舊軍門巷位于泉城路與黑虎泉西路之間,因清督撫軍門曾建于此,故稱之為舊軍門巷。 　　舊軍門巷是一條長(zhǎng)不足200米、寬不過3米的小巷子,但是,這條巷子卻非常有名,原因就在于這里有丁寶楨故居(舊軍門巷11號(hào))。
　　丁寶楨,生于1820年,咸豐三年(1853年)中進(jìn)士,1865年出任山東巡撫。他在山東做了十年巡撫,政績(jī)卓著。當(dāng)然,最令人津津樂道的還是他捕殺大太監(jiān)安德海一事。
　　事情發(fā)生在同治八年(1869年)。慈禧太后私派太監(jiān)安德海下江南替她做“采辦”,安德海得意洋洋,奉了皇太后的懿旨,乘著輪船順運(yùn)河南下。當(dāng)時(shí)直隸總督是曾國(guó)藩。曾國(guó)藩得到這個(gè)消息之后,在直隸的管轄地區(qū),沒有做任何行動(dòng)。但是,山東巡撫丁寶楨得到這個(gè)信息之后,一方面秘密奏報(bào),一方面派人跟蹤安德海的行動(dòng)。安德海一行乘船到了山東,就棄船陸行,到泰安進(jìn)香。在這個(gè)過程里,丁寶楨就派人把安德海一行人給逮了,逮了之后連夜送濟(jì)南審訊,以“太監(jiān)私自出京”的理由定罪,就地正法。左右大驚失色,勸道:“丁公雖不怕死,難道不顧及子孫?”丁寶楨喟然而嘆:“為民除害,身家性命早已置之度外�！边@件事情在當(dāng)時(shí)震動(dòng)了朝野。許多正義的官員佩服丁寶楨敢做敢為,堅(jiān)持正義,但同時(shí)也替他捏一把汗。認(rèn)為他得罪了慈禧太后,輕則罷官,重則論斬。逮住安德海之后,丁寶楨向朝廷上奏,慈安太后接到了丁寶楨的上奏,慈安太后找大臣問怎么辦,大臣說,按照清朝的“家法”,太監(jiān)出宮都要正法,慈安太后也就沒有阻攔。
　　丁寶楨把安德海殺了之后,曝尸三日。慈禧得到這個(gè)奏報(bào)之后非常氣憤:打狗還要看主人,我身邊的貼身太監(jiān),你給我殺了,得了嗎?所以很多官員認(rèn)為丁寶楨這一下可出了名,但也闖了大禍。慈禧收拾一個(gè)巡撫那還不是輕而易舉的事?但是,慈禧沒有給丁寶楨任何處分,反而給丁寶楨升了官:由原來的巡撫升為總督。為什么?有的書記載說,社會(huì)上流傳慈禧和安德海有曖昧關(guān)系。丁寶楨把安德海殺了之后,曝尸三天,人們就發(fā)現(xiàn)安德海的的確確是個(gè)太監(jiān)。這樣,關(guān)于安德海和慈禧太后的一些流言也就不攻自破了。這等于為慈禧太后洗刷了不白之冤,有人據(jù)此以為慈禧感謝丁寶楨,給他升了總督。當(dāng)然,這只是一種說法。還有一種說法,認(rèn)為丁寶楨殺安德海及其后的升遷系由慈安太后和同治皇帝為其撐腰。但不管怎么說,丁寶楨剛直不阿、行事果斷的人格魅力都是抹煞不了的。
　　我見過丁寶楨的照片,用“南人北相”來形容他是恰如其分的。他目光炯炯,直視遠(yuǎn)方,加上胸前飄著的濃密的胡須,確能讓人感到凜然正氣。
　　作為一名官員,丁寶楨政績(jī)卓著。在山東任職期間,丁寶楨把治理黃河作為“政事第一要?jiǎng)?wù)”。同治十年(1871年),黃河在山東鄆城侯家林決口,水勢(shì)洶洶,南灌運(yùn)河,交通受阻,房屋、耕地被淹,百姓叫苦不迭。丁寶楨自告奮勇,奏請(qǐng)主持運(yùn)河工程,下令各級(jí)官員:“倘敢陽奉陰違,有心貽誤,一經(jīng)驗(yàn)實(shí),即將該員正法�！崩讌栵L(fēng)行,于次年春工程告竣,大堤“一律安瀾”。又過了兩年,黃河突然在直隸開州石莊戶決堤,河南、河北、山東、安徽、江蘇數(shù)十州縣悉被淹,而五省河官束手無策,互相推諉。丁寶楨自己捐出巨款,令其子丁壽鶴押解前往山東散放,救民于水火。
　　丁寶楨生活在中國(guó)歷史發(fā)生大變局的時(shí)代,自鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以來,民族災(zāi)難深重。在這“烽火驚傳遍九州”的歲月,他主張“以戰(zhàn)制和”,加緊防御。他致力于“求富自強(qiáng)”的洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng),親自踏勘山東海岸,決定在馬頭嘴、石島、煙臺(tái)、廟島、小石島等洋艦必經(jīng)之地構(gòu)筑炮臺(tái),密植樹木以作掩護(hù)。他以開放的眼光看待世界形勢(shì),認(rèn)為中國(guó)要自強(qiáng),必須學(xué)習(xí)西方,“精求武備”,“仿照外洋槍炮之巧如法制造”,這樣才能“棄我之短,奪彼之長(zhǎng)”,于是創(chuàng)辦山東機(jī)器局,繼而又在成都設(shè)立四川機(jī)器局,成為山東、四川近代工業(yè)的開端。
