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李素芝雪域里的天使將軍_門巴將軍完整版

發(fā)布時間:2020-03-11 來源: 美文摘抄 點擊:

  李素芝,山東臨沂人,1970年參軍,1976年軍校畢業(yè),分配到上海第二軍醫(yī)大學長海醫(yī)院普外科工作。因為偶遇一個延誤治療來上海住院的西藏戰(zhàn)士,說起西藏缺醫(yī)少藥的情況,22歲的李素芝申請入藏,分到西藏山南軍分區(qū)做邊防軍醫(yī),然后成為西藏軍區(qū)副司令員、西藏軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院院長。
  是什么力量讓一個很有前途的年輕軍醫(yī)放棄大城市,在西藏堅守大半生?
  請看一個畫家是怎樣去描摹被藏民稱為“門巴將軍”的這位山東人的。
  
  Li Suzhi, born in Linyi, Shandong Province, joined in the army in 1970. After graduating from military school in 1976, he was assigned a job at the General Surgery Department of Changhai Hospital of Shanghai No. 2 Military Medical University, were he encountered a Tibetan soldier who came to Shanghai to be hospitalized due to delayed treatment in Tibet. Hearing that Tibet was short of doctors and medicine, 22-year-old Li Suzhi applied to work in Tibet. Then he was assigned as a frontier military doctor at Shannan Military Branch of Tibet Military Region.
  
  門巴,藏語中醫(yī)生的意思。
  2009年,我做的最大一件事,用7個月畫了一幅國畫。
  畫兩米多見方。畫面中心,用寫實手法勾畫出的一位軍醫(yī)正屏息凝神,給藏族小孩聽診。20多個藏民形成兩股人流:懷抱著孩子候診的母親、抿嘴好奇打量的老頭老太太、忙著倒茶的婦女、草地上已睡熟的孩子,與軍醫(yī)動靜形成對比。對著畫外靦腆微笑的藏族少女,與觀者互動把人帶進畫中,達到了畫外有畫的意境。畫面色調選用宿墨單一的青灰色,人物土黃色的五官,朱砂色的印章,構成了繪畫中最基本的紅黃藍三原色。
  畫完收筆蓋印,我百感交集。那天盛夏突降瓢潑大雨,我接著雨水,一遍遍沖刷著門前的地面⋯⋯
  雨中我如釋重負。畫取名《雪域天使――門巴將軍李素芝在牧區(qū)》。
  2007年,受解放軍總政文藝局的邀請,我動身去西藏采集素材,創(chuàng)作反映西藏軍區(qū)副司令員、西藏軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院院長李素芝將軍先進事跡的繪畫作品。當時所能查到的資料不過百八十字:李素芝,山東臨沂人,1970年參軍,1976年軍校畢業(yè),分配到上海第二軍醫(yī)大學長海醫(yī)院普外科工作。因為偶遇一個延誤治療來上海住院的西藏戰(zhàn)士,說起西藏缺醫(yī)少藥的情況,22歲的李素芝申請入藏,分到西藏山南軍分區(qū)做邊防軍醫(yī)。
  是什么力量讓一個很有前途的年輕軍醫(yī)放棄大城市,在西藏堅守大半生?
  當我在萬米高空俯瞰綿延雪山時,這個傳奇色彩的名字,讓我有了多個想象,是個技高膽大豪爽的軍人,還是嚴謹儒雅的醫(yī)生形象?我試圖從一個畫家的角度,去描摹被藏民稱為“門巴將軍”的這位山東人。
  
