卷煙加工及儲(chǔ)存過(guò)程中細(xì)菌群落組成及變化研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來(lái)源: 歷史回眸 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要[目的]研究卷煙加工及儲(chǔ)存過(guò)程中細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)以及多樣性的變化。[方法]采用二代高通量測(cè)序平臺(tái),以云煙(軟珍,R)不同制絲工藝的加工工序及儲(chǔ)存過(guò)程的煙葉表面微生物為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其進(jìn)行16S rRNA 基因高通量測(cè)序。[結(jié)果] 盡管不同制絲工藝在相同加工工序中微生物群落豐富度不盡相同,但主要高豐富度微生物類群的種類比較一致;此外,煙葉在不同城市的不同儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間下,微生物類群的變化具有類似的趨勢(shì)。[結(jié)論]該研究對(duì)從微生物角度改進(jìn)煙葉制絲工藝具有一定的借鑒意義,同時(shí)表明煙葉的儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間可能是影響微生物后期群落發(fā)生變化的主要因素。
關(guān)鍵詞制絲工藝;高通量測(cè)序;微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu);煙葉品質(zhì)
中圖分類號(hào)TS452文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼
A文章編號(hào)0517-6611(2018)08-0015-04
Effects of Cigarette Processing and Storage Process on Bacterial Community Structure
CHEN Xing1,YANG Ying1,LI Shanhui2,3 et al(1.Technology Center,China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650231;2.School of Life Science,Sun YatSen University,Guangzhou ,Guangdong 510275;3.Yunnan Institute of Microbiology,Yunnan University,Kunming ,Yunnan 650091)
Abstract[Objective]In order to study the changes of bacterial community structure and diversity in cigarette processing and storage process [Method]The two generation highthroughput sequencing platforms were used to study the processing technology of Yunyan tobacco (R) and the surface microorganism of tobacco leaves during storage.The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced by highthroughput sequencing.[Result]Although different technics in the same processing in the process of microbial community richness was not the same,but the main types of high richness microbial communities were consistent.In addition,the results also showed that the storage time of tobacco leaves could be the main factor affecting the changing of microbial community rather than the cities where they storage.[Conclusion]The study has a certain reference significance for improving tobacco processing technology from microorganism angle.Meanwhile,it indicates that the storage time of tobacco leaves may be the main factor that affects the later stage of microbial community.
Key wordsCigarette processing;Highthroughput sequencing;Microbial community structure;Tobacco quality
卷煙是用特定的技術(shù)和設(shè)備將煙草原料和輔助材料加工制作成消費(fèi)者可吸食商品的過(guò)程。根據(jù)煙葉原料的性質(zhì),卷煙生產(chǎn)的工藝流程是通過(guò)各種加工方法或設(shè)備逐步把煙葉原料和其他輔助材料制成合格卷煙產(chǎn)品所必須經(jīng)過(guò)的加工制造過(guò)程。該流程包括的主要工藝除制絲外,還包括卷接和包裝。有研究表明,煙葉在生長(zhǎng)和調(diào)制過(guò)程中均有微生物在煙葉上生長(zhǎng),其微生物種類和數(shù)量會(huì)隨著煙葉品種、產(chǎn)地、等級(jí)、調(diào)制方式的不同而存在一定差異。對(duì)于煙葉表面微生物群落的研究始于1933 年,Reid等[1]首次發(fā)現(xiàn)雪茄煙葉表面具有大量的細(xì)菌和霉菌,其主要的細(xì)菌類群是巨大芽孢桿菌,而主要的霉菌類群為曲霉和青霉。Tamayo等[2]從西班牙煙葉中分離出的微生物主要是球菌和芽孢桿菌。謝和等[3]從烤煙中分離到了放線菌、細(xì)菌和霉菌,但未發(fā)現(xiàn)酵母菌。邱立友等[4]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),烤煙NC89在自然醇化過(guò)程中煙葉表面存在著占有絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)的細(xì)菌和數(shù)量較少的霉菌和放線菌。王革等[5]在國(guó)內(nèi)初次從自然發(fā)酵的煙葉上分離到酵母菌。研究結(jié)果均表明,發(fā)酵煙葉表面微生物群落的多樣性較豐富,盡管細(xì)菌、霉菌和酵母菌等均有存在,但以細(xì)菌群落為主,且細(xì)菌中的芽孢桿菌所占的豐富度較高。煙葉品質(zhì)發(fā)生復(fù)雜變化的主要特征是煙葉中化合物的分解與轉(zhuǎn)化,其中影響煙葉香氣和吸味品質(zhì)的重要過(guò)程是將不具備香味特性的大分子物質(zhì),如氨基酸、蛋白質(zhì)、高級(jí)脂肪酸、纖維素、還原性糖和煙堿等化合物,轉(zhuǎn)化為各種揮發(fā)性酸或揮發(fā)性香氣成分的小分子化合物[6]。此過(guò)程中,微生物在煙葉品質(zhì)和口味的改變過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。然而,對(duì)于煙葉加工及儲(chǔ)存運(yùn)輸過(guò)程煙葉表面微生物多樣性研究較少,這就使得實(shí)際工業(yè)應(yīng)用中缺乏科學(xué)依據(jù)。
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