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阿爾卑斯山【阿爾卑斯山的風(fēng)骨】

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-03-11 來源: 歷史回眸 點(diǎn)擊:

  阿爾卑斯山是歐洲最高大的山脈,從熱那亞灣附近的圖爾奇諾山口沿法國(guó)、意大利邊境北上,經(jīng)瑞士進(jìn)入奧地利境內(nèi),綿延1200公里,平均海拔約3000米。      “艾格爾峰”、“明希峰”、“少女峰”、三大名山均屹立在阿爾卑斯山脈。世界著名的滑雪勝地――圣莫里茨高山滑雪場(chǎng)就位于阿爾卑斯山脈的中心地帶,是高山滑雪的勝地,曾成功舉辦過兩屆冬奧會(huì)。這里有海拔超過3000米的高山滑道,讓你可以化身為翱翔在白色世界里的雪域雄鷹。
  冬日的阿爾卑斯山,白雪皚皚,冰川連綿千里,銀白色的山坡陡斜雄偉,是滑雪的最佳場(chǎng)所,也是冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽的熱門場(chǎng)地。除1928年和1948年的冬季奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)外,數(shù)屆世界滑雪錦標(biāo)賽均在此舉辦,而奧林匹克雪橇賽和克萊斯特雪橇賽也都指定這里為比賽場(chǎng)地。
  
  作為世界上山岳冰川最集中的地區(qū),阿爾卑斯山里擁有1200多條,總面積超過4000平方公里的冰川。而長(zhǎng)達(dá)225公里長(zhǎng)、有170平方公里覆蓋面積的阿萊奇冰川規(guī)模最大。從眺望臺(tái)遠(yuǎn)眺,只見它猶如一條巨大的冰雪之河,蜿蜒在少女峰南側(cè)的伯爾尼茲山脈中,浩瀚遼闊。如果在好天氣里觀賞阿萊奇冰川,可以看到它周圍大量的堆石,那是冰川地貌的典型特征。那些石頭都是冰川在其自身緩慢的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中由高山上搬運(yùn)下來的。冰宮是歐洲之巔的另一處勝景。它開鑿在這里冰川表層下20多米的深處,總面積超過1000平方米,已有70多年的歷史。走進(jìn)冰川腹地,只見冰洞、冰廊、冰雪大廳里各種冰雕動(dòng)物造型栩栩如生,而各種色彩獨(dú)特的燈光更加凸現(xiàn)了這個(gè)冰川內(nèi)部世界的晶瑩剔透和神奇多彩。它與法國(guó)霞慕尼一處著名的大冰川“冰之!庇挟惽ぶ。冰之海也是目前阿爾卑斯山消融和運(yùn)動(dòng)最快的冰川之一。為此,人們不得不每年在冰川上鑿新的入口,那些留在冰川上的洞穴,似乎成了記錄冰川運(yùn)動(dòng)的刻度。阿爾卑斯山里有些冰川的面積甚至超過了一些小國(guó)的領(lǐng)土面積。它們?cè)谡{(diào)節(jié)地區(qū)氣候,保存淡水方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。但在過去一個(gè)世紀(jì)中,阿爾卑斯山已有一半的冰川因?yàn)闅鉁厣仙Я。根?jù)奧地利科學(xué)家的觀測(cè)和研究,如果全球氣溫保持目前偏暖的狀態(tài),不用40年,阿爾卑斯山區(qū)的冰川就將全部消失。如果這一切真的發(fā)生,歐洲的低海拔地區(qū)都將成為澤國(guó)。
  阿爾卑斯山的景色十分迷人,有許多世界聞名的風(fēng)景區(qū)和旅游勝地。在雪線以上,景色壯觀的勃朗峰、盧卡諾峰、勃都朗吉峰、杜夫爾峰等名山吸引著來自世界各地的登山者和旅游者。近百年來,高山已成為休假和療養(yǎng)的場(chǎng)所。夏天,這里是避暑勝地;冬季,這里是冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)之鄉(xiāng)。旅店、飯店等供旅游者享用的設(shè)施應(yīng)有盡有,在阿爾卑斯山上有50多個(gè)旅游地點(diǎn)。山中有歐洲地勢(shì)最高的希爾頓飯店,坐在飯店的旋轉(zhuǎn)餐廳里,人們可以觀賞阿爾卑斯山的山景。這里還有歐洲最高的火車站,乘火車可以直接到達(dá)少女峰看冰川奇景。許多地方有電纜車直達(dá)山巔,讓游人領(lǐng)略雪趣。登山的游人如果遇險(xiǎn),有直升飛機(jī)可以提供救助,山里有專門治療骨折、摔傷的醫(yī)院。
  除了滑雪,阿爾卑斯山區(qū)中不能錯(cuò)過的就是泡溫泉了。洛伊克巴德溫泉位于阿爾卑斯著名的溫泉休養(yǎng)勝地洛伊克巴德,擁有22個(gè)露天、室內(nèi)溫泉池,每天有約300萬升的溫泉水流入私人、公共的溫泉浴池中。洛伊克巴德是從羅馬時(shí)代開始發(fā)展起來的溫泉城市。歌德、莫伯桑、威姆佩爾都曾經(jīng)訪問過這個(gè)地方。這里以大眾溫泉中心和現(xiàn)代化的阿爾卑斯溫泉中心為主,并且有很多吸引人的設(shè)施。其中,阿爾卑斯溫泉中心除了室內(nèi)外游泳池外,還有裸體入浴的愛爾蘭羅馬浴堂,提供桑拿以及格拉宏的美容保健等完善的服務(wù)。
  