  藏民的“門巴將軍”
  李素芝外出開會去了。
  接飛機的軍醫(yī)給了兩!案咴的z囊”讓我吃上,醫(yī)院自己研制的預防急性高原病的藥。這個特殊的見面禮讓我意識到,神秘的高原已經在我腳下了,一種莫名的興奮、不安和期待在胸中涌動。
  醫(yī)院,一座簡樸的四層的門診、病房樓,在海拔3700米的高原上,周圍石頭山上沒有植被。隨處可見的勵志口號,軍人三人以上的列隊行走,傳統的記憶把我?guī)Щ氐酱蠖际械纳鲜兰o90年代。
  初秋的西藏天高云淡。藍天、金黃的楊樹葉、白色的醫(yī)院,在我這個畫家眼中,可以組織成明麗的彩畫。但這是世界上含氧力最低的地區(qū),光照強得睜不開眼,早晚溫差大,八九點才天黑。空氣干燥,我流鼻血,不停地喝水,成宿睡不著。
  在醫(yī)院的幾天采訪拍照,我聽到了不少李素芝的“民間版本”。
  “這個人很能吃苦,是個工作狂,精歷特旺盛,就是不會過日子,晚上10點多回家,家弄得跟宿舍一樣。”
  “在醫(yī)院寫假條得用廢紙,否則老李肯定打回來。什么事都別蒙他,醫(yī)院有多少個老鼠洞,他都知道!
  “凡是給男病人導尿之類的事,他都自己干,當醫(yī)生時就這樣,這讓女護士都很感激”。
  “他老家的幾個妹妹下崗,來這想讓他幫忙找點活干,他都沒管。他工資高,貼補了點錢,有幾個回去了。一個小妹妹曾留在拉薩菜市場做點小生意,市場上一個賣菜的山東大姐幫的忙。”
  李素芝總算是回來了。院長辦公室門口走廊里,工作人員、軍醫(yī)、病人二三十人排著長隊。
  剛進去的幾個藏民,把辦公室渲染著濃重的藏族氣氛,藏袍、藏帽、黝黑發(fā)紅的臉,連空氣中來蘇水的味道,也頓時混雜進了藏民那特有的酥油茶味道。幾個軍人關于一項辦公支出的討論,被一句“問清楚都干什么的,得壓縮”收尾。透過人縫,我看見說話的軍人抽著煙,皺著眉,態(tài)度很嚴肅。陪同的工作人員說,那就是李將軍。我仔細打量著,頭發(fā)已灰白,個子不高,聲音不大,人很低調。30多年的雪域烈風刮去了他少年的英氣,臉上的“高原紅”和豬肝色,布滿血絲的眼睛,不穿軍裝,活脫脫一個“老西藏”,這是一個完全被環(huán)境同化了的山東人。那幾個藏民說著不太流利的漢語,找他看透視的片子。迎著窗口陽光,他目光和語調都變得很柔和很溫暖。我很難想象一個行醫(yī)30多年的大夫、院長,還會對貿然上門的病人有如此大的耐心、謙和。
  辦公柜上放著一個心臟模型。聽說心胸外科專家李素芝,號稱“高原一把刀”。門診、查房、手術,我就在旁邊一直緊跟著他,抓拍了上千張工作照片。查房時就碰到一個心臟手術不久,身上插滿了管子的小姑娘,李素芝耐心地檢查并叮囑著醫(yī)生。原來西藏高寒缺氧,先天性心臟病發(fā)病率是內地的兩三倍,有的一家就好幾個。
  1978年,李素芝從邊防回到西藏軍區(qū)總院,主管的第一個病人就死于先心病。這成為多年來他心理上的陰影。于是從那時起的20年,工作之余,李素芝堅持做了這樣一件事:
  第一個10年,在醫(yī)院停尸房旁,找了間土木房做實驗室。有人說他想出風頭,有人嘲笑他缺氧神經末梢血壓不夠,頭腦不清醒,得了妄想癥。因為連外國專家在這海拔3500米以上的高原,做的兩例心臟手術都失敗了。沒經費就自己掏工資,買設備買狗做動物實驗,到處學習;第二個10年,動物實驗成功的基礎上,繼續(xù)深入。2000年,李素芝把自己親戚家的一個患先心病的小外孫拉上高原,用一天時間做了第一例實驗,手術成功,從此以后心臟手術得以全面開展。到現在心臟、肝腎移植等重大手術做了上千例,許多都創(chuàng)下了世界醫(yī)學奇跡。34年,時間鍛造出了最鋒利的手術刀。
  李素芝與母親的合影,一直擺在宿舍里。母親,災荒年能把糧食勻給別人,而給自己的6個孩子煮湯喝;病危時怕耽誤西藏的老二,把工作、聲譽看得比命重。與四十年代參加革命的沂蒙老區(qū)的父母一樣,兩代人都有著為國家擔當的責任感、使命感。
  1996年,李素芝當院長后,就帶醫(yī)療隊到邊防連隊哨所和農牧區(qū)、寺院巡回醫(yī)療,還發(fā)放了上萬個免費醫(yī)療證,免費做心臟、復明手術。李素芝說,免費醫(yī)療證,發(fā)給駐地附近的,那些邊遠牧區(qū)的牧民,別說交醫(yī)藥費,就是生活費、路費也是醫(yī)院保障,每年最少要補貼幾千萬。
  曾有心理學家做過分析,對職業(yè)的主動選擇源于幼小時潛意識的渴望。李素芝有過這樣一個經歷:十幾歲的一個雨夜高燒,母親背著他沖向鄉(xiāng)衛(wèi)生院,可因為只有兩毛錢被大夫拒之門外,吵鬧中一名主治大夫開門救了他。所以在后來部隊推薦的幾個學校中,李素芝選擇了軍醫(yī),并記住了雨夜里的主治醫(yī)生,名叫張子善。
  手術刀下都是一樣的生命,李素芝說。
  藏民對我說,在“門巴將軍”眼里沒有官民之分,當官的、老百姓一樣看待。他確實是一個好人。僧人說,從佛教角度講,他確實大慈大悲。
  我在大昭寺搜集素材,目睹無數的善男信女,一路等身長頭,磕到大昭寺求福祈愿。幾天下來,那些遠道而來的藏民,在我的鏡頭下,從起初不好意思躲鏡頭,到一見如故,友好地對我說笑。有時我覺得李素芝也像個朝圣者,懷揣信念,身體力行,丈量人生。
  
