英美文學導讀
發(fā)布時間:2017-02-12 來源: 美文摘抄 點擊： 
英美文學導讀篇一：英美文學專業(yè)必不可少的閱讀
英美文學復習匯總
一、選擇
Chapter One
English Literature and Overview
1. In Anglo-Saxon period, Beowulf represented the________ poetry. A. pagan
2. Prose literature did not show its appearance until the _________ century.C. 8th
3. Beowulf describes the exploits of a___________ hero, Beowulf, in fighting a-gainst the monster Grendel, his revengeful mother, and a fire-breath ing dragon.B. Scandinavian
4. English literature began with the ___________ settlement in England. Of old English literature, Beowulf, the national
epic of the English people, is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.A. Anglo-Saxon
5. In 1066, __________, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England. A. William the Conqueror
6. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the__________.C. romance
7. After the Norman (來自:www.newchangjing.com 蒲公英文 摘:英美文學導讀)Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke__________. A. French
8. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called__________.B. Robin Hood
9. __________, the "father of English poetry" and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London about 1340.
A. Geoffrey Chaucer
10. Chaucer died on the 25th October 1400, and was buried in___________. D. Westminster Abbey
11. __________was the first to be buried in the Poet' s Corner of Westminster Abbey. A. Chaucer
12. ______ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.B. Thomas Wyatt
13. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was __________ who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Christopher Marlowe
14. Sir Philip Sidney is known both as a poet and as a ________. C. a critic of poetry
15. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen _____________.
B. Elizabeth
16. English Renaissance Period was an age of__________. B. poetry and drama
17. "Shall I compare thee to a summer' s day?" This is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare' s_______. D. sonnets
18. Which is not one of the four great tragedies of Shakespeare? E. Hey VIII
19. Who is not one of the ―University Wits‖? C. William shakespeare
20. ―Liberty, Fraternity, and Equality‖ were first uttered in the book _______ . B. Utopia
Chapter 2
Exercises Neoclassicism
1.______ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century. B. The Enlightenment
2.In the 18th century, satire was much used in writing. All of the following are considered great satirists except ______. D. Daniel Defoe
3.In the first half of the 18th century, the representative author of neo-classicism is ______. Alexander Pope
4.The 18th century witnessed the emergence of two political parties, ______, which were satirized by Swift in his Gulliver’s Travels.
The Whigs and the Tories
5.______, written in heroic couplet by Alexander Pope, was a manifesto of English neo-classicism as Pope put forward his aesthetic theories in it. B. An Essay on Criticism
6.Which of the following is NOT Alexander Pope‘s work? An Essay of Dramatic Poesy
7.Which two periodicals were Steele and Addison‘s chief contribution to English literature? A. The Tatler and The Spectator
8.In the middle decades of the 18th century, ______ became the leader of the classical school in English poetry and prose.
B. Samuel Johnson
9.______ compiled the Dictionary of the English Language, which became the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries.
B. Samuel Johnson
10.Who was the greatest dramatist in the 18th century? B. Richard Sheridan
Chapter 3 Exercises Romanticism
1. The Romantic Age began with the publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written by__________. D.
Wordsworth and Coleridge
2. The Romantic Age came to an end with the death of the last well-known romantic writer_______ . B. Sir Walter Scott
3. The publication of ________marked the beginning of Romantic Age. C. The Lyrical Ballads
4. The English Romantic Age produced two major novelists. They are _____. C. Waller Scott and Jane Austen
5. As contrasted with the classicists who made reason, order and the old, classical traditions the criteria in their poetical creations, _________based his own poetical principle on the premise that "all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. "
D. William Wordsworth
6. In 1850, Wordsworth‘s long autobiographical poem entitled ______ was published posthumously (死后) by his wife. B. The Prelude
7. For his pamphlet _____, Percy Bysshe Shelley was expelled from Oxford and disowned by his father. D. The Necessity of Atheism
8. The unfinished long epic ____ has been regarded as John Keats‘ greatest achievement in poetry. C. Hyperion9. Which is Percy Bysshey Shelley‘s masterpiece? B. Prometheus Unbound
10. His sister Mary suddenly went mad, so__________ took care of his unfortunate sister for the rest of his life. A. Charles Lamb
11. Charles Lamb' s__________made Shakespeare a familiar author to the general readers. B. Tales from Shakespeare
12. Charles Lamb wrote a series of miscellaneous essays, collected in 1823 as the _____.D. Essays of Elia
13. Walter Scott‘s first novel _____ appeared anonymously in 1814 with immediate success.D. Waverley
Chapter 4
1.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend ______ appeared, and it flourished in the forties and in the early fifties.
