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基于氣候條件與煙葉質(zhì)量的烤煙適宜種植品種選用

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來(lái)源: 歷史回眸 點(diǎn)擊:

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  摘要:以云煙87、K326、黔西1號(hào)、畢納1號(hào)、南江3號(hào)、韭菜坪2號(hào)、杜鵑1號(hào)品種為材料,在貴州省畢節(jié)市江蘇中煙大方基地單元開(kāi)展品種篩選試驗(yàn)。在對(duì)比分析畢節(jié)大方與國(guó)內(nèi)外優(yōu)質(zhì)煙區(qū)氣候相似性的基礎(chǔ)上,研究不同烤煙品種煙葉化學(xué)指標(biāo)可用性與感官質(zhì)量,對(duì)煙葉質(zhì)量作出綜合評(píng)價(jià),為卷煙工業(yè)引導(dǎo)基地單元的種植品種提供理論支撐。結(jié)果表明,大方與三明、津巴布韋、巴西的氣候條件具有很高的相似性,夾角余弦值在0.95以上,與三明的相似性最高,達(dá)0.98;云煙87的煙葉化學(xué)指標(biāo)可用性指數(shù)最大,為92.14%,且感官質(zhì)量表現(xiàn)最好?偟膩(lái)看,江蘇中煙大方基地單元最適宜種植云煙87。
  關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙品種;氣候;化學(xué)成分;感官質(zhì)量
  中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S572.03文章編號(hào):1007-5119(2015)03-0019-05DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.03.004
  Abstract: A screening experiment of flue-cured tobacco varieties was conducted in raw materials base unit of Jiangsu Tobacco Industry, with Yunyan 87, K326, Qianxi1, binna1, Nanjiang 3, Jiucaiping 2 and Dujuan1 as experimental materials. Based on the comparative analysis of similar climatic conditions between Dafang of Bijie and other high-quality tobacco-growing areas, the chemical indexes of flue-cured tobacco usability and sensory quality of different varieties were studied to evaluate the quality of tobacco, with the purpose of providing theoretical support for the selection of tobacco varieties.The results were as follows: The climatic conditions of Dafang was similar to that in Sanming, Zimbabwe and Brazil, with cosine value above 0.95, especially in Sanming (with cosine value up to 0.98). The leaf chemical availability index (92.14%) and the sensory quality of Yunyan 87 was the highest among the tested varieties. In summary, Yunyan 87 was the most suitable variety in Jiangsu Tobacco Industry Dafang base unit.
  Keywords:tobacco varieties; climate; chemical components; sensory quality
  烤煙品種是提高煙葉質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量的內(nèi)因[1-2],沒(méi)有好品種,再好的生態(tài)條件、栽培管理措施和烘烤技術(shù)都難生產(chǎn)出優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉。品種特性退化、連年種植抗性下降、發(fā)病率較高等現(xiàn)狀,直接影響到中式卷煙煙葉原料和卷煙產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)穩(wěn)定與提高。同時(shí),煙草對(duì)環(huán)境極其敏感,生態(tài)氣候條件能引起煙草生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的改變,是煙草生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ),是植煙地域分布的主導(dǎo)因素[3],也是工業(yè)企業(yè)布局種植基地的主導(dǎo)因素。因此,良區(qū)良種配套可為卷煙工業(yè)企業(yè)提供足夠數(shù)量的優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉原料,從而保證卷煙品牌質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)定[4]。目前,我國(guó)不同地區(qū)烤煙品種的選擇主要集中在生物學(xué)性狀、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、抗病性、外觀(guān)品質(zhì)等方面[5-8],而基于區(qū)域氣候數(shù)據(jù)與煙葉化學(xué)成分和感官質(zhì)量綜合分析的不同烤煙品種篩選研究相對(duì)較少[9-10]。本文立足貴州省畢節(jié)市江蘇中煙大方基地單元,通過(guò)對(duì)比該區(qū)域與國(guó)內(nèi)外優(yōu)質(zhì)煙區(qū)的生態(tài)氣候條件,分析其生態(tài)優(yōu)勢(shì)。基于此,再對(duì)大方基地單元不同烤煙品種的化學(xué)成分和感官質(zhì)量進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),旨在獲得最適宜于該區(qū)域的烤煙品種,為江蘇中煙原料保障上水平提供技術(shù)支撐。
  1 材料與方法
  1.1 氣候數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查
  江蘇中煙大方基地單元位于貴州省西北部,烏江一級(jí)支流六沖河北岸,地處105°15′~106°08′E,26°50′~27°36′N(xiāo),氣候溫和,雨量充沛,無(wú)霜期較長(zhǎng),是畢節(jié)市最適宜烤煙種植區(qū)域之一。大方基地的氣溫、日照時(shí)數(shù)、降水量等數(shù)據(jù)由大方縣氣象局提供,國(guó)內(nèi)代表煙區(qū)氣候指標(biāo)和國(guó)外優(yōu)質(zhì)煙區(qū)氣候指標(biāo)參考文獻(xiàn)[11-13]。
  1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
  本試驗(yàn)于2013年在大方基地進(jìn)行,設(shè)7個(gè)烤煙品種,分別是云煙87(對(duì)照)、畢納1號(hào)、黔西1號(hào)、韭菜坪2號(hào)、南江3號(hào)、杜鵑1號(hào)和K326(對(duì)照)。采用隨機(jī)區(qū)組排列,3次重復(fù),每小區(qū)種植4行、植煙72株,小區(qū)面積4m×10.8m,行距1m,株距0.6m。試驗(yàn)地供試土壤為黃壤,肥力均衡,移栽前,一次性施純氮81.5kg/hm2,氮磷鉀m(N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=10:12:23,全部作基肥。煙苗移栽時(shí)間為2013年4月20日,其他管理按規(guī)范化栽培措施進(jìn)行。
  1.3 樣品采集
  根據(jù)試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)每品種、每重復(fù)選擇具有代表性的煙株25株,取初烤煙葉C3F等級(jí),分重復(fù)、品種取樣2套,分別進(jìn)行煙葉內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分分析檢測(cè)和感官質(zhì)量評(píng)吸鑒定。

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