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有機(jī)肥對(duì)烤煙生長及品質(zhì)的影響

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來源: 美文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:

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  摘要 采用田間隨機(jī)區(qū)組試驗(yàn),研究了有機(jī)肥對(duì)烤煙生長以及品質(zhì)的影響,結(jié)果表明:生物有機(jī)肥和餅肥配合施用對(duì)烤煙的生長發(fā)育具有一定的促進(jìn)作用,其煙株有效葉數(shù)以及最大葉面積具有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì),烤后煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀表現(xiàn)較好,其中單施餅肥烤后煙葉等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)比例較高。生物有機(jī)肥和餅肥施用提高了煙葉總糖和還原糖的含量,同時(shí)有助于降低煙葉中氮和煙堿含量。單施生物有機(jī)肥或者餅肥對(duì)煙葉香氣質(zhì)和香氣量的提升效果均較好,其中施用餅肥能夠改善上部B1F等級(jí)煙葉的感官評(píng)吸質(zhì)量。綜合分析,施用有機(jī)肥促進(jìn)了煙葉化學(xué)成分的協(xié)調(diào),改善了煙葉品質(zhì),本研究中所選取的生物有機(jī)肥以及餅肥是適宜烤煙生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)有機(jī)肥料。
  關(guān)鍵詞 生物有機(jī)肥;餅肥;烤煙;生長;品質(zhì)
  中圖分類號(hào) S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1007-5739(2016)02-0025-02
  Abstract The test used single factor randomized block design methods to study the effects of organic fertilizer on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results were as follows:the application of cake fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer could promote growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,and the effective leaf number and maximum leaf area of tobacco plant were the best. The economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaves by the application of organic fertilizer were better and the hierarchical structure of flue-cured tobacco leaves by the application of cake fertilizer were higher. The application of cake fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer could increase the content of total sugar and reduce sugar in tobacco leaves and reduce nitrogen and nicotine content in tobacco leaves. The application of cake fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer could improve the quality and volume of aroma in tobacco leaves. The application of cake fertilizer could improve the sensory quality of B1F tobacco leaves. Applying organic fertilizer promoted the coordination of chemical composition of tobacco leaves and improved the quality of tobacco leaves. The cake fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer selected in the study was suitable for tobacco production.
  Key words bio-organic fertilizer;cake fertilizer;flue-cured tobacco;growth;quality
  烤煙煙葉質(zhì)量受土壤、氣候、品種、栽培技術(shù)和烘烤技術(shù)等諸多因素影響,其中適宜的土壤肥力條件是調(diào)控烤煙生長發(fā)育,獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的基礎(chǔ)[1-2]。土壤養(yǎng)分含量豐缺狀況和供應(yīng)強(qiáng)度直接影響著煙草生長發(fā)育和產(chǎn)質(zhì)表現(xiàn)[3-4]。近年來煙草生產(chǎn)由于受連作以及不合理施肥等因素影響,煙草營養(yǎng)失衡、導(dǎo)致煙葉品質(zhì)下降現(xiàn)象較為突出,嚴(yán)重制約了煙葉質(zhì)量風(fēng)格的進(jìn)一步彰顯和提升[5-6]。研究烤煙營養(yǎng)調(diào)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù),優(yōu)化煙區(qū)施肥方案,保證煙葉營養(yǎng)平衡,對(duì)提高煙葉質(zhì)量、降低煙葉生產(chǎn)成本等具有重要意義。有機(jī)肥養(yǎng)分全面,持續(xù)供肥能力強(qiáng),是有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主要養(yǎng)分[7]。研究表明,施用有機(jī)肥,可提高煙田土壤肥力,增加土壤通透性,降低土壤容重,提高土壤團(tuán)聚體和微團(tuán)聚體含量,促進(jìn)煙株根系發(fā)育,增強(qiáng)根系活力,提高煙草抗病能力,促進(jìn)煙株的正常健壯生長[8-9];有機(jī)肥的施用也使煙葉各化學(xué)成分之間更加協(xié)調(diào),能夠明顯改善煙葉內(nèi)在品質(zhì)[10-11]。本研究選擇湖北恩施典型植煙區(qū)域,進(jìn)一步探討施用不同有機(jī)肥對(duì)烤煙生長以及品質(zhì)的影響,以期能夠指導(dǎo)當(dāng)?shù)赜袡C(jī)肥的合理施用,為湖北恩施特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉配套生產(chǎn)技術(shù)提供理論依據(jù)。
  1 材料與方法
  1.1 試驗(yàn)地概況
  試驗(yàn)田位于湖北省恩施市盛家壩鄉(xiāng)桅桿堡村,種植烤煙品種為云煙87。試驗(yàn)田地勢(shì)平整,土壤類型為黃棕壤,土壤基本理化性質(zhì)如下:堿解氮92.17 mg/kg,速效磷7.85 mg/kg,速效鉀164.54 mg/kg,全氮1.78%,有機(jī)質(zhì)20.03 g/kg,pH值5.65~7.54。
  1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
  選擇生物有機(jī)肥和餅肥,根據(jù)不同肥料用量,共設(shè)計(jì)3個(gè)處理,分別為施餅肥750 kg/hm2(T1),生物有機(jī)肥750 kg/hm2(T2),生物有機(jī)肥750 kg/hm2+餅肥750 kg/hm2(T3)。3次重復(fù),隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),每小區(qū)種植烤煙80株,行距120 cm,株距55 cm,試驗(yàn)田四周設(shè)保護(hù)行。按照每個(gè)小區(qū)的實(shí)際面積計(jì)算餅肥和生物有機(jī)肥用量,以底肥的形式一次性施入土壤,試驗(yàn)田其余化學(xué)肥料施用以及田間管理技術(shù)措施按照當(dāng)?shù)乜緹熒a(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)范執(zhí)行。

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