  戰(zhàn)士的“守護神”
  “我坐著火車去拉薩,看看那雄偉的布達拉⋯⋯”,磁帶里的歌聲不停地在車中回蕩。為獲得第一手素材,離開拉薩,行程數千里,我重走醫(yī)院義務巡回醫(yī)療的路。
  遠處地平線上雪山連綿,成群的牛羊像悠閑的云朵,繡在一望無際的金黃色草地上,間或一列火車從青藏鐵路疾駛而過,車上陪同人員興奮地喊著“火車,火車”。與李素芝那些老西藏講博愛奉獻的年代不同,這些趕上西藏提速的年輕人,科研學習條件今非昔比。十幾年前醫(yī)院考出去27名研究生,個個“孔雀東南飛”,一個都不回來,F在不同了,“遇到人才,院長的防線就軟了,能答應的都答應,當寶貝一樣,許多人都被他感動來的。碩士以上、副主任醫(yī)師職稱以上,房子、電話、吃飯,和院領導一個待遇。李院長愛說,踩著我的肩膀上”。
  在西藏不能說沒動搖過,李素芝曾很直率地說,當年自愿申請進藏,同學說我傻。人生各有歸路,在一個特定的年代,主動選擇了另外一種人生,個人命運也伴隨著國家的每一步發(fā)展,當上院長、博導、將軍,說我傻的人少了。西藏人特別容易動真感情,你給他做點事情,他會10倍20倍報答你。在西藏當醫(yī)生,我覺得不虧。
  多年的繪畫經歷,骨子里的平民情結,我早已把情感融入了尋常百姓的現實生活。即使在這樣貧瘠的荒原,也有著讓人激動的情感和精神。人們的堅韌質樸和信仰,給了我豐厚的滋養(yǎng)。我不停的記錄著,以至于陪同我的軍醫(yī)不斷提醒,慢點,這是在高原。
  中印臨時邊界線的軍營建在山坡上。滿山的野杜鵑在凜冽的風雪中傲立,戰(zhàn)士們用彩色的石頭在山坡上,勾畫出一幅中國地圖。地圖中央兩行字“祖國在我心中,我在祖國懷抱”。在冰天雪地的世界屋脊上,我被震撼著!白鎳眱蓚字,第一次在我心中如此真切。
  缺氧、嚴寒、高原疾病,就連普通感冒引起肺水腫,也危及戰(zhàn)士生命。幾十年來,李素芝含淚送別了許多戰(zhàn)友。西藏軍區(qū)原司令員張貴榮,就是在騎馬下邊防的途中發(fā)病,永遠地長眠在雪域高原,還不滿50歲。
  1996年,李素芝開始組織醫(yī)院上下,翻雪山、跑邊卡、上哨所調研,采集藥物標本,做動物實驗,攻關組在部隊營區(qū)訓練場考察。近一年時間,預防高原病的“高原康膠囊”研制成功。至今,駐藏部隊沒有一名官兵因急性高山病死亡。戰(zhàn)士們把李素芝稱為“守護神”。
  