D. Critical realism
2.English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of ______. The critical realists described with vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society. A.Fiction
3.The greatest English critical realist novelist is ______, who criticized the bourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people.
B.Charles Dickens
4.______ is a critical realist who severely exposed contemporary society. His novels, such as Vanity Fair, are mainly a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society. C.William Makepeace Thackeray
5.Which of the following does not belong to the English critical realists? Oliver Goldsmith
was a movement for political and social reform in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century, between 1838 and 1859. It was possibly the first mass working class labor movement in the world. C.Chartism
7.In the Victorian age, poetry was not a major art form. The main poets of the age include all the following except ______.
D.Robert Burns
8.The first period of Dickens‘s literary career (1836-1841) is marked for youthful optimism. The main novels written in this period include all the following except ______. D.Little Dorrit
9.The second period of Dickens‘s literary career (1842-1849) was a time of excitement and irritation, when his optimism toward society was profoundly shaken. The Main novels written in this period include all the following except ______.
D.Our Mutual Friend
10.The third period of Dickens‘s literary career (1852-1870) showed intensifying pessimism. His novels produced in this period include all the following except ______. Nicholas Nickleby
11.Dickens took the French Revolution as the background of his novel ______. A Tale of Two Cities
12.______ is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of Charles Dickens, in which the early life of the protagonist is largely based on the author‘s childhood years.B.David Copperfield
13.In the novel ______, Dickens exposed the terrible conditions in the English workhouses of the time and the corruption of fake philanthropists.
B.Oliver Twist
14.Which of the following is the masterpiece of William Makepeace Thackeray? B.Vanity Fair
15.The Bronte sisters, who are all talented but short-lived writers, include all the following except ______. D.Jane
16.Which of the following is not a novel by Charlotte Bronte? D.Agnes Grey
17.Emily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled ______. Wuthering Heights
18.All of the following are characters in Wuthering Heights except ______. Mr. Rochester
19.Which of the following comments about Jane Eyre is not right? B.It criticizes the bourgeois legal system.
20.Thomas Hardy is one of the representatives of English ______ novelist at the end of the 19th century. Realist
21.Which of the following statements is not true about Thomas Hardy?D. His masterpiece is A Pair of Blue Eyes.
22.According to Hardy‘s own classification, his novels fall into three groups, including all the following except ______.
D.Working Class Literature
23.Hardy‘s novels of Character and Environment take his home region Wessex as their setting. They include all the following except ______.