　　在辦洋務(wù)的同時(shí),丁寶楨還關(guān)注富國(guó)富民。結(jié)束在山東的任職之后,丁寶楨調(diào)任四川總督。在四川總督任上,他做了一樁有益于國(guó)計(jì)民生的大事,即實(shí)行“鹽政改革”。
　　鹽是四川經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要命脈,是財(cái)政收入的大宗,但在此之前,由于體制僵化,官員腐敗,走私猖獗,鹽業(yè)一落千丈,致使財(cái)源枯竭。丁寶楨整頓川鹽,廢除沿途關(guān)卡的苛捐雜稅,一律并入鹽稅統(tǒng)一征收。同時(shí),嚴(yán)懲貪官污吏,將中飽私囊的四川鹽茶道蔡逢年等撤職查辦,一掃官場(chǎng)積弊,又大力打擊盜販私鹽的奸商和走私集團(tuán),將橫行長(zhǎng)江的“大股私梟”如“江大煙桿”、“譚二瘋子”等人斬首示眾,鹽政改革通行一年,成效顯著,財(cái)政收入大增,鹽商運(yùn)銷兩旺,人民食鹽不感困難。此舉不僅四川得利,就連貴州人民也跟著受益。
　　成都平原受惠于都江堰,但因多年失修,堤堰多有毀壞,以致反遭水災(zāi)。丁寶楨到四川后,決定重修都江堰。他起初改筑石壩,但洪水到來便將堤壩沖垮。他認(rèn)真檢討失敗原因,察知古人用鵝卵石竹籠筑壩很有道理,易于使水“溢泄”,于是恢復(fù)古法。用了四個(gè)多月時(shí)間,共挖出淤泥40余萬方,砌筑堰堤12000丈,修復(fù)人字堤130余丈、分水魚嘴3處。又維修了飛沙堰、白馬槽、平水槽的導(dǎo)洪工程,于沿江兩岸植樹保持水土,重修都江堰遂大功告成,川西十四州縣無旱澇之憂。
　　丁寶楨死后,山東父老請(qǐng)求朝廷將丁寶楨的靈柩運(yùn)回山東,葬于濟(jì)南九華山麓。據(jù)說,靈柩運(yùn)至山東時(shí),哭聲震天動(dòng)地。這可以說是人們對(duì)優(yōu)秀官員的一種至高的褒獎(jiǎng)和愛戴。
　　丁寶楨還是一位著名的美食家。在濟(jì)南期間,他曾調(diào)名廚數(shù)十人當(dāng)其家廚。當(dāng)時(shí)濟(jì)南有名的魯菜師傅周進(jìn)臣、劉桂祥等人都到丁府當(dāng)過差。他極喜歡吃炒雞丁。每次宴客必有此菜,他還向廚師面授機(jī)宜,調(diào)理此菜的做法。他調(diào)任四川后,請(qǐng)當(dāng)?shù)貛煾狄沧龃瞬恕Ｇ逋⒃�封丁寶楨為“太子少�！�,他因此有了“丁宮�！钡姆Q呼。人們便將他所喜愛的這道菜命名為“宮保雞丁”,后來,“�！弊謸Q“爆”字,強(qiáng)調(diào)了這道菜的做法。如今,山東、四川和丁寶楨的家鄉(xiāng)貴州三省的百姓都說這道菜是自己省的。貴州人還拿出了民諺作為證據(jù):“沒有宮保雞,不成黔味席�！�
　　舊軍門巷11號(hào)的丁寶楨故居曾是全國(guó)僅存的丁氏故居,丁寶楨在調(diào)任四川總督后,舊軍門巷的宅院賣給了濟(jì)南本道署理東司沈廷杞。而沈的兒子則娶了“瑞蚨祥”布店老板孟洛川的女兒。這處老宅占地約1公頃,原有三進(jìn)大跨院,北有兩側(cè)院。正房五間,足有兩層樓高,十足氣派。幾十年前,因一家工廠蓋宿舍樓,將大部分房屋拆掉了,只有外墻、門樓、影壁和二門還保存至2002年10月。當(dāng)時(shí),筆者曾去查看,發(fā)現(xiàn)丁氏故居的門樓比一般民居的高出近三分之一,約有六七米高。門梢如意磚雕為“喜鵲報(bào)春”和“獅子滾繡球”。門楣為福字木飾,門樓垂柱上也有精美圖案。門前兩側(cè)各有一高近80公分的枕石,雕竹、蘭、佛手、石榴、葡萄等,細(xì)膩傳神。門樓內(nèi)兩側(cè)各有一門房,是衛(wèi)兵安身之所。
　　2002年10月,丁保楨故居的門樓和影壁終也被拆除,舊軍門巷上最后的一絲歷史印痕也被抹掉了。
　　
　　The Old Junmen (Army Gate) Alley lies between Quancheng Road and the West Road of Heihu (Black Tiger) Spring. It is so named because the civil and military governors in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911A.D.) used to establish their armed forces here.
