摘 要：對(duì)里約奧運(yùn)周期中美女排在世界排球三大賽中的攔防戰(zhàn)術(shù)及2號(hào)位攔防陣型特征進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明：中國(guó)女排在攔防3號(hào)位進(jìn)攻上與美國(guó)女排存在較大差距，在攔防2號(hào)位進(jìn)攻方面更是存在顯著差距。比賽中在攔防美國(guó)女排2號(hào)位快球進(jìn)攻以及平拉開進(jìn)攻時(shí)，中國(guó)女排的攔防效果不理想且攔防陣型存在較大問題；前排攔網(wǎng)與后排防守未能形成有效配合，防守起球效果差且失誤較多。建議：面對(duì)美國(guó)女排2號(hào)位快球及平拉開進(jìn)攻時(shí)，中國(guó)女排應(yīng)有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行攔防布局，比賽中盡可能地提高雙人攔網(wǎng)的組成率，同時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)臨場(chǎng)情況靈活運(yùn)用防守陣型并最大限度地發(fā)揮自由人的防守作用，以爭(zhēng)取提高球隊(duì)的整體攔防有效率。
　　關(guān) 鍵 詞：競(jìng)賽與訓(xùn)練；女排比賽；攔防戰(zhàn)術(shù)；攔防陣型；中國(guó)；美國(guó)
　　中圖分類號(hào)：G842 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-7116（2018）02-0109-07
　　An analysis of the characteristics of blocking tactics and position 2 blocking formation of Chinese and American women’s volleyball teams
　　YANG Guan，ZHANG Min，DUAN Rui
　�。⊿chool of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China）
　　Abstract： By applying such methods as literature data research， video observation， software analysis and mathematical statistical comparison etc， the authors carried out an in-depth analysis on the characteristics of blocking tactics and position 2 blocking formation of Chinese and American women’s volleyball teams in the three world major volleyball games in the Rio Olympic cycle， and revealed the following findings： Chinese women’s volleyball team was inferior than American women’s volleyball team in terms of blocking position 3 offense， it was even significantly inferior in terms of blocking position 2 offense； when blocking team USA’s position 2 fast ball offense and open offense during the game， team China’s blocking effect was not ideal and its blocking formation had a big problem； front row blocking and rear row defense failed to form effective cooperation， the defensive ball saving effect was bad and there were a lot of misses. Suggestions： facing team USA’s position 2 fast ball offense and open offense， team China should make blocking arrangements in an action specific way， during the game team China should improve the double blocking formation rate as much as possible， and at the same time， should， according to court circumstances， flexibly apply defense formation and exert the free player’s defensive role to the maximum extent， so as to strive for improving the team’s overall blocking efficiency.
　　Key words： competition and training；women’s volleyball game；blocking tactics；blocking formation；China；USA
　　隨著現(xiàn)代排球比賽的對(duì)抗日趨激烈，運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中所表現(xiàn)出來的身體素質(zhì)尤其是扣球力量比以往也加重了許多，且扣球速度越來越快，使得比賽中僅僅依靠單一的攔網(wǎng)或是防守都難以有效阻擋和限制對(duì)手的強(qiáng)勢(shì)進(jìn)攻。不可否認(rèn)，再好的攔網(wǎng)也無法完全封鎖住對(duì)手的強(qiáng)勢(shì)進(jìn)攻，再?gòu)?qiáng)的防守也難以跟上對(duì)手的進(jìn)攻速度以合理取位[1]。時(shí)至今日，優(yōu)秀的球隊(duì)都已經(jīng)將攔網(wǎng)和防守作為一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體來考慮，比賽中努力加強(qiáng)前排攔網(wǎng)和后排防守之間的密切配合，以最大限度提高球隊(duì)的整體攔防效果[1-2]。可以說，攔防效果如何在某種程度上決定著比賽的最終勝負(fù)，意義十分重大。通過對(duì)已有文獻(xiàn)查閱可知，國(guó)外學(xué)者已經(jīng)將前后排攔防配合效果的好壞作為衡量球隊(duì)在比賽中整體實(shí)力強(qiáng)弱的重要組成部分[3]，而國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者也開始對(duì)高水平球隊(duì)在比賽中的攔防體系、攔防戰(zhàn)術(shù)配合以及前后排攔防站位等方面進(jìn)行了相關(guān)探討[4-6]。然而，大部分研究尚不夠深入，尤其是對(duì)攔防陣型方面的研究還較少。事實(shí)證明，在高水平排球比賽中攔防戰(zhàn)術(shù)的密切配合和攔防陣型的合理運(yùn)用也是決定球隊(duì)整體攔防效果的重要因素，這一點(diǎn)不容忽視。

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