不久前，曲阜“三孔”迎來(lái)了一位遠(yuǎn)方的客人――法國(guó)前總統(tǒng)吉斯卡爾?德斯坦。 　　現(xiàn)年78歲的德斯坦先生曾于1974年至1981年擔(dān)任法國(guó)總統(tǒng)，在此期間為促進(jìn)中法兩國(guó)關(guān)系和雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作作出了貢獻(xiàn)。2003年2月他又出任歐盟制憲委員會(huì)主席，還擔(dān)任著法國(guó)企業(yè)家協(xié)會(huì)法中委員會(huì)主席，至今仍是活躍于國(guó)際政治舞臺(tái)的舉足輕重的政治家。近年來(lái)，德斯坦先生每年都來(lái)中國(guó)訪問(wèn)，此次他在赴上海參加“中法經(jīng)濟(jì)研討會(huì)”期間，表達(dá)了訪問(wèn)孔子與孟子故鄉(xiāng)的意愿。
　　德斯坦先生說(shuō)：“來(lái)曲阜拜訪孔子是我許久以來(lái)的一個(gè)心愿，但真正成行還需要許多機(jī)緣。前不久我在法國(guó)的集美博物館看到了孔子文化展，精美的展品和圖片深深地打動(dòng)了我，于是我下決心馬上到孔子的故鄉(xiāng)去！”
　　
　　細(xì)游“三孔”
　　
　　德斯坦先生、法國(guó)駐華大使藍(lán)峰一行五人輕車簡(jiǎn)從，以普通游客的身份在“三孔”參觀游覽。每到幽靜之處，德斯坦先生都會(huì)獨(dú)自悠閑漫步，享受清雅和諧的人文環(huán)境。在大成殿，他仔細(xì)聽取講解，對(duì)“萬(wàn)世師表”、“斯文在茲”的匾額研究再三，仔細(xì)理解其中含義；在奎文閣，他瀏覽“孔子圣跡圖”，仔細(xì)聽取導(dǎo)游講解孔子周游列國(guó)的故事；在杏壇，當(dāng)他了解到這里是最早的“學(xué)堂”時(shí)，頷首稱是，并詢問(wèn)起眼前杏樹的來(lái)歷；在孔宅古井前，他詢問(wèn)孔子是否喝過(guò)這里的水，還用中文說(shuō)道：“我很想到孔子的出生地看一看。”
　　當(dāng)?shù)滤固瓜壬鷣?lái)到詩(shī)禮堂前時(shí)，曲阜市人民政府外事辦公室主任孔祥成指著兩株千年銀杏樹向德斯坦先生介紹：“銀杏在當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)俗中是儒雅圣潔的象征，我們將以詩(shī)禮銀杏的最高禮節(jié)歡迎德斯坦先生�！贝藭r(shí)，在孔廟游覽的一些游客認(rèn)出了德斯坦先生，他們向德斯坦先生揮手致意，歡迎這位來(lái)自遠(yuǎn)方的朋友。
　　
　　孔子墓前靜思
　　
　　在游覽孔林的時(shí)候，德斯坦先生幾次示意停車，步行游覽，他在幽靜小道上流連忘返，并感慨地說(shuō)：“在這里應(yīng)該放輕腳步，靜靜地思考�！�
　　走過(guò)洙水橋，德斯坦先生來(lái)到孔子墓前，盡管這里游人如織，德斯坦先生還是佇立于此，閉上眼睛靜思良久。在游覽了別處景點(diǎn)后，德斯坦先生又來(lái)到孔子墓前，他示意周圍的游客稍稍讓開，重又閉目靜思。他認(rèn)為：“在這樣的圣潔之地，噪音是最大的污染。”
　　簡(jiǎn)單的午餐之后，按活動(dòng)安排應(yīng)去鄒城參觀孟廟。德斯坦先生卻提議改變計(jì)劃，他還要再去一趟孔林。此時(shí)游客已大多散去，孔林安靜了許多，德斯坦先生下車，徑自前行，又一次來(lái)到孔子墓前。這一次他佇立很久。在返回的路上，他說(shuō)：“我最早在西安就見過(guò)孔子的畫像，據(jù)說(shuō)那是能見到的最早的孔子畫像，一直記憶猶新，在孔子墓前一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)回想，感到更加真切�！�
　　
　　點(diǎn)評(píng)《論語(yǔ)》
　　
　　為直接閱讀中文原著，德斯坦先生在古稀之年學(xué)起了中文，而且進(jìn)步之快讓人吃驚。前幾年他在中國(guó)參加一次文化研討會(huì)時(shí)，居然用中文朗讀了孔子的名句“君子無(wú)所爭(zhēng)，必也射乎。揖讓而升，下而飲，其爭(zhēng)也君子”。
　　德斯坦先生說(shuō)：“我經(jīng)常讀的是英文版的《論語(yǔ)》，書的序言寫得很好，能讓人全面了解孔子的思想，我也喜歡翻一翻中文版《論語(yǔ)》，我與孔子有許多同感，孔子‘信而好古’，對(duì)前賢的思想與業(yè)績(jī)非常推崇，我很贊賞這一點(diǎn)，對(duì)在歷史上作出貢獻(xiàn)的人總是帶有崇敬的心情�！彼a(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“孔子是了不起的哲學(xué)家，他的大同思想、和諧發(fā)展思想非常有價(jià)值，而且孔子為他的理論闡述找到了很多證據(jù)，這顯示出他的理論博大精深，我特別喜歡看這些具體的證據(jù)，非常有說(shuō)服力�！�
　　
　　在曲阜參觀過(guò)程中，德斯坦先生隨身帶著英文版《論語(yǔ)》，當(dāng)談起孔子曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的兩種成功的人――一種是靠冒險(xiǎn)取得成功的人，一種是靠謹(jǐn)慎從事獲得成功的人，他說(shuō)：“我贊賞那種謹(jǐn)慎從事獲得成功的人�！彼退{(lán)峰大使一道從書中找到了出處，對(duì)應(yīng)于中文版《論語(yǔ)》，是《述而》篇中的一段：“子曰：暴虎馮河，死而無(wú)悔者，吾不與也。必也臨事而懼，好謀而成者也。”由此可見，德斯坦先生對(duì)《論語(yǔ)》研究思考的深度。