  雪域天使
  從西藏回來的日子里,我沉浸在激動中。靈魂的凈化、心靈的震撼,還有那20多天難以忘卻的記憶。紫外線灼傷,臉上起滿了水泡,心臟也經歷了一次高原的檢驗,連續(xù)幾個月隱隱作痛。但我欣慰的是,我為創(chuàng)作帶回了大量第一手素材。
  李素芝的形象,天天浮現在我眼前:他與藏民和藹地交談;他給小患者慈祥地聽診;他和軍醫(yī)們在雪地里推車前行;他在野外和同事就著雪團吃干糧;他在青藏鐵路羊八井工地,給鋪路工人醫(yī)診;牧區(qū)巡診臨別時,藏民們蜂擁著為他和軍醫(yī)們獻上哈達,甚至是他用那纏著透明膠帶的老款手機打電話的樣子,這個樸實、敬業(yè)、堅韌的山東漢子啊,你在雪域高原近40年的生命歷程和豐富情感,我該如何去描繪啊!
  最后我選定了李素芝到牧區(qū)巡診,為兒童篩查先心病的場面,把我內心真切的感受表達出來。
  2009年歲末,第十一屆全國美展獲獎作品展在中國美術館舉辦。在20件國畫獲獎作品中,《雪域天使――門巴將軍李素芝在牧區(qū)》獲得銀獎,同時獲得國家級中國美術最高榮譽獎:首屆中國美術獎?創(chuàng)作獎,并入選中央統戰(zhàn)部主辦的《靈感高原》西藏主題展。
  獲獎作品刊登后,一位美術專業(yè)的年輕網友點評說,這畫獲獎考慮政治因素了。我回貼,如果你到七八千米邊卡去看看戰(zhàn)士怎么生活,你看看那么多一貧如洗的人們免費治療保住了命,你看看研制的藥用上多少年沒死過人,你就知道什么是政治了。
  畫裝裱在兩米多的展板上。記得抬畫板等著裝車,是個悶熱八月天的傍晚。畫里牦牛在草地悠閑信步,眼前喧囂都市人頭攢動、車流如織。邊遠牧區(qū)的藏民們緊緊相擁著他們的“門巴”將軍,靜靜地倚靠在展廳門口的一個角落。不少路人被真人大小的28個人物吸引圍過來看,“好人、好大夫,太不容易了,現在醫(yī)患關系緊張,難得啊,那種苦地方也呆了一輩子啊”。人們駐足許久,仔細打量,前后端詳,深情凝望。夕陽下,畫里畫外溫情脈脈。
  經專家小組評議,中國美術館準備收藏這幅作品,我答應了。放在家中自己看,留在中國美術館大家看。多少年后,后人也會通過這幅畫知道有李素芝這樣一個人,同樣也會被這幅畫背后他的故事所感動⋯⋯
  2009年國慶前夕,在電視上又看到了李素芝,作為19名山東籍候選人之一,他被評為“雙百人物”,還當選“新中國成立以來感動中國人物”。兩年不到,他頭發(fā)白了不少。從22歲到年過半百,生命中最寶貴的34年留在了雪域高原。李素芝說,人這一輩子能干事的好時候,實在太短了。
  我想,謹以《雪域天使》獻給那些堅守并貢獻在西藏的人們吧。
  