C. A Pilgrim‘s Progress
24.______, whose best works include the novel The Picture of Dorian Grey and the comedy The Importance of Being Ernest, is an Irish writer and poet known for his involvement in aestheticism (唯美主義). C.Oscar Wilde
Chapter 5
1. ________ is the founder of the ―stream of consciousness‖ school of novel writing.B. James Joyce
2. David Lawrence‘s autobiographical novel is _________. C.Sons and Lovers
3. Lenin‘s judgment ―a good man fallen among the Fabians‖ refers to _________.A. G. B. Shaw
4. George Bernard Shaw‘s play ________ tells a story about a proprietress of brothels. She considers the profit derived from this business quite honorable. D.Mrs. Warren‘s Profession
5. In 1923, __________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. D.William Butler Yeats
*Geoffrey Chaucer喬叟——Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集
William Shakespeare莎士比亞——Sonnets十四行詩集；Macbeth麥克白; Hamlet哈姆雷特; Othello奧塞羅; King Lear李爾王
Francis Bacon培根——Essays論說文集（名文：Of Studies論學習）
Alexander Pope蒲柏——An Essay on Criticism批評論; The Rape of the Lock卷發(fā)遇劫記
Daniel Defoe笛福——Robinson Crusoe魯賓孫飄流記; Moll Flanders摩爾弗蘭德斯
*Jonathan Swift斯威夫特——Gulliver's Travels格列佛游記
*Samuel Richardson理查遜—— Pamela帕米拉; Clarissa克拉麗莎
*Hey Fielding菲爾丁——Tom Jones湯姆·瓊斯
*Samuel Johnson約翰遜——Dictionary of the English Language英語語言辭典; Lives of Poets詩人列傳
William Blake布萊克——Songs of Innocence天真之歌; Songs of Experience經(jīng)驗之歌。名詩：The Chimney Sweeper掃煙囪的孩子; The Tiger老虎
Robert Burns彭斯——A Red, Red Rose一朵紅紅的玫瑰; Auld Lang Syne往昔的時光
William Wordsworth華茲華斯——Lyrical Ballads抒情歌謠集; The Prelude序曲。名詩：My Heart Leaps Up When I Behold我心歡躍; I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我孤獨地漫游，像一朵云; The Solitary Reaper孤獨的割麥女
George Gordon Byron拜倫——Childe Harold's Pilgrimage恰爾德·哈羅爾德游記; Don Juan唐·璜。名詩：She Walks in Beauty
Percy Bysshe Shelley雪萊——Ode to the West Wind西風頌
John Keats濟慈——Ode to a Nightingale夜鶯頌
*Walter Scott司各特——Waverley威弗利; Ivanhoe艾凡赫
Jane Austin奧斯丁——Pride and Prejudice傲慢與偏見; Sense and Sensibility理智與情感; Emma愛瑪
Mary Shelley瑪麗雪萊——Frankenstein弗蘭肯斯坦
Charles Lamb蘭姆——Dream Children夢中的孩子
Charles Dickens狄更斯——Oliver Twist奧列佛·退斯特（霧都孤兒）; A Christmas Carol 圣誕歡歌; David Copperfield大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾; A Tale of Two Cities雙城記; Great Expectations遠大前程
Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特——Jane Eyre簡愛
Emily Bronte艾米麗·勃朗特——Wuthering Heights呼嘯山莊
Thomas Hardy哈代——Far from the Madding Crowd遠離塵囂; The Return of the Native還鄉(xiāng); The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特橋市長; Tess of the D'Urbervilles德伯家的苔絲; Jude the Obscure無名的裘德
George Bernard Shaw蕭伯納——Mrs. Warren's Profession華倫夫人的職業(yè); Pygmalion匹克梅梁; The Apple Cart蘋果車
William Butler Yeats葉芝——The Lake Isle of Innisfree茵納斯弗利島; Down by the Salley Gardens柳樹園邊
David Herbert Lawrence勞倫斯——Sons and Lovers兒子與情人; Women in Love戀愛中的女人; Lady Chatterley's Lover查泰萊夫人的情人
James Joyce喬伊斯——Dubliners都柏林人; Ulysses尤利西斯
（*代表補充的作家）
1、敘事詩Narrative poem：A narrative poem tells a story in verse. It includes ballads;epics and metrical romances.
2、抒情詩Lyric poem：A lyric poem expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker.
3、頌詞Ode：The ode is a lyric poem of some length that honors an individual, a thing,or a trait dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner. For example: Ode to The West Wind
4、十四行詩Sonnet：A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem with a single theme.Sonnets vary but are usually written in iambic pentameter,following one of two traditional patterns.