　　德斯坦先生說(shuō)：“很遺憾，現(xiàn)在在法國(guó)真正去研究孔子和儒家思想的人還比較少，儒家文化是中國(guó)文化的核心與關(guān)鍵，在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展得到舉世公認(rèn)的時(shí)候，中國(guó)文化也應(yīng)該得到更大范圍的肯定�！彼f(shuō)：“現(xiàn)在世界上各種沖突很多，許多國(guó)家解決問(wèn)題的手段比較簡(jiǎn)單，孔子的思想講究中庸和諧，多作些研究也許對(duì)解決問(wèn)題能有幫助�！�
　　
　　鐘情齊魯文化
　　
　　德斯坦先生早年就開始研究中國(guó)歷史文化，對(duì)漢、宋、明、清的歷史文化有獨(dú)到研究，尤其關(guān)注19世紀(jì)的中國(guó)史。在了解到齊魯文化在中國(guó)文化中獨(dú)特的地位與影響后，他表示出濃厚的興趣。山東省人民政府外事辦公室歐非處處長(zhǎng)封燕文向德斯坦先生介紹了山東的有關(guān)情況，當(dāng)談到承載中國(guó)兩千多年文化的泰山時(shí)，德斯坦先生表達(dá)了深深的向往之情，在詳細(xì)詢問(wèn)了一些情況后，他問(wèn)道：“能否騎馬登泰山？”滿座的人們向這位老人投去敬佩的目光。
　　在登機(jī)去北京之前，德斯坦先生在濟(jì)南機(jī)場(chǎng)貴賓室享受了片刻寧?kù)o，茶藝小姐一套完整的中國(guó)茶藝表演吸引了他，他詢問(wèn)茶藝的細(xì)節(jié)與奧妙，按茶藝小姐的提示一一嘗試，輕啜茶水，細(xì)細(xì)品味。德斯坦先生還喜歡中國(guó)書法，品茗之際他提筆留言：“在銘記曲阜美好訪問(wèn)的同時(shí)，感謝山東朋友的熱情接待�！逼渲小吧綎|”兩字還特意寫了漢語(yǔ)。
　　德斯坦先生的第一次山東之行只有短短的一天多時(shí)間，擬定的孟子故鄉(xiāng)行也因時(shí)間倉(cāng)促而取消。在問(wèn)起他是否還會(huì)再來(lái)山東的時(shí)候，他十分肯定地說(shuō)：“一定會(huì)來(lái)！”他說(shuō)：“山東古老的文化非常有特色，我還有一個(gè)心愿就是來(lái)山東登泰山�！�
　　
　　On April 2, 2004, Qufu, the hometown of Confucius, received a distinguished guest from far away Ñ the former French President Valery Giscard d’Estaing.
　　Mr. d’Estaing, now 78, assumed the French presidency from 1974 to 1981. During that time, he made remarkable contributions to promoting friendships, as well as economic and trading cooperation, between China and France. In February 2004, he became president of the Convention on the Future of Europe as well as president of the France-China Committee of the French Enterprisers’ Association. So even now, he is still an important diplomatic activist in the international political arena.
　　
　　Recently, Mr. d’Estaing has been visiting China every year. This year, availing himself of the opportunity to the annual China-France Economic Seminar in Shanghai, he expressed his desire to visit the hometowns of Confucius and Mencius in Shandong Province.
　　Mr. d’Estaing commented: “It’s been my long-term wish to come to show my sincere appreciation of Confucius in Qufu. This is something I have been mulling over for quite some time; but, not long ago, in the Musee Guimet in France, I visited the Confucian Culture Exhibition. The outstanding display of articles and pictures there deeply moved me. Then I made up my mind to visit the hometown of Confucius at once.”
