第 五 章 受彎 構(gòu)件 一、選擇題 1．對于承受均布荷載的熱軋 H 型鋼簡支梁，應(yīng)計(jì)算（

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　A．抗彎強(qiáng)度、腹板折算應(yīng)力、整體穩(wěn)定、局部穩(wěn)定 B．抗彎強(qiáng)度、抗剪強(qiáng)度、整體穩(wěn)定、局部穩(wěn)定 C．抗彎強(qiáng)度、腹板上邊緣局部承壓強(qiáng)度、整體穩(wěn)定、容許撓度 D．抗彎強(qiáng)度、抗剪強(qiáng)度、整體穩(wěn)定、容許撓度 1. For hot rolled H-shaped cross section steel beam bearing distributed load, (

　 ) should be checked. A．bending strength, equivalent stress on the web, overall stability and local stability. B．bending strength, shear strength, overall stability and local stability. C．bending strength, local bearing stress at upper edge of the web, overall stability. D．bending strength, , shear strength, overall stability, allowable deflection.

　2．以下計(jì)算，使用毛截面特性的是（

　）

　A．梁的彎曲正應(yīng)力

　B．梁的剪應(yīng)力

　 C．折算應(yīng)力

　D．疲勞驗(yàn)算 2. In which of the following calculation, the gross-section characteristic is adapted? (

　 ) A．Bending normal stress of the beam

　B．Shear stress of the beam C．Equivalent stress

　 D．Fatigue check

　3．某一在主平面內(nèi)受彎的實(shí)腹式構(gòu)件，當(dāng)截面上有螺栓孔時(shí)，下列何項(xiàng)計(jì)算要考慮孔洞削弱？（

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　A．構(gòu)件變形計(jì)算

　 B．構(gòu)件整體穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算

　C．構(gòu)件抗彎強(qiáng)度計(jì)算

　 D．構(gòu)件抗剪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 3. For solid-web members bending in principle plane, supposing that bolt holes appears in the cross-section, weaken factors of the bolt holes should be considered during the calculation of (

　 ). A．calculating the deformation of the member

　 B．checking the overall stability of the member C．checking the bending strength of the member D．checking the shear strength of the member

　4．設(shè)計(jì)焊接工字形截面梁時(shí)，腹板布置橫向加勁肋的主要目的是提高梁的(

　) A．抗彎剛度

　 B．抗彎強(qiáng)度

　C．整體穩(wěn)定性

　 D．局部穩(wěn)定性 4. In the design of the welded I-shaped cross section beams, the main target of arranging transverse stiffeners to the webs is to ensure the (

　 ) of the beam A．Flexural stiffness B．Flexural resistance C．overall stability D．local stability

　5．梁的支承加勁肋應(yīng)設(shè)置在（

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　A．彎曲應(yīng)力大的區(qū)段

　B．剪應(yīng)力大的區(qū)段

　C．上翼緣或下翼緣有固定作用力的部位

　D．有吊車輪壓的部位 5. Bearing stiffeners should be arranged at (

　 ) of the beam A．where the bending stress is great B．where the shear stress is great C．where the concentrated force acted D．where the wheel load acted

　6．在梁的整體穩(wěn)定計(jì)算中，若穩(wěn)定系數(shù)為 1.0，說明該梁（

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　A．處于彈性工作階段

　 B．不會喪失整體穩(wěn)定 C．梁的局部穩(wěn)定必然滿足

　 D．不會發(fā)生強(qiáng)度破壞 6. During the calculation to the overall stability of the beam, the condition that the stability coefficient is 1.0 indicates that (

　 ) A．the beam is in elastic stage B．overall buckling would not happen C．the beam would satisfy the requirements of avoiding local buckling D．the strength failure would not happen

　7．梁承受固定集中荷載作用，采用以下何項(xiàng)措施是合適的？（

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　A．加厚翼緣

　 B．在集中荷載作用處設(shè)置支承加勁肋 C．增加橫向加勁肋的數(shù)量

　 D．加厚腹板 7. For beam bearing the determined concentrated load, which of the following effects is favorable? (

　 ) A．Thicken the flange of the beam B．Arrange bearing stiffeners at where the concentrated loads applied C．Increase the number of the transverse stiffeners. D．Thicken the web of the beam

　8．驗(yàn)算無集中荷載作用時(shí)工字形截面梁的折算應(yīng)力，公式為 f12 23 ? ? ? ? ? ，這里?、 ? 應(yīng)為 （）

　A．驗(yàn)算截面的最大正應(yīng)力和最大剪應(yīng)力 B．驗(yàn)算截面的最大正應(yīng)力和驗(yàn)算點(diǎn)的剪應(yīng)力 C．驗(yàn)算截面的最大剪應(yīng)力和驗(yàn)算點(diǎn)的正應(yīng)力

