美文推薦詞篇一：優(yōu)秀文章推薦

推薦文章：《一生最?lèi)?ài)你》

文章出處：《時(shí)文選粹》

推薦理由：

這篇文章以姐姐為第一人稱(chēng)，按時(shí)間順序?qū)⒌艿軓陌藲q起為姐姐所做的一次又一次“犧牲”：替姐姐承擔(dān)責(zé)任被父親打罵，省吃?xún)�用給姐姐買(mǎi)“城里姑娘都戴”的發(fā)卡，為姐姐著想甘心做個(gè)辛苦的修理工……作者用細(xì)膩的文筆表現(xiàn)了姐弟二人間濃濃的親情。

文章主旨是“親情”�！坝H情”向來(lái)是一個(gè)寬泛的話題，作者舉了大量事例使文章顯得充實(shí)厚重。并選材精湛，結(jié)構(gòu)新穎，中心明確，條理清楚。雖然篇幅較長(zhǎng)，但絲毫沒(méi)有啰嗦拖沓之感。全文沒(méi)有大片華麗的辭藻，各種浮夸的修辭，所用詞語(yǔ)樸實(shí)無(wú)華，簡(jiǎn)單準(zhǔn)確，卻字字句句富有極強(qiáng)的感染力，足以令人為之動(dòng)容。這正是本文精彩所在。

段落點(diǎn)評(píng)：

（一）弟弟中學(xué)畢業(yè)那年，考上了縣里的重點(diǎn)高中，同時(shí)我也接到了省城大學(xué)的錄取通知書(shū)。那天晚上，父親蹲在院子里一袋一袋地抽著旱煙，嘴里還叨咕著，兩娃都這么爭(zhēng)氣，真爭(zhēng)氣。母親偷偷抹著眼淚說(shuō)爭(zhēng)氣有啥用啊，拿啥供��！弟弟走到父親面前說(shuō)，爸，我不想上了，反正也念夠了。父親一巴掌打在弟弟的臉上，說(shuō)，你咋就這么沒(méi)出息？我就是砸鍋賣(mài)鐵也要把你們姐倆供出來(lái)。說(shuō)完轉(zhuǎn)身出去挨家借錢(qián)。我撫摸弟弟紅腫的臉說(shuō)，你得念下去，男娃不念書(shū)就一輩子走不出這窮山溝了。弟弟看著我，點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭。但是我已經(jīng)決定放棄上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)了。沒(méi)想到第二天天還沒(méi)亮，弟弟就偷偷帶著幾件破衣服和幾個(gè)干饃頭走了，在我枕邊留下一個(gè)紙條：姐，你別愁了，考上大學(xué)不容易，我出去打工供你讀書(shū)。

點(diǎn)評(píng)：這段細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)及其入微地描述了弟弟為姐姐放棄了上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)這一事件，同時(shí)將人物形象躍然于紙。父親沉穩(wěn)堅(jiān)定，母親無(wú)可奈何，姐姐一心為弟弟著想，弟弟毅然決定自我犧牲而換取姐姐的錦繡前程。讀完不禁令人潸然淚下，感慨萬(wàn)千。

（二）我剛上學(xué)的時(shí)候，學(xué)校在鄰村，每天我和我姐都得走上一個(gè)小時(shí)才到家。有一天，我的手套丟了一只，我姐就把她的給我一只，她自己就戴一只手套走了那么遠(yuǎn)的路�；丶乙院螅医愕哪侵皇謨龅枚寄貌黄鹂曜恿�。從那時(shí)候，我就發(fā)誓我這一輩子一定要對(duì)我姐好

點(diǎn)評(píng)：就是這樣一件連姐姐自己都已記不清楚的小事，使弟弟發(fā)誓感謝姐姐，回報(bào)姐姐，用一生愛(ài)姐姐。幾行文字雖短小，但給予人內(nèi)心的卻是巨大的沖擊與無(wú)限的震撼。

推薦文章：《當(dāng)一粒種子有了愿望》

文章出處：《中華活頁(yè)文選》

推薦理由：

這篇文章講述了一顆有夢(mèng)想的葵花籽“追夢(mèng)”的過(guò)程。全文語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)、優(yōu)美，從這些字句中可以看出作者對(duì)大自然萬(wàn)物頑強(qiáng)毅力的贊嘆。這顆種子讓人敬仰，也讓人深思：在生活的海洋里，我們每個(gè)人都是一粒種子，一粒希望的種子，無(wú)論你是生活在肥沃的土地上，還是貧瘠的泥土里，都不要放棄自己的希望，而要努力掙扎、拼搏進(jìn)取，找到一條屬于自己的路。