  由于旅游業(yè)的空前繁榮,也給阿爾卑斯山的自然界生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來了新問題,一些高山動(dòng)物和植物種類瀕臨滅絕或遭到嚴(yán)重威脅。一些國(guó)家正在為此而采取一系列有效措施,避免這里的環(huán)境受到人為的破壞。過去,阿爾卑斯山是歐洲南北交通的極大障礙,從19世紀(jì)中葉起,許多鐵路隧道相繼建成,改變了過去僅依靠低矮的山口按季節(jié)通行的狀況,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)可以南北全年通車,不受氣候條件的影響。
  
  The Alps is the name for the greatest mountain range system in Europe. It starts from a pass near Genoa Bay, continues north along the border of France and Italy, then enters Austria through Switzerland. The Alps are 1,200 kilometers long and the average height is 3,000 meters.
  As the area with the highest concentrations of mountain glaciers, the Alps have more than 1,200 glaciers with the total area of over 4,000 square kilometers. The largest, the Aletsch Glacier, is 225 kilometers long with the area of 170 square kilometers. It seems like a huge ice river winding through the Bernese Alps which lie to the south of the Jungfrau. In good weather, you can see large numbers of moraines around the Aletsch Glacier. That’s the typical
   characteristics of glacial landforms. These pieces of rock are moved along by a glacier’s slow motion. Besides the function of transportation, the glacier also has the two functions of erosion and accumulation. Year after year, all the three functions form the world famous mountain views.
  The Alps has charming sceneries. There are many world famous scenic spots and resorts here. Some famous mountains such as Mount Blanc, and Mount Locarno all attract climbers and tourists from all over the world. In recent hundreds of years, the high mountains have become the place for leisure and recuperation. It is a summer resort and is also a good place for doing sport in winter. There are more than 50 tourist sites in the Alps. The highest hotel in Europe― the Hilton Hotel is in the mountains. Sitting in the revolving restaurant of the hotel, you can enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Alps. Here is the highest railway station in the Europe. You can go directly to the Jungfrau to see the glaciers. If the tourists are in trouble or injured, the helicopters can offer assistance. In the mountains, there are special hospitals for treating fractures and fall injuries.
  You shouldn’t miss the hot springs in the Alps. Leukerbad spring is located in Leukerbad―the famous Alpine spa resort. It has 22 spring pools and every day there are about three million
   people come here for the springs. Goethe, Maupassant, and Whimper all visited Leukerbad. This area takes Burgerbad and the modern Alpine spa center as the main highlight and also has many attractive facilities. Besides the interior and outside swimming pools, The Alpine spa center also provides other complete services such as Ireland Roman Baths, sauna, beauty-care and health-care.

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