　D．驗(yàn)算截面中驗(yàn)算點(diǎn)的正應(yīng)力和剪應(yīng)力 8. While checking the equivalent stress of the I-shaped cross-section beam without bearing concentrated loads, the expressionf12 23 ? ? ? ? ? is applied. In this expression, ? , ?

　represents (

　 ). A．the maximum normal stress and shear stress of the checking section; B．the maximum normal stress of the checking section and the shear stress of the checking point; C．the maximum shear stress of the checking section and the normal stress of the checking point;

　D．the normal stress and shear stress of the checking point in the checking section

　9．跨中無側(cè)向支承的焊接截面梁，當(dāng)驗(yàn)算整體穩(wěn)定不滿足時(shí)，宜采取以下何項(xiàng)措施？（

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　A．加大梁的截面積

　 B．加大梁的高度 C．加大受壓翼緣板的寬度

　 D．加大腹板的厚度 9. For welded cross section beams without the lateral supports in the mid-span, if the overall stability could not be satisfied, which of the following measures should be adapted? (

　 ) A．Increase the cross-section of the beam B．Increase the height of the beam C．Widen the width of the flange under compression D．Thicken the web of the beam

　10．受壓翼緣由剛性鋪板連牢的梁，不必考慮計(jì)算的是（

　）。

　A．強(qiáng)度

　B．剛度

　C．整體穩(wěn)定

　 D．局部穩(wěn)定 10. For beam that rigid decking is securely connected to the compression flange of it, it is not necessary to check the (

　 ) of the beam. A．strength B．stiffness C．overall stability D．local stability

　11．雙軸對稱工字形截面梁，經(jīng)驗(yàn)算，其強(qiáng)度和剛度正好滿足要求，而腹板在彎曲應(yīng)力作用下有發(fā)生局部失穩(wěn)的可能。在其他條件不變的情況下，宜采用下列何種方法可以保證梁的局部穩(wěn)定？（

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　A．增加梁腹板的厚度

　B．降低梁腹板的高度 C．用強(qiáng)度更高的材料

　D．設(shè)置加勁肋 11. For double symmetric I-shaped cross section beam, local buckling is possible to appears under the action of the flexural stress while the strength and the stiffness can just be satisfied through the checks. If maintaining other conditions being equal, which of the following measures could ensure the local stability of the beam? (

　 ) A．Increase the thickness of the web B．Reduce the height of the web C．Adapt materials with higher strength D．Arrange lateral supports

　12．驗(yàn)算工字形截面梁受壓翼緣的局部穩(wěn)定性時(shí)要求 / b t 應(yīng)小于某一限值，這里， b 的含義為（

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　A．翼緣板外伸寬度

　 B．翼緣板全部寬度 C．翼緣板全部寬度的 1/3

　D．翼緣板的有效寬度 12. While checking the local stability of the compressed flange of the I-shaped cross section beam, the / b t

　should below a determined limit. Here, b represents (

　 ). A．the outstands of the flange

　B．the width of the flange C．the 1/3 width of the flange D．the effective width of the flange

　13．防止梁腹板發(fā)生局部失穩(wěn)，常采取加勁措施，這是為了（）

　A．增加梁截面的慣性矩

　B．增加截面面積 C．改變構(gòu)件的應(yīng)力分布狀態(tài)

　D．改變邊界約束板件的寬厚比 13. In order to prevent the local bucking of the web of the beam, arranging the stiffeners to the web is adapted, so as to (

　 ). A．increase the inertia moment of the beam section B．increase the area of cross section C．change the stress distributing state of the beam D．change the width to thickness ratio of the boundary constraint plates

　14．焊接工字形截面梁設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)估算最小梁高minh ，若用Q345 鋼材代替 Q235 鋼材，則minh如何變化？（

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　A．變大了

　 B．變小了

　C．不變

　D．條件不充足，無法確定 14. The estimating minimum height of the welded I-shaped section beam is minh, if the Q345 is applied to replace the Q235 steel, how would the value of minh change? (

　 ). A．Increasing B．Decreasing C．Invariant

　D．The variation can not be determined due to the lack of conditions

　 15．加強(qiáng)受壓翼緣的單軸對稱工字形等截面簡支梁，跨中有一集中荷載作用在腹板平面內(nèi)，下列各荷載作用位置。何者的整體穩(wěn)定性最好？（

　）

　A．上翼緣(受壓翼緣)上表面

　 B．形心與上翼緣之間的截面剪力中心 C．截面形心

　 D．下翼緣(受拉翼緣)下表面 15. For reinforced compression flange with singly symmetric I-shaped simple support beam with uniform section, a concentrated force is applied to the mid-span web plane. Which of the following load positions is most favorable to the overall stability of the beam?(