　　As a result, Mr. d’Estaing, heading a delegation of five people, including Mr. Jean-Pierre Lafon, the French ambassador to China, visited the Confucian Mansion, Confucian Temple, and Cemetery of the Confucian Family, which in Chinese are collectively called the “San Kong” or Three Confucian Treasures, which are listed and protected by UNESCO as World Cultural Heritage Sites.
　　Wherever he went in exploring the San Kong, Mr. d’Estaing preferred to walk alone to experience for himself as an ordinary tourist the harmonious human and cultural atmosphere.
　　At the Dacheng Hall (Hall of Great Achievements), the major edifice in the Confucian Temple complex, while carefully listening to the explanation by the tour guide, Mr. d’Estaing made his own deep research into the Chinese characters “Wan Shi Shi Biao” (Model Teacher for All Ages, an epithet for Confucius known to all Chinese) and “Si Wen Zai Ci” (Where Culture Lies), which are found horizontal inscribed on large horizontal boards, and tried to discern the true meaning of these characters.
　　At the Kuiwen Tower, while appreciating the ancient painted pictures of the life of Confucius, Valery d’Estaing carefully listened to the tour guide telling stories about Confucius’ tour of the warring states. At the Apricot Altar, upon hearing that this is the site of the earliest known school in China, he nodded and asked to hear more about the history of the apricot tree found on the site. By the ancient well in the Confucian Mansion, he asked whether Confucius used to drink water from the well and then announced in Chinese: “I wish to visit the place where Confucius was born.”
　　
　　When touring the “Kong Lin” (literally, “Confucius’ Forest”) or Cemetery of the Confucian Family, Mr. d’Estaing asked the driver to stop the car several times so he could walk about on foot. While viewing hundreds of the ancient statues and steles found along the silent, shrouded paths of the Confucius Forest, he became so fascinated by the sense of history spanning more than 2500 years that he was reluctant to leave. He remarked with considerable emotion: “In this hallowed place, one should walk lightly and think silently.”
　　Crossing the Zhushui Bridge, Mr. d’Estaing finally arrived at the tomb of Confucius himself. Though the area was crowded with many tourists, Mr. d’Estaing, stood in front of the tomb, meditating for a long time. After touring other sites in the cemetery, Mr. d’Estaing returned once again to the tomb of Confucius, politely asked the tourists around to slightly make a way, and closed his eyes to meditate once more. He later told us that “In this holy and clean place, noise is the greatest pollution.”
　　After a simple lunch, according to the schedule, the delegation was supposed to move on to Zoucheng to visit the Temple of Mencius. However, Mr. d’Estaing proposed a modification of the schedule, because he wanted to visit the Kong Family Cemetery once more. By that time, most of the tourists had departed, so that Kong Lin was quieter and more peaceful than before. After getting out of the car, Mr. d’Estaing went directly to the tomb of Confucius and stood there once again for a long time. On the way back, he commented: “I saw the portrait of Confucius in Xi’an for the first time. It is said that it is the earliest portrait of Confucius which can be seen nowadays, so I still have a fresh memory of it in my mind. Recalling that portrait little by little in front of the historical tomb of Confucius makes me have a real sense of the man himself.”
　　Mr. d’Estaing also said: “I have often read The Analects of Confucius in English. The preface is well written and can prepare the reader to fully understand the thought of Confucius. I also like to browse the Chinese version of The Analects. I have many of same feelings and thoughts as Confucius, who was faithful to and revered the Ancients. He respected the thoughts and achievements of the sages who had preceded him. I agree with him on this point very much. I cherish a feeling of profound reverence towards all those who made remarkable contributions to history.”
　　He continued: “Confucius is a marvelous philosopher. His conception of great harmony is extremely valuable. Moreover, Confucius found much evidence to verify and exemplify his thought, displaying his extensive and ample knowledge of history, as well as his own times. I especially like to read these concrete examples, which are quite convincing.”
　　During his visit in Qufu, Mr. d’Estaing always carried an English version The Analects with him. When talking about the two kinds of successful people Confucius referred to - those who succeed by venture and those who succeed by careful doing Ñ Mr. d’Estaing commented: “I appreciate those who succeed by careful doing.” Together with Ambassador Jean-Pierre Lafon, he finds the source of this theory in The Analects. In Book VII in The Analects, Confucius thus said: “The man who is ready to Ôbeard a tiger or rush a river’ without caring whether he lives or dies Ñ that sort of man I would not accept [as a disciple]. I would certainly take someone who approached difficulties with due caution and who preferred to succeed by strategy.”
　　Mr. d’Estaing remarked: “It is a great pity that in France there few people really involved in the studies of Confucius and Confucianism. Confucian culture is the core and key of Chinese culture, and the current economic development of China is now attracting worldwide attention. Chinese culture in general should get more attention in academic circles around the world.”

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：曲阜 法國(guó) 前總統(tǒng) 法國(guó)前總統(tǒng)德斯坦曲阜“拜”孔 法國(guó)前總統(tǒng)德斯坦曲阜拜孔 法國(guó)總統(tǒng)拜孔廟