　　Though less than 200 meters in length and 3 meters in width, the Old Junmen Alley enjoys great popularity because it includes the former residence of Ding Baozhen (No.11 Old Junmen Alley).
　　Born in 1820, Ding Baozhen succeeded in the highest imperial examination in 1853, the third year of the Xianfeng Reign (an emperor of the Qing Dynasty). He served as governor in Shandong Province for ten years after taking the post in 1865, and made outstanding political achievements.
　　Ding Baozhen performed successfully as a government official. During his tenure in Shandong Province, Ding Baozhen put the management of the Yellow River as the “first priority in all political affairs”. In 1871, the tenth year of the Tongzhi Reign of the Qing Dynasty, a levee of the Yellow River was broken in Houjialin Village of Yuncheng County in Shandong Province, so the violent flood water forced its way into the Grand Canal to the south. As a result, the traffic was blocked; houses and land drowned, and common people were trapped in a great mess. At this moment, Ding Baozhen took the initiative to ask to be permitted to take charge of the Canal Renovation Project. Once approved, he ordered the government officials at different levels that “one must be punished by law upon verification if he overtly agrees but covertly opposes to the orders and make intentional delay”. He acted vigorously and resolutely. Finally, he finished this project by the next spring and the levee was tamed. Two years later, a levee failure of the Yellow River happened in Shizhuanghu of Kaizhou(today’s Puyang in Henan Province) of Zhili Province (today’s Hebei Province), and many states and counties in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui and Jinagsu provinces were flooded. The officials in charge of rivers in the five provinces could do nothing but make excuses. Ding Baozhen, however, donated a great sum of money which was sent to Shandong under the escort of his son, Ding Shouhe, to help people recover from the disasters.
　　The former residence of Ding Baozhen, at No.11 Old Jumen Alley, used to be the only surviving former residence of Ding. After he was transferred to the post of governor-general of Sichuan Province, Ding Baozhen sold his house in the Old Junmen Alley to Shen Tingqi, who held a temporary post in Jinan, whose son married the daughter of Meng Luochuan, the boss of Rui Fuxiang, a cloth store. This old house covered an area of about a hectare, and originally had three corridor-yards and two side-yards in the north. There were five magnificent principal rooms as high as a two-storey building. Most of the houses were dismantled because a plant built its apartment buildings here, and by October, 2002, only the outer walls, the gate tower, the screen wall, and the second door leading to the main room remained. At that time, it was found that the gate tower of the Ding’s former residence, about 6 or 7 meters high, was one third higher than that of the common houses. The good-luck bricks in the door were carved with patterns of “a magpie heralding spring” and “a lion rolling balls”. The lintel was decorated with the Chinese character “Fu” (Happiness) made of wood. And the gate tower and pillars were also designed with exquisite patterns as well. On each side in front of the gate, stood a rock on which were carved fine vivid bamboos, orchids, fingered citrons, and pomegranates. Inside the gate tower were two gatehouses on each side, where the guards sheltered.
　　In October 2002, the gate tower and the screen wall were finally demolished, which erased the last historical trace of the Old Junmen Alley.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：濟(jì)南 故居 丁寶楨 丁寶楨和他的濟(jì)南故居 丁寶楨簡(jiǎn)歷 丁寶楨后裔