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土壤調(diào)理劑對(duì)茶園土壤理化性質(zhì)和茶葉品質(zhì)的影響

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-31 來源: 歷史回眸 點(diǎn)擊:


   摘要:通過田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),研究不同土壤調(diào)理劑對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)和茶葉品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明,施入土壤調(diào)理劑的處理土壤容重均降低,孔隙度均增加,腐殖酸和風(fēng)化煤處理土壤容重分別比化肥處理降低12.5%和5.7%,腐殖酸+風(fēng)化煤處理土壤容重低于腐殖酸處理高于風(fēng)化煤處理。茶葉中氮、磷、鉀礦質(zhì)養(yǎng)分含量以腐殖酸處理最高,這與腐殖酸處理土壤中速效氮、磷、鉀含量較高有關(guān)。茶青產(chǎn)量增加,以腐殖酸的效果較好,增產(chǎn)11.5%;腐殖酸處理茶葉中茶多酚和水浸出物含量都高于其他處理,分別比化肥處理提高20.8%和9.4%。可見,土壤調(diào)理劑的施入既能改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)提供良好的土壤環(huán)境,又能增加茶青產(chǎn)量,提高茶葉品質(zhì)。
  關(guān)鍵詞:土壤調(diào)理劑;茶園;土壤理化性質(zhì);茶葉品質(zhì)
  中圖分類號(hào):S571.1;S156.2;S506.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2014)09-2006-03
  
 。牛妫妫澹悖簦 of Soil Conditioners on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
 。铮 Tea Garden and Quality of Tea
  
  ZHANG Qing1,WANG Huang-ping1,LI Fang-liang1,KONG Qing-bo1,HU Qin-huai1,2,LUO Tao1
  (1.Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
  2. College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, China)
  
  Abstract: The effects of soil conditioners on soil physical and chemical properties of tea garden and tea quality were studied through field experiments. The results showed that the bulk density decreased and the specific weight of soil and porosity increased after applying soil conditioners. Soil bulk density of humic acid and weathered coal treatments were decreased by 12.5% and 5.7%, respectively compared with the fertilizer treatment. Soil bulk density ofhumic acid and weathered coal co-application treatment varied between them. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tea of humic acid treatment were all higher than those of other treatments due to the high contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil treated by humic acid. Humic acid treatment had the highest yield with increase of 11.5%. Tea polyphenols and water extractive contents of humic acid treatment were higher than those of other treatments with increase of 20.8% and 9.4%, respectively compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. Soil conditioners can improve soil structure, provide good soil environment for plant growth, and increase the yield of improve the quality of tea.
  Key words: soil conditioner; tea garden; soil physical and chemical properties; tea quality
  茶園土壤是茶樹賴以生存的基礎(chǔ),土壤條件的好壞直接影響著茶葉的品質(zhì)。長(zhǎng)期以來由于粗放型耕作以及農(nóng)民偏施氮肥等,造成土壤偏酸、結(jié)構(gòu)變差、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量降低、土壤肥力下降等變化,導(dǎo)致茶葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)下降[1]。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的普及和茶葉經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的提高,茶農(nóng)逐漸意識(shí)到這一問題。采取增施有機(jī)肥、施用土壤調(diào)理劑等科學(xué)施肥措施來改善茶園土壤的觀點(diǎn)也陸續(xù)被接受。能改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)和提高土壤肥力的調(diào)理劑品種繁多,其中腐殖酸(HA)是一種分子量大、疏松多孔、褐色的、分子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的物質(zhì),保水性能較強(qiáng),有機(jī)質(zhì)含量大于35%;風(fēng)化煤是一種長(zhǎng)期氧化、風(fēng)化、水解形成的低級(jí)煤,含有大量再生腐殖酸和多種含氧活性官能團(tuán),如羧基、酚羥基、醌基、醇羥基等,從而賦予風(fēng)化煤新的利用價(jià)值[2]。有關(guān)腐殖酸和風(fēng)化煤在蔬菜上的應(yīng)用效果研究較多[3-5],而應(yīng)用在茶樹上對(duì)茶園土壤和茶葉品質(zhì)影響的研究較少。本試驗(yàn)通過茶樹施用腐殖酸和風(fēng)化煤對(duì)土壤結(jié)構(gòu)和茶葉品質(zhì)的影響研究,旨在為茶園施用腐殖酸和風(fēng)化煤提供理論指導(dǎo)。
  1材料與方法
 。保辈牧
  1.1.1供試土壤及調(diào)理劑試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)在福建省寧德福安市天香茶葉有限公司茶園,土壤類型為黃紅壤,土壤的基本理化性質(zhì)為pH 7.21,有機(jī)質(zhì)22.6 g/kg,全氮0.65 g/kg,全磷0.40 g/kg,全鉀26.5 g/kg,堿解氮58.34 mg/kg,速效磷45.2 mg/kg,速效鉀132.1 mg/kg。風(fēng)化煤成分:全量腐殖酸138 g/kg,有機(jī)質(zhì)325 g/kg,水分含量25.6%,pH 5.0,N+P2O5+K2O為2%。腐殖酸成分:N+P2O5+K2O為2%,pH 5.7,有機(jī)質(zhì)496 g/kg。
  1.1.2茶樹品種供試茶樹品種為金觀音,樹齡5年。
  1.2方法
 。保玻痹囼(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn)設(shè)4個(gè)處理:①NPK(F);②NPK+腐殖酸(FH,1 500 kg/hm2);③NPK+風(fēng)化煤(FD,1 500 kg/hm2);④NPK+1/2腐殖酸+1/2風(fēng)化煤(FHD,腐殖酸750 kg/hm2,風(fēng)化煤750 kg/hm2),每小區(qū)化肥用量均相同:N、P2O5、K2O分別為217.5、67.5、90.0 kg/hm2。每小區(qū)面積20 m2,3次重復(fù),隨機(jī)排列。2012年7月施肥,2012年9月采茶青。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:土壤 茶園 理化 調(diào)理 茶葉

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