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綠肥類型和翻壓還田量對漢中煙葉產(chǎn)量·產(chǎn)值的影響

發(fā)布時間:2019-08-25 來源: 美文摘抄 點擊:


  摘要[目的]研究綠肥翻壓還田對煙葉生產(chǎn)發(fā)育指標和產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)值的影響。[方法]2014年5~9月在陜西省漢中市洋縣進行田間小區(qū)試驗,采用綠肥翻壓不減氮、綠肥翻壓減氮相結(jié)合的方法,分別研究了黑麥草和紫花苕子兩種綠肥類型、不同翻壓量對烤煙生長發(fā)育和產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)值的影響。[結(jié)果]綠肥翻壓處理在團棵期煙株的生長發(fā)育情況不如常規(guī)施肥處理,而旺長期和成熟期煙株的長勢較常規(guī)處理好。黑麥草翻壓處理在促進煙株長勢,提高煙葉產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)值,提升上等煙比例及單葉重的效果優(yōu)于紫花苕子。綠肥翻壓不減氮處理較減氮處理更有利于提高煙株的農(nóng)藝性狀、產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值及經(jīng)濟學性狀。[結(jié)論]常規(guī)施肥+黑麥草翻壓30 000 kg/hm2或常規(guī)施肥+黑麥草翻壓52 500 kg/hm2減氮26.25 kg/hm2處理效果好,適合在漢中地區(qū)的地形和氣候條件下種植。
  關(guān)鍵詞烤煙;綠肥;紫花苕子;黑麥草;農(nóng)藝性狀;產(chǎn)量;產(chǎn)值
  中圖分類號S506.2文獻標識碼
  A文章編號0517-6611(2016)18-103-04
  Abstract[Objective] To study the effects of green manure returning on tobacco leaf development index,yield and output value. [Method] Form May to September in 2014,in Yang County of Hanzhoung City of Shanxi Province,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of Vicia villosa and ryegrass green manure types and ploughing returning amount on tobacco leaf development,yield and output value. [Result] The growth of tobacco plants in rosette period treated by green manure ploughing returning was not as good as conventional fertilization treatment,growth potential of tobacco plants in vigorous period and mature period was better than that in conventional fertilization treatment. Ryegrass was superior than Vicia villosa in promoting tobacco growth potential,improving tobacco yield,output value,upper grade tobacco proportion and single leaf weight. Green manure ploughing returning without nitrogen reduction was more favorable for agronomic traits,yield,output value and economic traits of tobacco. [Conclusion] The conventional fertilization of ryegrass application 30 000 kg/hm2 or conventional fertilization of ryegrass application 52 500 kg/hm2 + reduced nitrogen 26.25 kg/hm2 treatment effect is good,suitable for cultivation in the local topography and climate conditions.
  Key wordsFluecured tobacco; Green manure; Vicia villosa; Ryegrass; Agronomic traits; Yield; Output value
  煙草的經(jīng)濟效益主要取決于烤煙的品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量,良好的土壤環(huán)境是實現(xiàn)煙草可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)的決定性因素[1-2]。陜西省漢中市是我國歷史悠久的煙葉種植區(qū),由于山區(qū)耕地面積有限,盲目施用化肥、連作、重茬現(xiàn)象普遍,導致土壤肥力下降,病害加重,煙葉質(zhì)量下降,嚴重影響了煙農(nóng)的收入和煙葉加工工藝可用性[3]。近年來,一些學者針對我國煙田肥力及煙葉質(zhì)量下降等現(xiàn)象,提出了綠肥還田種植技術(shù),用以改善煙田土壤及提高煙葉質(zhì)量。徐祥玉等[4]和劉國順等[5]研究表明,煙田翻壓綠肥一定程度上可以提高土壤肥力,改善煙草化學成分的協(xié)調(diào)性。綠肥翻壓對于改良土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、提高土壤肥力具有較好的作用,可為作物的高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)奠定基礎(chǔ)[6-7]。煙田進行綠肥翻壓后,煙株的大田農(nóng)藝性狀均好于對照,且在常規(guī)施肥的基礎(chǔ)上配合綠肥翻壓,在減氮條件下也能達到增產(chǎn)增效的效果[8-10]。
  但是,由于不同地區(qū)之間的生態(tài)條件差異較大,有關(guān)漢中市煙田綠肥翻壓還田進行培肥土壤、改善煙葉質(zhì)量等方面的研究報道較少。因此,筆者于2014年5~9月在陜西省漢中市洋縣進行田間小區(qū)試驗,采用綠肥翻壓不減氮、綠肥翻壓減氮相結(jié)合的方法,研究了黑麥草和紫花苕子2種綠肥類型及不同綠肥翻壓量對烤煙生長發(fā)育和產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)值的影響,以期為漢中市煙田綠肥改土及提高煙葉質(zhì)量提供技術(shù)依據(jù)。
  1材料與方法
  1.1試驗地概況試驗于2014年5~9月在漢中市洋縣磨子橋鎮(zhèn)進行。試驗點位于107°24" E,33°02" N,海拔600 m。土壤類型為黃棕壤,土壤質(zhì)地砂壤,年均溫度約14.5 ℃,年均降雨量約720 mm,氣候?qū)俅箨懠撅L氣候,溫暖濕潤。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:漢中 綠肥 煙葉 產(chǎn)值 產(chǎn)量

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