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海拔對(duì)烤煙品種NC102和NC297物理特性和化學(xué)成分的影響

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來(lái)源: 歷史回眸 點(diǎn)擊:

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  摘 要:為探討昆明煙區(qū)美引烤煙新品種NC102、NC297的海拔適應(yīng)性,在栽培措施一致的前提下,分別在安寧縣和嵩明縣的2個(gè)植煙鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),以每100 m為海拔梯度,從海拔1700~2200 m共布置10個(gè)試驗(yàn)點(diǎn),研究了種植海拔對(duì)兩品種烤煙物理性狀和化學(xué)成分含量的影響。結(jié)果表明:①煙葉化學(xué)成分和物理性狀對(duì)種植海拔的敏感性表現(xiàn)為化學(xué)成分>物理性狀;②在1700~2200 m的研究范圍內(nèi),煙葉單葉重、開(kāi)片度、總氮、鉀、綠原酸和蕓香苷與海拔高度呈顯著或極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),含梗率、總糖和還原糖與海拔呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)。綜合煙葉常規(guī)化學(xué)成分、多酚和香氣物質(zhì)含量認(rèn)為,昆明煙區(qū)美引烤煙新品種NC102和NC297均更適宜種植在1700~1900 m的海拔區(qū)間,且煙葉品質(zhì)表現(xiàn)為NC102>NC297。
  關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;品種;海拔高度;物理特性;化學(xué)成分;昆明
  中圖分類號(hào):S572.03 文章編號(hào):1007-5119(2015)01-0042-06 DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.01.009
  Effect of Latitude on Physical Properties and Chemical Component of Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties NC102 and NC297 in Kunming
  WANG Yujun1, ZHOU Jiheng1*, ZHANG Yiyang1, LI Qiang1,
  CHEN Lijuan1, LIU Li1, JIANG Shidong1, CHEN Chu2
  (1. Institute of Tobacco, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
  2. Hongyun Honghe Tobacco (Group) Co., Ltd., Kunming 650202, China)
  Abstract: Altitude adaptability of tobacco varieties of NC102 and NC297 were determined in two main tobacco growing townships in Anning and Songming county, Kunming. Data were collected in experiments conducted at 10 sites at every 100 m in the altitude range of 1700-2200 m, where cultivation practices were largely consistent. The effects of altitude on physical properties and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were determined. The result indicated that: (1) The chemical components of leaves were more sensitive to altitude than the physical properties. (2) In the 1700-2200 m altitude range, altitude was significantly negatively correlated with leaf weight, opening degree, content of total nitrogen, potassium, chlorogenic acid and rutin. Also in the 1700-2200 m altitude range, altitude was significantly positively correlated with stem ratio, total sugar and reducing sugar content. In summary, Leaf chemical components, polyphenol content and aroma properties of NC102 and NC297 were optimum at altitude range of 1700-1900 m in Kunming, and the tobacco leaf quality decreased as follows: NC102>NC297.
  Keywords: flue-cured tobacco; variety; altitude; physical property; chemical component; Kunming
  目前,國(guó)內(nèi)煙葉生產(chǎn)面臨著推廣品種單一,品種退化等現(xiàn)象[1],引進(jìn)國(guó)外優(yōu)良品種是解決上述問(wèn)題的有效途徑,也是適應(yīng)卷煙工業(yè)企業(yè)對(duì)品牌導(dǎo)向型原料需求的重要舉措[2]。為此,2005年云南煙草“工商”聯(lián)動(dòng),開(kāi)始了對(duì)美引烤煙品種的引育工作,并通過(guò)多年的實(shí)踐,從7個(gè)抗病性較強(qiáng)的雜交種中篩選出了NC102和NC297兩個(gè)最為優(yōu)質(zhì)的品種。煙葉質(zhì)量風(fēng)格的形成是多種環(huán)境因素共同作用的結(jié)果,光、溫、水、肥、氣、熱等都是影響煙葉品質(zhì)的重要生態(tài)因子,而這些因子往往隨海拔高度的變化而相應(yīng)發(fā)生改變。因此,海拔高度不是單一的因子,而是一個(gè)綜合性的生態(tài)指標(biāo)[3]。羅華元等[4]
  基金項(xiàng)目:紅云紅河煙草(集團(tuán))有限責(zé)任公司項(xiàng)目“云南基地烤煙品種立體優(yōu)化布局研究”(HYHH2012YL03)
  作者簡(jiǎn)介:王育軍,男,在讀碩士研究生,主要從事煙草栽培與生理生化研究。E-mail:375319438@qq.com。*通信作者,E-mail:jhzhou2005@163.com

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