愿世界上每一粒種子都有自己的愿望！

段落欣賞：

一只小鳥(niǎo)在林間的小路上找到了一粒葵花籽，但是這時(shí)它已經(jīng)吃飽了，于是它就想把葵花籽上叼回巢里慢慢享用。它飛過(guò)小河，飛過(guò)村莊，再飛過(guò)一幢瓦房就到家了。到家的喜悅讓這只小鳥(niǎo)有些得意忘形，它站在瓦房頂上忍不住大叫一聲。這下可好，葵花籽正好掉在了北窗旁的磚縫里。這只小鳥(niǎo)怎么也找不到那�？ㄗ�，只好悻悻地飛走了。

掉進(jìn)磚縫里的葵花籽想伸展一下自己的身體，可向東是壁，向南是壁，向北是壁，向西還是壁。唉！四處都是壁，這可如何是好？葵花籽嘆了口氣。好在它沒(méi)有放棄自己的愿望，休息了一會(huì)兒，使出渾身解數(shù)向上頂去。從此這�？ㄗ丫蜑樽约哼x準(zhǔn)了一個(gè)正確的方向——努力向上生長(zhǎng)。

沒(méi)有土，它努力抓住空氣中的每一粒塵埃；沒(méi)有水，它隨時(shí)汲取上天降臨的每一滴甘露；借著從南窗透過(guò)來(lái)的微弱陽(yáng)光，它膨脹、掙扎，再膨脹、再掙扎，終于，它長(zhǎng)出了綠芽，在夏天快要結(jié)束的時(shí)候，它終于向天空驕傲地綻放出黃艷艷的花朵。不久的后來(lái)，它又結(jié)出了雖有些小，卻顆粒飽滿、醇香味美的果實(shí)。這粒種子的愿望終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了！

推薦人：朱凌

推薦文章：《跑過(guò)冬天》

文章出處：《中華活頁(yè)文選》

推薦理由：這篇文章是作者在自己的孩子成人之際寫(xiě)給孩子的一封信，也是一篇耐人尋味的美文，親切自然，情真意切。以孩子5歲時(shí)晨跑的經(jīng)歷開(kāi)篇，用排比的句段表達(dá)父親的人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)，娓娓道來(lái)，如沐春風(fēng)，蘊(yùn)含著父親無(wú)盡的愛(ài)�！芭苓^(guò)冬天”實(shí)際上是啟發(fā)我們戰(zhàn)勝困難和挫折，用堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和微笑面對(duì)人生中的每次寒冬，這才是成長(zhǎng)中最寶貴的禮物。

段落欣賞：

牧牧:

還記得你5歲那年冬天嗎？每天清晨，爸爸總是帶你到離家不遠(yuǎn)的公園跑步。 最初，你跑一兩圈就累了，停下來(lái)央求爸爸，不要讓你跑了。但是，爸爸說(shuō)不行，你必須跑完。你要跑累了呀，可以慢慢跑，要是慢慢跑還累呢，可以走著，但就是不能停下來(lái)。

冬日的清晨，公園里寂靜無(wú)人。路邊的楊樹(shù)早已剝落成禿枝，在寒冷的空氣中抖動(dòng)。你努力地跑著，呼出的氣化成一股股白霧。漸漸地，你跑熱了，脫去黃色毛線帽在手中，隨著你的運(yùn)動(dòng)在花壇周?chē)?huà)出了一圈流線。于是冬天不再寒冷，冬天有了生命的流動(dòng)。

如今你要成為一個(gè)成年人了，即將接受成年洗禮。

當(dāng)你生命開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，你與所有人沒(méi)有什么不一樣�？僧�(dāng)你進(jìn)入社會(huì)的時(shí)候，你與所有人都不同。

或許，你會(huì)遭遇失敗，須知人生歷程，逆境多，順境少。故凡事要運(yùn)用智慧，竭盡全力。社會(huì)只看重你的結(jié)果，而你要看重努力的過(guò)程，即使失敗，切勿自棄，社會(huì)不同情眼淚，上帝只救自救的人。

或許，你會(huì)落入孤獨(dú)。堅(jiān)定的攀登者總是孤獨(dú)地前行，在情感孤獨(dú)中要守住自我，珍愛(ài)自己，“五湖明月在，漁歌總有時(shí)”。

盡一切人生之責(zé)。

所有的這一切，都是上帝給予你的人生苦難和責(zé)任，這就像江河行地、日月經(jīng)天那樣正常自然。既然如此，就讓它來(lái)吧，你已經(jīng)開(kāi)始成人，用微笑和勇氣擁抱你的人生！

人生會(huì)有許多冬天，跑起來(lái)吧，不要停下，跑過(guò)冬天！

父親

美文推薦詞篇二：推薦美文40篇

>01 The Language of Music

A painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm -- two entirely different movements.

Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner's responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties: the hammers that hit the strings have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.

This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.