  In Tibetan Menba means a doctor.
  In 2009, I spent seven months on painting a traditional Chinese picture.
  The size of the picture is about roughly two square meters. At the center of the picture a military doctor is concentrating on auscultating a little Tibetan child. More than 20 Tibetan people form two lines. Among them, there we see a mother holding a baby waiting for diagnosis, old men and old women looking around curiously, a woman busy with serving tea and children sleeping on the grassland. The young Tibetan girl shyly smiling to the outside of the picture takes the readers into the scene of the picture, producing a marvelous image.
  In 2007, at the invitation of the Art and Literature Bureau of the PLA General Political Department, I went to Tibet to collect raw materials to create a painting to display the merits of General Li Suzhi, who is Vice Commander of Tibet Military Region and President of the General Hospital of Tibet Military Region. At that time, I knew nothing about Li Suzhi save for his resume: Li Suzhi, born in Linyi, Shandong Province, joined in the army in 1970. After graduating from military school in 1976, he was assigned a job at the General Surgery Department of Changhai Hospital of Shanghai No. 2 Military Medical University, were he encountered a Tibetan soldier who came to Shanghai to be hospitalized due to delayed treatment in Tibet. Hearing that Tibet was short of doctors and medicine, 22-year-old Li Suzhi applied to work in Tibet. Then he was assigned as a frontier military doctor at Shannan Military Branch of Tibet Military Region.
  When I took an aerial view of the snow-covered mountain in the ten thousand-meter high sky, his legendary name aroused much imagination in my mind. Was he a bold military man with high skills or a scrupulous and courteous doctor? I tried to picture this man who was called by the Tibetan people “General Menba” from the viewpoint of a painter.
  In 1978, Li Suzhi came back to work at the General Hospital of Tibet Military Region. The first patient he was responsible for died of congenital heart disease, which left unhappy memories in his mind. Since then, over the past 20 years, he has insisted on doing the following things.
  In the first 10 years, he established a lab in a simple room next to the mortuary in the hospital. Since on the 3,500-meter high plateau, even the foreign expert failed to perform successfully two cardiac operations. Without funding, he used his own salary to buy the equipment and dogs used for experimental operations. In the second 10 years, he continued his exploration. In 2000, Li Suzhi took the grandson of a relative of his who suffered from congenital disease to the Tibet plateau and performed the cardiac operation for him in one day. The operation was successful. After that, he started to perform cardiac operations regularly. Thus far, he has done more than 1,000 cardiac and liver and kidney transplant operations, which created many medical miracles in the world.
  In 1996, after acting as President of the General Hospital of Tibet Military Region, Li Suzhi took a medical team to launch mobile medical treatment for the frontier guards, agricultural and pastoral areas, and monasteries. Moreover, he distributed more than 10,000 free medical treatment certificates to have cardiac and cataract operations done. Li Suzhi said that the herdsmen receiving the free medical certificate not only were free from paying the medical expenses, but also were free from paying their boarding and travel expenses. In one year, the hospital needs to subsidize these people by at least ten millions yuan.
  In 1996, Li Suzhi started to organize research among the frontier guards to produce new medicines. In one year, the “Plateau Health Capsule” used to prevent the plateau disease was successfully developed. Thus far, no military officer or soldier of the Tibet Military Region has died of acute mountain sickness.
  At the end of 2009, exhibition of the prize-winning works of the 11th National Fine Arts Exhibition sponsored by the Ministry of Culture, which was held once every five years, was held at the Gallery of China in Beijing. Angel in the Snow Region―General Menba Li Suzhi in the Pastoral Area was granted the silver prize.
  Just before the National Day in 2009, I saw Li Suzhi again on TV. He was chosen as one of the figures moving China since New China was founded. From 22 years old to his fifties, he left 34 years of his life in the snow covered plateau.
  

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