5、素體詩Blank Verse：Blank verse is poetry written in uhymed iambic pentameter lines.
6、自由詩Free Verse：Free verse is poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter.
7、圖畫詩Pictorialism：Pictorialism is an important poetic device characterized by efforts to achieve striking visual effects.
8、韻律rhyme：Rhyme is the repetition of sounds at the ends of words.
9、韻腳Rhyme Scheme：A rhyme scheme is a regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem or stanza.
10、格律Meter：The meter of a poem is its rhythmical pattern.
格律分類：抑揚iamb 揚抑trochee 抑抑揚anapest 楊抑抑dactyl 揚揚spondee 抑抑pyrrhic 抑揚抑amphibrach 揚抑揚ampimacer (Iambic pentameter; heroic couplet.必考)
音步分類：一步monometer 二步dimeter 三步trimester 四步tetrameter 五步pentameter 六步hexameter 七步heptameter
11、詩節(jié)stanza：A stanza is a group of lines in a poem, seen as a unit.
12、小說分類Fiction：Fiction is prose writing about imaginary characters and events including novels and short stories.
13、長篇小說Novel：A fictional prose narrative of considerable length,dealing especially with human experience through a usually connected sequence of event,typically having a plot.
14、傳奇Legend：A legend is a widely told story about the past.
15、神話Myth：A myth is a fictional tale originally with religious significance,which explains the actions of gods or heroes.
16、哥特式小說Gothic：Gothic is a term used to describe literary works that make extensive use of primitive,medieval,wild,mysterious,or supernatural elements.
17、現(xiàn)實主義小說Realism：Realism is the presentation in art of details from actual life.
18、意識流小說Stream of Consciousness：Stream of consciousness is a narrative technique that presents thoughts as if they were coming directly from a character's mind.
19、象征symbol：symbols are a part of our everyday lives.
20、象征意義symbolism：symbolism is especially appropriate for poetry because it enables poets to compress a very complex idea or set of ideas into one image or even one word.
21、沖突conflict：is a struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.
22、反語irony：irony always involves a contrast, a disparity between the expected and the actual.
23、人物性格characters：characters are persons – or animals, thins, or natural forces presented as persons – appearing in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.
24、人物刻畫characterization：characterization refers to the personality a character displays; also, it is the means by which an author reveals that personality.
英美文學導讀篇二：英美文學推薦選讀作品書單
英美文學推薦選讀作品
英美文學名著導讀詳注本 (美國)亨利·戴維·梭羅著
1.《紅字Scarlet Letter》Hawthorne（霍桑）
2. 《德伯家的苔絲》（哈代）
3.《傲慢與偏見》 （簡·奧斯�。�
4.《雙城記》狄更斯
5.《瓦爾登湖Walden》 Thoreau梭羅
6.《堂吉訶德》塞萬提斯
7.《格列佛游記》斯威夫特
8.《查特萊夫人的情人》勞倫斯
9. 《愛麗絲漫游奇境記》卡羅爾
10.《女人的肖像》詹姆斯
11.《自立Self-Reliance》 Emerson 愛默生
12.《常識：理性時代》潘恩
13．《老人與海Old Man And Sea》海明威 Hemingway
14.《簡·愛》勃朗特
15.《金銀島》史蒂文森
16.《隱身人》威爾斯
17.《湯姆·索耶歷險記The Adventure of Tom Sawyer》馬克·吐溫
18. 《名利場》薩克雷
19.《霧都孤兒》查爾斯·狄更斯
20.《魯濱遜漂流記》笛福
21.《百年孤獨》馬爾克斯
22.《麥田守望者》塞林格
23.《理智與情感》奧斯汀
24. 《哈克貝里芬歷險記The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn》馬克吐溫
25.《羅密歐與朱麗葉》莎士比亞
26. 《荒原The Waste Land》艾略特Eliot
27.《葉芝抒情詩篇》葉芝
28.《The Gift of the Magi麥琪的禮物》歐亨利O.Hey
29.《失樂園》 彌爾頓
30.《唐璜》拜倫
31.《西風頌》雪萊
32.《匹克威克外傳》狄更斯
33.《愛瑪》簡·奧斯汀
33. 《呼嘯山莊》艾米莉
34.《尤利西斯》喬伊斯
35. 《培根隨筆Essay》培根Bacon
36.《快樂王子》王爾德
37.《賣花女》蕭伯納
38.《白鯨Moby Dick》Melville麥爾維爾
39.《湯姆叔叔的小屋Uncle Tom’s Cabin》斯陀夫人
40. 《窮理查智慧書》本杰明。富蘭克林
41.《睡谷的傳說The Legend of Sleepy Hollow》歐文Irving
42.《Sister Carrie》德萊塞Dreiser
43.《天真與經(jīng)驗之歌》布萊克
44.《艾凡赫》司各特 Scott