01 音樂(lè)的語(yǔ)言

畫(huà)家將已完成的作品掛在墻上，每個(gè)人都可以觀賞到。作曲家寫(xiě)完了一部作品，得由演奏者將其演奏出來(lái)，其他人才能得以欣賞。因?yàn)樽髑沂侨绱送耆匾蕾?lài)于職業(yè)歌手和職業(yè)演奏者，所以職業(yè)歌手和職業(yè)演奏者肩上的擔(dān)子可謂不輕。

一名學(xué)音樂(lè)的學(xué)生要想成為一名演奏者，需要經(jīng)受長(zhǎng)期的、嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練，就象一名醫(yī)科的學(xué)生要成為一名醫(yī)生一樣。絕大多數(shù)的訓(xùn)練是技巧性的。音樂(lè)家們控制肌肉的熟練程度，必須達(dá)到與運(yùn)動(dòng)員或巴蕾舞演員相當(dāng)?shù)乃�。歌手們每天都練�?xí)吊嗓子，因?yàn)槿绻荒苡行У乜刂萍∪獾脑挘麄兊穆晭⒉荒軡M足演唱的要求。弦樂(lè)器的演奏者練習(xí)的則是在左手的手指上下滑動(dòng)的同時(shí)，用右手前后拉動(dòng)琴弓--兩個(gè)截然不同的動(dòng)作。歌手和樂(lè)器演奏者必須使所有的音符完全相同協(xié)調(diào)。鋼琴家們則不用操這份心，因?yàn)槊總�(gè)音符都已在那里等待著他們了。

給鋼琴調(diào)音是調(diào)音師的職責(zé)。但調(diào)音師們也有他們的難處：他們必須耐心地調(diào)理敲擊琴弦的音錘，不能讓音錘發(fā)出的聲音象是打擊樂(lè)器，而且每個(gè)交疊的音都必須要清晰。如何得到樂(lè)章清晰的紋理 是學(xué)生指揮們所面臨的難題：他們必須學(xué)會(huì)了解音樂(lè)中的每一個(gè)音及其發(fā)音之道。他們還 必須致力于以熱忱而又客觀的權(quán)威去控制這些音符。除非是和音樂(lè)方面的知識(shí)和悟性結(jié)合起來(lái)，單純的技巧沒(méi)有任何用處。藝術(shù)家之所以偉大在于他們對(duì)音樂(lè)語(yǔ)言駕輕就熟，以致于可以滿懷喜悅地演出寫(xiě)于任何時(shí)代的作品。

>02 Schooling and Education

It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.

Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.

Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.

Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.

There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.

上學(xué)與受教育

在美國(guó)，人們通常認(rèn)為上學(xué)是為了受教育。而現(xiàn)在卻有人認(rèn)為孩子們上學(xué)打斷了他們受教育的過(guò)程。這種觀念中的上學(xué)與受教育之間的區(qū)別非常重要。

與上學(xué)相比，教育更具開(kāi)放性，內(nèi)容更廣泛。教育不受任何限制。它可以在任何場(chǎng)合下進(jìn)行，在淋浴時(shí)，在工作時(shí)，在廚房里或拖拉機(jī)上。它既包括在學(xué)校所受的正規(guī)教育，也包括一切非正規(guī)教育。傳授知識(shí)的人可以是德高望重的老者，可以是收音機(jī)里進(jìn)行政治辯論的人們，可以是小孩子，也可以是知名的科學(xué)家。上學(xué)讀書(shū)多少有點(diǎn)可預(yù)見(jiàn)性，而教育往往能帶來(lái)意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)。與陌生人的一次隨意談話可能會(huì)使人認(rèn)識(shí)到自己對(duì)其它宗教其實(shí)所知甚少。人們從幼時(shí)起就開(kāi)始受教育。因此，教育是一個(gè)內(nèi)涵很豐富的詞，它自始至終伴隨人的一生，早在人們上學(xué)之前就開(kāi)始了。

教育應(yīng)成為人生命中不可缺少的一部分。然而，上學(xué)卻是一個(gè)特定的形式化了的過(guò)程。在不同場(chǎng)合下，它的基本形式大同小異。在全國(guó)各地，孩子們幾乎在同一時(shí)刻到達(dá)學(xué)校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人傳授知識(shí)，使用大致相同的教材，做作業(yè)，考試等等。

他們所學(xué)的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的一些片斷，如字母表或政府的運(yùn)作，往往受到科目范 圍的限制。 例如，高中生們知道，在課堂上他們沒(méi)法弄清楚他們社區(qū)里政治問(wèn)題的真情，也不會(huì)了解到最新潮的電影制片人在做哪些嘗試。學(xué)校教育這一形式化的過(guò)程是有特定的限制的。

>03 The Definition of "Price"

Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, includinglabor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the"system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price", many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.