　 ). A．The upper surface of the upper flange (the flange under compression) B．Shear center of the section between the centroid and the upper flange C．Centroid of the section D．The lower surface of the bottom flange (the flange under tension)

　16．對于焊接工字形等截面簡支梁，當(dāng)其整體穩(wěn)定性不能滿足要求時(shí)，采用下列何項(xiàng)措施能最有效提高整體穩(wěn)定性？（

　）

　A．加厚受壓翼緣

　 B．加厚受拉翼緣 C．采用更高強(qiáng)度的鋼材

　 D．在梁跨中受壓翼緣處設(shè)置側(cè)向支承

　16. For welded I-shaped uniform section simply support beam, if the overall stability of the beam could not be satisfied, the overall stability can be improved by which of the following measures?(

　 ) A．Thicken the compression flange B．Thicken the tension flange C．Adapt the steel with higher strength D．Arrange the lateral support at the mid-span compression flange of the beam

　17．某焊接工字形等截面簡支梁，若最大彎矩值一定，在下列不同形式的荷載作用下，何者的整體穩(wěn)定性最差？（

　）

　A．兩端有相等彎矩作用(純彎曲作用)

　 B．滿跨均布荷載作用 C．跨中點(diǎn)有集中荷載作用 D．在距離支座 1/4 跨度處各有相同一集中力 17. For welded I-shaped uniform section simply support beam, if the maximum moment is determined, under which type of the following loads the overall stability is most unfavorable?(

　 ) A．There are same valued moment applied to both ends of the beam (pure bending actions) B．There are distributed force applying to the full-span of the beam. C．There is a concentrated force applying to the mid-span of the beam. D．There are two same concentrated forces applying to the 1/4 span away from the support of beam.

　 18．一焊接工字形截面梁，腹板計(jì)算高度0h ＝2400mm，根據(jù)腹板局部穩(wěn)定計(jì)算和構(gòu)造要求，需要在腹板一側(cè)配置鋼板橫向加勁肋，其經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的截面尺寸是（

　）

　A.－8×120

　B.－8×140

　 C.－10×150

　D.－12×180 18. For welded I-shaped section beam, the effective height of the web 0h＝2400mm, in accordance with the calculation to the local stability of the web and the construction requirements, the transverse stiffeners should be arranged to one side of the web. Therefore, which dimension of the transverse stiffeners is both economical and reasonable?(

　 )

　A.－120×8

　B.－140×8

　 C.－150×10

　D.－180×12

　19.為了提高荷載作用在上翼緣簡支工字形梁的整體穩(wěn)定性，可在梁的（

�。┘觽�(cè)向支承，以減小梁出平面的長度。

　A.梁腹板高度的12處

　 B.靠近梁上翼緣的腹板01 1( ~ )5 4h處 C.靠近梁下翼緣的腹板01 1( ~ )5 4h處

　 D.上翼緣處 19. In order to improve the overall stability of the simple support I-shaped beam which the load is applied to the upper flange, lateral support can be arranged to the (

　 ) of the beam, which

　aims at reducing the out-of plane length of the beam. A. 1/2 height of the web

　B. 1/5~1/4 height away from the upper flange of the web

　C. 1/5~1/4 height away from the bottom flange of the web

　 D. upper flange

　二、 簡答題

　1.簡述影響鋼梁整體穩(wěn)定因素有哪些？

　2.采用高強(qiáng)度鋼材對提高梁的整體穩(wěn)定性是否有益，為什么？

　三、計(jì)算題 1. Simply support beam subjected to a uniformly distributed live load（no requirement of taking account of dead weight）,Q235 B steel is used. I32a， l =6m， allowable deflection 250] [l? ?，partial coefficient is 1.4for the dead loads and is 1.2 for live loads，bending moments about x-axis，according to normal stress and rigid condition, Determine design load of the beam. 2/ 235 ( mm N f y ?，2/ 215 mm N f ?， 45384xqlEI? ? ,2 5/ 10 06 . 2 mm N E ? ?)。

　2.A simply-support main beam shown in follow Figure, P=250kN（design value, from secondary beams）, Q235 steel is used，f=215N／mm2， Vf =125N／mm2, 05 . 1 ?x?

　1) Check the strength of the main beam.

　2) Check the local stability of plates

　3. The figure shows the welded I-shaped simple support beam. A lateral support is arranged at the mid-span upper flange of the beam, the material is Q345B, the design value of concentrated static

　load P is 300kN.Please check the overall stability of the beam.

　4. The span of a simple support beam is 5.5m, a static distributed load is applied to the upper flange of the beam, the standard value of dead load is 10.2kN/m (the dead weight is not concluded), the standard value of live load is 25kN/m. Supposed that the compression flange of the beam have the reliable lateral support, the steel is Q235, the allowable deflection is l/250, please select the most economic I-shaped and H-shaped cross sections, and compare them therefore. 5．P142

　 5.6 題

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