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基于形態(tài)和DNA序列分析的海龍類藥材商品的基原調(diào)查

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-30 來源: 美文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:


  摘要 目的:為市售海龍藥材的鑒別以及建立質(zhì)量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法:對(duì)我國主要藥材市場(chǎng)的海龍類商品進(jìn)行收集,并通過形態(tài)鑒別和DNA分子鑒別確定海龍商品基原。結(jié)果:共有刁海龍Solenognathus hardwickii(Gray,1830)、擬海龍Syngnathoides biaculeatus(Bloch,1785)、舒氏海龍Syngnathus schlegeli Kaup,1856、寶珈槍吻海龍Doryichthys boaja(Bleeker,1850)、黑斑刁海龍Solegnathus lettiensis Bleeker,1860、斗氏刁海龍Solegnathus dunckeri Whitley,1927、多棘刁海龍Solegnathus spinosissimus Günther,1870、粗吻海龍Trachyrhamphus serratus(Temminck et Schlegel,1847)、光粗吻海龍Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus(Bleeker,1857)、長吻粗吻海龍Trachyrhamphus longirostris Kaup,1856、葛氏海蠋魚Halicampus grayi Kaup,1856等11種基原,其中黑斑刁海龍、斗氏刁海龍、光粗吻海龍、長吻粗吻海龍為首次在中藥市場(chǎng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)。結(jié)論:本文所進(jìn)行的DNA序列分析結(jié)合形態(tài)鑒別方法也對(duì)其他中藥材的市場(chǎng)調(diào)查和商品基原鑒別研究提供了模式。
  關(guān)鍵詞 海龍藥材;市場(chǎng)調(diào)查;分子鑒別
  Abstract Objective:To provide scientific basis for the identification and establishment of quality control standards of medicinal Syngnathus sold in the markets.Methods:The Syngnathus commodities in herbal markets were collected,and the origin base of Syngnathus commodities was determined through morphological characteristics and DNA molecule identification.Results:There were 11 species of origin including Solenognathus hardwickii(Gray,1830),Syngnathoides biaculeatus (Bloch,1785),Syngnathus schlegeli (Kaup,1856),Doryichthys boaja(Bleeker,1850),Solegnathus lettiensis (Bleeker,1860),Solegnathus dunckeri (Whitley,1927),Solegnathus spinosissimus(Günther,1870),Trachyrhamphus serratus(Temminck et Schlegel,1847),Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus(Bleeker,1857) and Halicampus grayi (Kaup,1856).The origin of S.lettiensis,S.dunckeri,T.bicoarctatus and T.longirostris was observed for the first time in commercial herbal markets.Conclusion:The method of DNA sequences analysis combined with morphological characteristics identification also provided a model of other market surveys and commodity origin identification study in Chinese herbal markets.
  Key Words Syngnathus; Market survey; Molecular identification
  中圖分類號(hào):R284.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.02.001
  中藥商品基原調(diào)查是系統(tǒng)整理中藥品種,改善藥材市場(chǎng)品種混亂情況,確定真?zhèn)舞b別目標(biāo),提高中藥質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的前提條件。海龍是我國傳統(tǒng)名貴中藥材,有溫腎壯陽、散結(jié)消腫的作用。2015年版《中華人民共和國藥典》收載其基原為海龍科動(dòng)物刁海龍(Solenognathus hardwickii,Gray)、擬海龍(Syngnathoides biaculeatus,Bloch)或尖海龍(Syngnathus acus Linnaeus)的干燥體[1]。由于目前海龍未能實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的人工養(yǎng)殖,海龍野生資源日益減少,市場(chǎng)情況日趨復(fù)雜。此前調(diào)查研究認(rèn)為,市場(chǎng)上常見混偽品主要有粗吻海龍(Trachyrhamphus serratus)、海蠋魚(Halicampus grayi)、寶珈海龍(Doryichthys boaja)、多棘刁海龍(又名貢氏柄頜海龍,Solegnathus spinosissimus)、藍(lán)海龍(又名藍(lán)點(diǎn)副海龍,Hippichthys cyanospilos)、低海龍(又名低副海龍,Hippichthys heptagonus)、冠海龍(Corythoichthys conspicillatus)、舒氏海龍(Syngnathus schlegeli)等,但目前由于外來藥材數(shù)量增加,且海龍的性狀鑒別特征主要包括體長、體色、眼徑、頭長、背鰭、胸鰭、尾鰭形態(tài)等,在干制過程中,部分性狀損壞,難以區(qū)分,而其體色和表面紋理特征在去除皮膜過程中消失或發(fā)生改變,部分混偽品與正品海龍形態(tài)差異不明顯,需要建立更為穩(wěn)定準(zhǔn)確的基原鑒別方法。近年來隨著分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)和生物信息學(xué)的發(fā)展,包含管口魚目在內(nèi)的動(dòng)植物核酸數(shù)據(jù)庫已逐步建立[2-4]。而此前不同的藥源研究結(jié)果均不一致、對(duì)于同一基原的形態(tài)描述也有差異[5-7],造成市場(chǎng)上品種混亂,摻偽摻假現(xiàn)象普遍存在,急需對(duì)商品海龍的基原進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的澄清。本文通過形態(tài)歸類結(jié)合細(xì)胞色素c氧化酶I基因(COI)序列分析對(duì)收集到的126批市售商品海龍進(jìn)行物種基原調(diào)查,為海龍鑒別提供參考依據(jù)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:海龍 序列 形態(tài) 調(diào)查 類藥

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