BȫĻǰϯֶV.XҲ1988ĈJČW(xu)ڡΣC֮УڌW(xu)g(sh)λ(politicization)ʹW(xu)߸е͡y

ښWW(xu)g(sh)Ăy(tng)^񣬌Λ_^S(zhn)ĵW(xu)g(sh)l(f)չҪҲ^رF(xin)ϣһĚWތW(xu)@W˼ʷھcVȣ^ñ@I(lng)еоɾɽ֮ʯԹЇ˼ʷопɹ֮̎

ȣһȕ߲W(xu)˼ΌW(xu)֔ԱГ(j)ָЄ(chung)Ҋ
ڶȕΌW(xu)֔ڣ(chung)ҊԲʧÌW(xu)
Ȅt־裬ՓpͽbxҲвͬһNǼx˼(f)ζeһ
ڶNx֮ҪcڼSrģ
NǞg[һɷµ@ҲSxߵ־ȤҪ

ķgjᄵwҲƯ԰ĽY(ji)1991_ʼg^ñ_ԭ⣬ʹx^˽MrԭһԒķgҪһСrҊ¼ĩҲ^M£һֻgǧֹ⾰
n֮ͼMеrrm(x)MȺvrɣˑM
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W(xu)İĿУL˸УLͬҜppnrͬ‚֧D^ąf(xi)тĹĄo֔ڴx

g֪ˮƽޣgrвԲðg•ϣں֮ԭעጾԣۣӛ̖ʾڕĩ
xggעtԡӛ̖ʾڸ¶geⶲ(dng)֮̎(ni)xߌָ

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1 R˹J.xڴɰķvʷһ^dӢġvʷо꿯171991242243퓡

[W]ϣϣW˼ʷw(f)gVW(xu)2007158Ԫ

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