"價(jià)格"的定義 價(jià)格決定資源的使用方式。價(jià)格也是有限的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)在買(mǎi)方中的配給手段。美國(guó)的價(jià)格系統(tǒng)是復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng)，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中一切產(chǎn)品買(mǎi)賣(mài)的價(jià)格，也包括名目繁多的各種服務(wù)，諸如勞動(dòng)力、專(zhuān)職人員、交通運(yùn)輸、公共事業(yè)等服務(wù)的價(jià)格。

所有這些價(jià)格的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系構(gòu)成了價(jià)格系統(tǒng)。任何一種個(gè)別產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的價(jià)格都與這個(gè)龐大而復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)密切相關(guān)，而且或多或少地受到系統(tǒng)中其它成份的制約。如果隨機(jī)挑選一群人，問(wèn)問(wèn)他們?nèi)绾味x"價(jià)格"，許多人會(huì)回答價(jià)格就是根據(jù)賣(mài)方提供的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，買(mǎi)方向其付出的錢(qián)數(shù)。 換句話說(shuō)，價(jià)格就是市場(chǎng)交易中大家認(rèn)同的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的貨幣量。該定義就其本身來(lái)說(shuō)自有其道理。

但要獲得對(duì)價(jià)格在任何一樁交易中的完整認(rèn)識(shí)，就必須考慮到大量" 非貨幣"因素的影響。買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方不但要清楚交易中的錢(qián)數(shù)，而且要非常熟悉交易物的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量，交易的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，采用哪種形式付款，有怎樣的緩付和優(yōu)惠，對(duì)交易物的質(zhì)量保證、交貨條款、退賠權(quán)利等等。也就是說(shuō)，為了能估算索價(jià)，買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方必須通曉構(gòu)成交易物價(jià)格的通盤(pán)細(xì)節(jié)。

>04 Electricity

The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.

Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for millions of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.

All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small -- often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cells are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.

The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives. (An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel's body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it

can deliver corresponds roughly to the length of its body.

電 當(dāng)今時(shí)代是電氣時(shí)代。人們對(duì)電燈、收音機(jī)、電視和電話早已司空見(jiàn)慣以致很難想 象沒(méi)有它們生活會(huì)變成什么樣。當(dāng)停電時(shí)，人們?cè)趽u曳不定的燭光下暗中摸索；因沒(méi)有紅綠燈的指示，汽車(chē)在道路上遲疑不前；冰箱也停止工作，導(dǎo)致食物變質(zhì)。人們只是在兩個(gè)世紀(jì)前一點(diǎn)才開(kāi)始了解電的使用原理，自然界卻顯然在這方面經(jīng)歷過(guò)了數(shù)百萬(wàn)年。科學(xué)家不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)許多生物世界里可能有益于人類(lèi)的關(guān)于電的有趣秘密。所有生物細(xì)胞都會(huì)發(fā)出微小的電脈沖。 當(dāng)心臟跳動(dòng)時(shí)，把它發(fā)出的脈沖記錄下來(lái)就成了心電圖，這可讓醫(yī)生了解心臟的工作狀況。大腦也發(fā)出腦電波，這可在腦電圖上記錄下來(lái)。

許多生物細(xì)胞發(fā)出的電流都是極微小的，小到要用靈敏儀器才能記錄和測(cè)量。但一些動(dòng)物的某些肌肉細(xì)胞能轉(zhuǎn)化成一個(gè)個(gè)發(fā)電機(jī)，以致完全失去肌肉細(xì)胞的功能。

這種細(xì)胞大量地連接在一起時(shí)產(chǎn)生的效果將是非常令人吃驚的。電鰻就是一種令人驚異的蓄電池。它可以在水中發(fā)出相當(dāng)于 800 伏特電壓電流(家庭用戶(hù)的電壓只有 120 伏特)。 在電鰻的身體里，多至五分之四的細(xì)胞都專(zhuān)門(mén)用來(lái)發(fā)電，而且發(fā)出的電流的強(qiáng)度大約和它身體的長(zhǎng)度成正比。

>05 The Beginning of Drama

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.

The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world - even the seasonal changes - as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measureswhich appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.

Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater becausemusic, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the"acting area" and the"auditorium." In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect -- success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun -- as an actor might.

Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.

Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.