45.《圣經(jīng)故事The Bible》詹姆斯
46.《古希臘神話故事the Greek Myths》
47.《夜鶯頌》濟慈
48.《坎特伯雷故事集The Canterbury》喬叟
50. 《福爾賽世家》高爾斯華綏
51.《烏托邦-Utopia》莫爾More
52.《仲夏夜之夢A Midsummer Night’s Dream》莎士比亞Shakespere
53.《貝奧武甫-Beowulf》
54.《海浪-the Waves>伍爾夫
55.《喧囂與騷動》福克納Faulkner
56.《哈姆雷特Hamlet》莎士比亞 Shakespeare
英美文學導讀篇三：河南理工大學英美文學導讀
第一部分：名詞解釋（網(wǎng)上搜索）
Humanism
The study of the humanities; learning in the liberal arts.A cultural and intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized secular concerns as a result of the rediscovery and study of the literature, art, and civilization of ancient Greece and Rome.
Classicism
Aesthetic attitudes and principles manifested in the art, architecture, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restraint. Adherence to the aesthetic values embodied in ancient Greek and Roman art and literature. Classical scholarship. A Greek or Latin expression or idiom.
Romanticism
? often Romanticism An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. Romantic quality or spirit in thought, expression, or action.
Realism
An inclination toward literal truth and pragmatism.The representation in art or literature of objects, actions, or social conditions as they actually are, without idealization or presentation in abstract form.The scholastic doctrine, opposed to nominalism, that universals exist independently of their being thought.
The modern philosophical doctrine, opposed to idealism, that physical objects exist independently of their being perceived.
Modernism
Modern thought, character, or practice.Sympathy with or conformity to modern ideas, practices, or standards.A peculiarity of usage or style, as of a word or phrase, that is characteristic of modern times.often Modernism The deliberate departure from tradition and the use of innovative forms of expression that distinguish many styles in the arts and literature of the 20th century.often Modernism A Roman Catholic movement, officially condemned in 1907, that attempted to examine traditional belief according to contemporary philosophy, criticism, and historiography
Post-modernism
Term used to characterize developments in architecture and the arts in the 1960s and after, when there was a clear challenge to the dominance of modernism; the term was applied predominantly from the 1970s to architecture and somewhat later to the decorative and visual arts. It was first used as early as 1934 by Spanish writer Federico de Onis, although it was not then used again until Arnold Toynbee's A Study of History in 1938 (published after World War II); Toynbee and others saw the 'post-modern' phenomenon in largely negative terms, as an irrational reaction to modernist rationalism. The term was used sporadically thereafter in the fields of literary criticism and music. In the 1970s, however, it came into wide use in connection with architecture to denote buildings that integrate modernism with a selective eclecticism, often of classical or Neo-classical origin. In painting the term took hold later, peaking in the mid-1980s in the USA to describe work that offered a more biting critique of current cultural values than that offered in architecture. If the attachment of the label itself is ignored, however, the
developments may be perceived as continuous with the anti-modernism of the 1960s, which readily related to the growing pluralism in art and architecture that came to be associated with Post-modernism from the early 1980s.
