摘要：為了對煙葉烘烤過程中排出的煙氣余熱進(jìn)行回收利用，提高熱能利用率，實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能減耗、降低成本，在貴州省開陽縣宅吉鄉(xiāng)潘桐村烤煙烘烤工場對烤房群中的10座烤房進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，增設(shè)了余熱利用裝置設(shè)施，并與未安裝余熱回收裝置的烤房進(jìn)行效果對比測試。結(jié)果表明，烤房群余熱利用可有效地減少燃料用量，平均1 kg干煙葉耗煤1.09 kg，比對照烤房節(jié)約0.305 kg，節(jié)煤率為21.86%;平均1 kg干煙葉省電0.165 kW·h，省電率為18.44%，節(jié)約率達(dá)20.94%;每炕次可節(jié)約烘烤成本160元�？竞鬅熑~均價(jià)、等級結(jié)構(gòu)較對照烤房略有提高，此外，該余熱回收裝置有利于煙葉變黃、干燥、回潮，具有較好的推廣應(yīng)用前景。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙;密集烤房;余熱共享;再利用
　　中圖分類號：S572        文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A
　　文章編號：0439-8114（2018）22-0096-05
　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.22.026           開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識碼（OSID）：
　　Abstract： In order to recycle and re-used waste heat during curing stage， which could achieve the purpose of energy-saving and reduce the cost of baking， ten barn building were improved at Pantong village， Zhaiji town， Kaiyang county of Guizhou province. The waste heat recycling installation of flue gas in tobacco bulk barn was designed and a contrast experiment was carried out for the baking tobacco leaves between the improved bulk curing barn and the conventional bulk curing barn. The results showed that， the improved bulk curing barn had obvious coal-saving effects of fuel consumption， its average coal consumption for 1 kg dry tobacco leaves was 1.09 kg， being 0.305 kg and 21.86% less than the conventional bulk curing barn. The improved bulk curing barn also could save the cost by 0.4 CNY each kg dry tobacco leaves， average power saving of 0.165 kW·h， the power saving rate of 18.44%， and its cost-saving rate was 20.94%. In total， it could save the cost of 160 CNY in baking every times. The appearance quality， grade structure and average price of flue-cured tobacco leaves of the improved bulk curing barn were slightly improved than those of control-cured barn. In addition，the waste heat recovery device was conducive to yellowing of tobacco leaves dry， resurgence. This recycling installation has a good promoting efficient.
　　Key words： tobacco; bulk curing barn; surplus heat sharing; reuse
　　烘烤調(diào)制作為煙葉生產(chǎn)最重要的環(huán)節(jié)，密集烤房更節(jié)能增效的研究已然成為烤煙烘烤設(shè)備更新改革的主要方向[1-4]。密集烤房烘烤是在爐膛中加入燃煤燃燒以產(chǎn)生高溫?zé)煔�，高溫�(zé)煔馔ㄟ^換熱器加熱裝煙室內(nèi)空氣，促使煙葉發(fā)生一系列物理化學(xué)變化，最終使煙葉脫水、干燥、變黃，以獲得外觀及品質(zhì)理想的干煙葉[5，6]。自密集烤房在中國各大煙區(qū)興起普及以來，中國煙草科研人員圍繞密集型烤房進(jìn)行了大量的試驗(yàn)研究[7-12]。蘭樹斌等[13]、楊世關(guān)等[14]提出以生物質(zhì)能作為能源對煙葉烘烤進(jìn)行供熱;田效園等[15]、潘建斌等[16]以熱泵替代煤炭作為能源烘烤煙葉的研究;此外，還嘗試了煤油、柴油、太陽能、天然氣、醇類等新型供熱物質(zhì)[17-24];但最終都沒得到推廣普及，煤炭仍是中國目前烘烤煙葉的主要燃料[25]。據(jù)相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，每1 kg干煙葉的耗煤量在1.5～2.0 kg，按1.5 kg的單位質(zhì)量干煙葉耗煤量計(jì)算，全國煙葉烘烤的總耗煤量可達(dá)337.5萬t[26]，煙葉烘烤耗能巨大，如何實(shí)現(xiàn)密集烘烤過程中節(jié)能減排，降低成本，成為亟待解決的問題。常樂等[27]采用重力熱管換熱器，通過多通道數(shù)據(jù)采集儀和溫度傳感器進(jìn)行測定，在云南省宜良縣九鄉(xiāng)彝族回族鄉(xiāng)進(jìn)行煙葉烘烤試驗(yàn)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，煤炭燃燒排入大氣的煙氣均在70～200 ℃，表明密集烘烤過程中從煙囪中所排出的煙氣仍蘊(yùn)含大量熱量未被充分利用，存在嚴(yán)重的能源浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象，合理利用這部分余熱，將從很大程度上降低烤煙的生產(chǎn)成本。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：余熱 煙葉 烘烤 密集 共享