戲劇的起源 關(guān)于古希臘戲劇的起源存在著多種理論，其中一個(gè)最普遍為人接受的理論假設(shè)認(rèn)為戲劇從儀式演化而來(lái)。 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是這樣進(jìn)行論證的：一開(kāi)始，人類(lèi)把世界上的自 然力量，甚至季節(jié)的變化都看成是不可預(yù)料的。 他們?cè)噲D通過(guò)各種方式去控制這些未知的、令人恐懼的力量。 那些似乎帶來(lái)了滿意結(jié)果的手段就被保留下來(lái)并且重復(fù)直到這些手段固化為不變的儀式，最后產(chǎn)生了能夠解釋或者掩蓋這些儀式神秘性的故事。 隨著時(shí)間的推移， 一些儀式被廢棄了，但這些后來(lái)被稱(chēng)作神話的故事流傳下來(lái)并且為藝術(shù)和戲劇提供了素材。認(rèn)為戲劇從儀式演化而來(lái)的人們還認(rèn)為那些儀式包含了戲劇的基本因素，因?yàn)橐魳?lè)、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎經(jīng)常被使用，而且，必須為演出提供一個(gè)合適的地點(diǎn)；如果不是整個(gè)社區(qū)共 同參加演出，經(jīng)常在"演出區(qū)"和"觀眾席"之間劃分出明顯的分界。

另外，儀式中還有演員， 而且宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)演出任務(wù)，因?yàn)樵趦x式的執(zhí)行中避免錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)生被認(rèn)為有相當(dāng)

大的重 要性；他們經(jīng)常帶著面具，穿著服裝象演員那樣扮演其它人、動(dòng)物或超自然的生靈，用動(dòng)作來(lái)表演以達(dá)到所需要的效果，比如打獵的成功或戰(zhàn)斗的勝利、將至的雨、太陽(yáng)的復(fù)活。最后這些戲劇性的表演從宗教活動(dòng)中分離了出來(lái)。

另一個(gè)追溯戲劇起源的理論認(rèn)為它來(lái)自人們對(duì)敘述故事的興趣。 根據(jù)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，故事(關(guān)于狩獵、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或者其它偉績(jī))是逐漸豐富起 來(lái)的。

首先通過(guò)一個(gè)講解人來(lái)運(yùn)用模仿、表演和對(duì)話，然后再由不同的人扮演各自的角色；另一個(gè)與之緊密相關(guān)的理論將戲劇的起源追溯至舞蹈，這些舞蹈大體上是有節(jié)奏感的和體操式的那一類(lèi)，或者是對(duì)動(dòng)物動(dòng)作和聲音的模仿。 >06 Television

Television -- the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth -- is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.The word "television", derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (visio: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.

Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.

The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals.Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.

Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.

電視電視--以快速變化與發(fā)展為標(biāo)志的最普遍、最具有影響力的一項(xiàng)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，正在步入一個(gè)極端復(fù)雜化與多樣化的新時(shí)代。

這個(gè)時(shí)代承諾重新塑造我們的生活和我們的世界。這可以稱(chēng)得上是又一次電子革命，其關(guān)鍵在于電視技術(shù)與計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的結(jié)合。"電視"這個(gè)詞 來(lái)源于希臘語(yǔ)詞根(tele：遠(yuǎn))和拉丁語(yǔ)詞根(vision：景象)，可以從字面上理解為來(lái)自遠(yuǎn)處的 景象。

簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)來(lái)，電視是以這種方式工作的，通過(guò)一個(gè)復(fù)雜的電子系統(tǒng)，電視能夠?qū)⒁环鶊D像(這幅圖像被聚焦在一部攝像機(jī)內(nèi)的一塊特殊的光導(dǎo)底片上)轉(zhuǎn)換成能經(jīng)過(guò)導(dǎo)線或電纜發(fā)送出去的電子脈沖信號(hào)。

當(dāng)這些電子脈沖信號(hào)被輸入一部接收機(jī)(電視機(jī))時(shí)，就可以用 電子學(xué)的方法把脈沖信號(hào)重新恢復(fù)成同一幅圖像。但是，電視不僅僅是一個(gè)電子系統(tǒng)，它還是一種表達(dá)工具和傳播渠道。因此，電視成了一個(gè)對(duì)其他人發(fā)生影響的強(qiáng)大工具。電視這個(gè)領(lǐng)域可以根據(jù)其發(fā)射方式分為兩類(lèi)。

第一類(lèi)為廣播電視，通過(guò)電視信號(hào)的寬帶無(wú)線電波 發(fā)射展現(xiàn)在大眾面前；第二類(lèi)為非廣播電視，使用受控的發(fā)射技術(shù)來(lái)滿足個(gè)人以及某些特殊利益群體的需要。電視早已成為大眾媒介。我們熟悉廣播電視，因?yàn)閺V播電視已經(jīng)以類(lèi)似目前的方式存在了大約37 年。

在那些年頭中，電視絕大部分一直由 ABC、NBC、CBS 這些廣播電視公司控制著，這些廣播電視公司一直是新聞、信息和娛樂(lè)的主要提供者。 這些廣播業(yè)的巨頭實(shí)際上不僅塑造了電視，而且也塑造了我們對(duì)電視的理解。 我們漸漸把顯像管看作是娛樂(lè)的來(lái)源，讓自己成為這個(gè)生動(dòng)的媒介的被動(dòng)觀眾。

>07 Andrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide

educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. "He who dies rich, dies disgraced, " he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthropic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.

Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.

安德魯?卡內(nèi)基被稱(chēng)作鋼鐵大王的安德魯?卡內(nèi)基在美國(guó)建立了鋼鐵工業(yè)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，他變成了美國(guó)最富有的人之一。

他的成功，部分來(lái)自于他銷(xiāo)售產(chǎn)品的能力，部分來(lái)自于經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)期的擴(kuò)充策略。在蕭條時(shí)期，他的多數(shù)對(duì)手都在縮減投資。卡內(nèi)基認(rèn)為個(gè)人應(yīng)該通過(guò)努力工作來(lái)獲得進(jìn)展，但他也強(qiáng)烈地感到有錢(qián)人應(yīng)該運(yùn)用他們的財(cái)富來(lái)為社會(huì)謀取福利。 他反對(duì)施舍救濟(jì)，更愿意提供教育機(jī)會(huì)，使別人自立。

卡內(nèi)基經(jīng)常說(shuō)："富有著 死去的人死得可恥。"他對(duì)社會(huì)的較重要的貢獻(xiàn)都以他的名字命名。這些貢獻(xiàn)包括匹茲堡卡內(nèi)基學(xué)校。

這個(gè)學(xué)校有一個(gè)圖書(shū)館，一個(gè)美術(shù)館和一個(gè)國(guó)家歷史博物館；他還創(chuàng)立了一所 技術(shù)學(xué)校，這所學(xué)校現(xiàn)在是卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)的一部分；其他的慈善捐贈(zèng)有為促進(jìn)國(guó)家間了解的"卡內(nèi)基國(guó)際和平基金"，為科學(xué)研究提供經(jīng)費(fèi)的華盛頓卡內(nèi)基學(xué)院以及給各種藝術(shù)活動(dòng)提供活動(dòng)中心的卡內(nèi)基音樂(lè)廳。安德魯?卡內(nèi)基的慷慨大度幾乎影響到每個(gè)美國(guó)人的生活。由于他超過(guò)五百萬(wàn)美元的捐款，2500個(gè)圖書(shū)館得以建立起來(lái)，遍布在美國(guó)各地的小村鎮(zhèn)，形成了我們今天還在享用的公共圖書(shū)館系統(tǒng)的核心。

>08 American Revolution

The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when bothwere already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What

happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on. America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer -- the United States -- based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.

美國(guó)革命美國(guó)革命其實(shí)并不算是一場(chǎng)革命，因?yàn)樗⑽磳?dǎo)致完全的和徹底的變化。這次革命并不是對(duì)政治和社會(huì)框架的一次突然和猛烈的顛覆，象后來(lái)在已經(jīng)是獨(dú)立國(guó)家的法國(guó) 和俄國(guó)所爆發(fā)的革命那樣。

革命帶來(lái)了重大的變化，但并非翻天覆地，所發(fā)生的只是進(jìn)化 的加速，而不是一場(chǎng)徹底的革命；在沖突期間，人們?nèi)匀簧习�、做禮拜、結(jié)婚、玩耍。多數(shù)人并沒(méi)有受到實(shí)際戰(zhàn)斗的嚴(yán)重影響。許多較閉塞的社區(qū)對(duì)這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)幾乎一無(wú)所知。美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)宣布了三個(gè)現(xiàn)代國(guó)家的誕生，其中一個(gè)是加拿大。

加拿大的第一大批講英語(yǔ)的流 入人口來(lái)自于成千上萬(wàn)英王的效忠者，這些人從美國(guó)逃到了加拿大。另一個(gè)國(guó)家是澳大利亞，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)不再是容納罪犯和欠債者的國(guó)度了，澳大利亞就變成了一個(gè)懲治罪犯的殖民地(注：獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前，英國(guó)政府將罪犯流放到美國(guó))。第三個(gè)國(guó)家就是美國(guó)，它完全建立在共和原則基礎(chǔ)上。即使政治上的顛覆也不如人們可能想象的那樣具有革命性。在一些州，特別是康涅狄格和羅德島，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)基本上只是承認(rèn)了已經(jīng)存在的殖民地的自治。四處被驅(qū)逐的英國(guó)官員都被本土的統(tǒng)治階級(jí)所替代，這個(gè)統(tǒng)治階級(jí)迅速地以地方權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)來(lái)替代國(guó)王和議會(huì)。