第二部分：一首詩歌翻譯（網(wǎng)上搜索）
課文中華茲華斯的詩歌和莎士比亞的sonnet
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growest; So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 可否將你比作明媚夏日？而你比它更添可愛溫婉。五月花瓣不禁狂風，
夏日之期即將屆滿：烈日炎炎灼人之眼，金色光彩略顯暗淡，
一切美好總會逝去， 自然變遷或是無意間流轉(zhuǎn)：而你如夏日永無消減，
風姿綽約，翩翩依然，死神的遮蔽只是他的夸口，因你將永生于不死詩篇，
活著的人目光所及，這詩篇便流傳于世間，賜你生機無限。
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glanceTossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company:
I gazed---and gazed---but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.
我如行云獨自游 威廉.華茲華斯
我如行云獨自游，在河谷與群山之上飄飛，驀然間，我看到一大群
一大片，金黃的水仙；在湖畔，在樹下，在微風中翩翩起舞。 連綿不斷，像繁星閃亮，閃爍在銀河，沿著水灣的邊緣，它們伸展成無窮無盡的行列；
我一眼便看到成千上萬朵，歡蹦亂跳，頭不停的搖。他們身邊的湖波也在舞動， 但花兒比閃亮的水波更加歡樂；一個詩人怎能不歡欣不已，有這樣快樂的伙伴。 我凝望---凝望---尚未領(lǐng)悟,這景色給我?guī)砗蔚鹊呢敻唬?/p>
因為，當我常常躺在臥榻之上，或者茫然，或者沉思，它們會閃現(xiàn)在我的心中， 這是孤寂中無上的幸福；于是我心中會充滿快樂，與水仙翩然共舞。
BEHOLD her, single in the field, 看，一個孤獨的高原姑娘，
Yon solitary Highland Lass! 在遠遠的田野間收割，
Reaping and singing by herself; 一邊割一邊獨自歌唱，
Stop here, or gently pass! 請你站�。蛘咔吻淖哌^！
Alone she cuts and binds the grain,她獨自把麥子割了又捆，And sings a melancholy strain; 唱出無限悲涼的歌聲，O listen! for the Vale profound 屏息聽吧！深廣的谷地Is overflowing with the sound. 已被歌聲漲滿而漫溢！No Nightingale did ever chaunt 還從未有過夜鶯百囀，More welcome notes to weary bands 唱出過如此迷人的歌，Of travellers in some shady haunt,在沙漠中的綠蔭間
Among Arabian sands: 撫慰過疲憊的旅客；
A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard 還從未有過杜鵑迎春，In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird, 聲聲啼得如此震動靈魂，Breaking the silence of the seas 在遙遠的赫布利底群島Among the farthest Hebrides.打破過大海的寂寥。Will no one tell me what she sings? -- 她唱什么，誰能告訴我？Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow憂傷的音符不斷流涌，F(xiàn)or old, unhappy, far-off things, 是把遙遠的不聿訴說？And battles long ago: 是把古代的戰(zhàn)爭吟詠？Or is it some more humble lay, 也許她的歌比較卑謙Familiar matter of to-day? 只是唱今日平凡的悲歡Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,只是唱自然的哀傷苦痛——
That has been, and may be again? 昨天經(jīng)受過，明天又將重逢？Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang姑娘唱什么，我猜不著，As if her song could have no ending; 她的歌如流水永無盡頭；I saw her singing at her work, 只見她一邊唱一邊干活，
And o'er the sickle bending;―― 彎腰揮鐮，操勞不休……I listen'd, motionless and still; 我凝神不動，聽她歌唱，And, as I mounted up the hill, 然后，當我登上了山崗，The music in my heart I bore,盡管歌聲早已不能聽到，Long after it was heard no more. 它卻仍在我心頭繚繞。
第三部分：作文
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