>09 Suburbanization

If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed

美文推薦詞篇三：美文薈萃

讓胡塞北妙筆生花

——爸爸給北北準(zhǔn)備的視覺(jué)盛宴

公元2002年5月15日

于溫縣教育局也

The first essay

月 光 曲

一天晚上，我漫步在月光下，忽發(fā)奇想，仿佛聽(tīng)到月亮姑娘在深情地訴說(shuō)。

——題記

你還在追尋著我的腳步嗎？——我心中的少年。

正值薄暮時(shí)分，我悄悄地來(lái)到人世間，在蒼茫的夜色中，看見(jiàn)你正獨(dú)自徘徊在小樹(shù)林里。你不顧晚風(fēng)襲人，不時(shí)的向我揮動(dòng)著手中的花環(huán)。也許是因?yàn)槭芰四愕母腥�，我的臉上也泛起了一層紅暈。我羞澀地躲在白云身后，透過(guò)薄薄的輕紗，看見(jiàn)你正癡癡的望著我。

你說(shuō)，眾星捧月。其實(shí)，我也不過(guò)是一顆普普通通的小星星。你的錯(cuò)誤的崇拜使我心里忐忑不安。

你說(shuō)，我是一本耐人尋味的好書(shū)，永

遠(yuǎn)也讀不足，看不夠。其實(shí)，人世間好看的書(shū)多著呢，——你真傻。

夜色沉沉，晚風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí)，林中傳來(lái)了你那美妙的歌聲。望著你深情的目光，我真想從樹(shù)梢上跳下來(lái)，投進(jìn)你的懷抱，——當(dāng)你張開(kāi)雙臂，想擁抱我的時(shí)候。可惜我身不由已，枉負(fù)了你一片苦心。

就讓那火紅的朝陽(yáng)永遠(yuǎn)照亮你的心吧！倘若能夠，我愿意化作溫馨的春風(fēng)，溶進(jìn)濛濛細(xì)雨之中??

但我的心中不能沒(méi)有你，——“嫦娥應(yīng)悔偷靈藥，碧海青天夜夜心”。 天地有靈，當(dāng)知道，春雨濛濛，那滴落在你身上的，不是天上的雨水，而是我心中的眼淚！

我在遙遠(yuǎn)天國(guó)祝福你——我心中的少年，當(dāng)你獨(dú)自一人走夜路的時(shí)候。 （精美小文，深刻雋永。連讀幾遍，甚為折服也。作者托物言情，寄情于月，意境清遠(yuǎn)；行文遣詞，匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)，猶如天籟之聲，裊裊娜娜；又如天邊彩云，絢麗多彩，隨風(fēng)舞動(dòng)，但形散而神不散也。 ——爸爸讀后有感 2012.4.6于教育局）

The second essay

幸福

巴克萊

幸福的生活有三個(gè)不可或缺的因素：一是有希望，二是有事做，三是能愛(ài)人。

有希望。

亞歷山大大帝有一次大送禮，表示他的慷慨。他給了甲一大筆錢(qián)，給了乙一個(gè)省份，給了丙一個(gè)高官。他的朋友聽(tīng)到這件事后，對(duì)他說(shuō)：“你要是一直這樣做下去，會(huì)一貧如洗。”亞歷山大回答說(shuō)：“我哪里會(huì)一貧如洗？我給自己留下的是一份最偉大的禮物——希望�！币粋�(gè)人要是只生活在回憶中，失去了希望，他的生命便已經(jīng)開(kāi)始終結(jié)�；貞洸荒芄奈栉覀冇辛Φ厣钕氯�，回憶只能讓我們逃避，好像囚犯逃出監(jiān)獄。

有事做。

一個(gè)英國(guó)老婦人，在她身患重病、自知時(shí)日不多的時(shí)候，寫(xiě)下了如下的詩(shī)句：“現(xiàn)在別憐憫我，永遠(yuǎn)也不要憐憫我；我將不再工作，永遠(yuǎn)永遠(yuǎn)不再工作�！焙芏嗳硕加羞^(guò)失業(yè)或者沒(méi)有事做的時(shí)候，這時(shí)會(huì)覺(jué)得日子過(guò)得很慢，生活十分空虛。有過(guò)這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人都知道，有事做不是不幸，而是一種幸福。

能愛(ài)人。

詩(shī)人白朗寧曾寫(xiě)道：“他望了她一眼，她對(duì)他回眸一笑，生命突然復(fù)蘇。”生命中有了愛(ài)，我們就會(huì)變得謙卑、有生氣，新的希望油然而生，仿佛有千百件事等著去完成。有了愛(ài)，生命就有了春天，世界也變得萬(wàn)紫千紅。最美的禱告應(yīng)該是：主啊，求你讓我有力量去幫助別人！

（爸爸寄語(yǔ)：幸福在哪里？在于“有希望、有事做、能愛(ài)人”。人生于天地之間，當(dāng)有夢(mèng)想，繼之以矻矻奮斗，用汗水用智慧用毅力去實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想、超越夢(mèng)想。以博愛(ài)之心，海納百川，厚積薄發(fā)。。。。。。）

The third one（通過(guò)富有詩(shī)意及概括性的頒獎(jiǎng)詞，一個(gè)個(gè)人物正款款向你走來(lái)。。。。。。）

2011年感動(dòng)中國(guó)人物頒獎(jiǎng)詞

朱光亞

【頒獎(jiǎng)詞】人生為一大事來(lái)。他一生就做了一件事，但卻是新中國(guó)血脈中，激烈奔涌的最雄壯力量。細(xì)推物理即是樂(lè)，不用浮名絆此生。遙遠(yuǎn)蒼穹，他是最亮的星。

胡忠 謝曉君夫婦

【頒獎(jiǎng)詞】他們帶上年幼的孩子，是為了更多的孩子。他們放下蒼老的父母，是為了成為最好的父母。不是絕情，是極致的深情；不是沖動(dòng)，是不悔的抉擇。他們是高原上怒放的并蒂雪蓮。

吳孟超

【頒獎(jiǎng)詞】60年前，他搭建了第一張手術(shù)臺(tái)，到今天也沒(méi)有離開(kāi)。手中一把刀，游刃肝膽，依然精準(zhǔn)；心中一團(tuán)火，守著誓言，從未熄滅。他是不知疲倦的老馬，要把病人一個(gè)一個(gè)馱過(guò)河。

無(wú)臂鋼琴師劉偉

【頒獎(jiǎng)詞】當(dāng)命運(yùn)的繩索無(wú)情地縛住雙臂，當(dāng)別人的目光嘆息生命的悲哀，他依然固執(zhí)地為夢(mèng)想插上翅膀，用雙腳在琴鍵上寫(xiě)下：相信自己。那變幻的旋律，正是他努力飛翔的軌跡

楊善洲

好書(shū)記楊善洲退休后義務(wù)植樹(shù)22年

【頒獎(jiǎng)詞】綠了荒山，白了頭發(fā)，他志在造福百姓；老驥伏櫪，意氣風(fēng)發(fā)，他心向未來(lái)。清廉，自上任時(shí)起；奉獻(xiàn)，直到最后一天。60年里的一切作為，就是為了不辜負(fù)人民的期望。

阿里木

烤羊肉串的阿里木 8年資助上百名貧困生

【頒獎(jiǎng)詞】快樂(lè)的巴郎，在煙火繚繞的街市上，大聲放歌�？嚯y沒(méi)有冷了他的熱心，聲譽(yù)不能改變他的信念。一個(gè)人最樸素的惻隱，在人群中激蕩起向善的漣漪。

張平宜

“希望之翼”張平宜讓麻風(fēng)村孩子受教育

【頒獎(jiǎng)詞】蜀道難，蜀道難，臺(tái)灣娘子上涼山。跨越海峽，跨越偏見(jiàn)，她抱起麻風(fēng)村孤單的孩子，把無(wú)助的眼神柔化成對(duì)世界的希望。她看起來(lái)無(wú)比堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，其實(shí)她的內(nèi)心比誰(shuí)都柔軟。

孟佩杰

孝女孟佩杰8歲起照顧癱瘓的養(yǎng)母

【頒獎(jiǎng)詞】在貧困中，她任勞任怨，樂(lè)觀開(kāi)朗，用青春的朝氣驅(qū)趕種種不幸；在艱難里，她無(wú)怨無(wú)悔，堅(jiān)守清貧，讓傳統(tǒng)的孝道充滿著每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。雖然艱辛填滿了四千多個(gè)日子，可是她的笑容依然燦爛如花。

吳菊萍

“最美媽媽”吳菊萍 奮不顧身托住小生命

【頒獎(jiǎng)詞】危險(xiǎn)裹挾生命呼嘯而來(lái)，母性的天平容不得剎那搖擺。她挺身而出，接住生命，托住了幼吾幼及人之幼的傳統(tǒng)美德。她并不比我們高大，但那一刻，已經(jīng)讓我們仰望。

劉金國(guó)

忠誠(chéng)衛(wèi)士劉金國(guó) 兩袖清風(fēng)，一心為公

【頒獎(jiǎng)詞】賊有未曾經(jīng)我縛，事無(wú)不可對(duì)人言。是盾，就矗立在危險(xiǎn)前沿，寸步不退。是劍，就向邪惡揚(yáng)眉出鞘，絕不姑息。烈火鍛造的鐵血將帥，兩袖清風(fēng)的忠誠(chéng)衛(wèi)士。 The Fourth one

超越時(shí)空，燭照古今——淺析唐僧師徒形象及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義

河南省濟(jì)源市第一中學(xué) 0934班 王金子 指導(dǎo)教師：牛小娟

作為四大奇書(shū)之一，《西游記》被稱(chēng)為奇書(shū)中的奇書(shū)。它有著最廣泛的讀者面，

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