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廢棄鮮煙葉產(chǎn)氣后沼渣的不同用量對烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響

發(fā)布時間:2019-08-24 來源: 感悟愛情 點(diǎn)擊:


  摘 要:為實(shí)現(xiàn)烤煙廢棄鮮葉的最大化利用,研究了以廢棄鮮葉發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物——沼渣作有機(jī)肥對烤煙農(nóng)藝性狀、抗病性、煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:施用沼渣對烤煙田間主要病害無誘發(fā)作用,也不影響烤煙產(chǎn)量,但能明顯促進(jìn)煙葉干物質(zhì)的積累,提高烤后煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀,改善烤后煙葉內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分含量比例,提升感官評吸質(zhì)量;在一定用量范圍內(nèi)隨著沼渣施用量的增加,烤煙田間農(nóng)藝性狀、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分、評吸質(zhì)量等指標(biāo)也隨之加強(qiáng);尤其是沼渣施用量為150 kg/667m2的處理,各項指標(biāo)均表現(xiàn)最優(yōu),產(chǎn)值比對照高383.8元/kg。
  關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;廢棄鮮葉;發(fā)酵;沼渣;產(chǎn)量;質(zhì)量
  中圖分類號:S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2014)20-0033-04
  Influence of Different Application Amount of Biogas Residue from Discarded Fresh Tobacco Leaves on Yield and Quality of Tobacco
  LI Ya-chun1,ZHU Hong-gen1,SHI Wen-qiang1,PENG Tao-jun2,HU Rong-hua1
  (1. Ji-an Tobacco Company, Jiangxi Tobacco Corporation, Jian 343009, PRC; 2. Anfu Branch, Ji-an Tobacco Company, Anfu 343200, PRC)
  Abstract:In order to maximize the use of discarded tobacco fresh leaves, a test was carried out to studied the influence of biogas residue, fermentation product from discarded fresh leaf, on the agronomic trait, disease-resistance and the yield-quality of tobacco. The results showed that biogas residue application induced no main disease in the flue-cured tobacco field and had no effect on the yield. However, it significantly promoted the accumulation of tobacco dry matter, enhanced the economic characters of tobacco, improved the proportion of tobacco chemical component, and raise sensory-smoking quality. In addition , with the increasing the amount of biogas residue in a certain extent, the index such as the agronomic traits, economic characters, internal chemical component and the sensory-smoking quality were improved. And especially the application amount of 150 kg/667m2, all the index had good expression and there was 383.8 yuan per kilogram higher than contrast in output value.
  Key words:tobacco; discarded fresh tobacco leaf; fermentation; biogas residue; yield; quality
  投稿日期:2014-09-04
  基金項目:江西省煙草公司科技項目(201201005)
  作者簡介:李亞純(1989-),男,河南蘭考縣人,助理農(nóng)藝師,主要從事煙草栽培技術(shù)研究。
  通訊作者:朱紅根
  烤煙廢棄鮮葉主要指烤煙生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的奶腳葉和需要田間處理掉的發(fā)育不良、結(jié)構(gòu)僵硬、工業(yè)可用性低的鮮煙葉?緹煆U棄鮮葉再利用率低[1],且含有大量的生物堿(其中92%~95%為煙堿)[2],降解比較困難,處理不當(dāng)容易造成病害傳播和環(huán)境污染。為探索烤煙廢棄鮮葉的循環(huán)利用新途徑,吉安市煙草公司開展了以烤煙廢棄鮮葉作為沼氣發(fā)酵原料的相關(guān)研究,結(jié)果表明,烤煙廢棄鮮葉可以作為沼氣發(fā)酵原料生產(chǎn)沼氣,在自然條件下,產(chǎn)氣周期在170 d以上、原料產(chǎn)氣效率在0.3 m3/kg以上[3]。另有研究表明,沼肥(沼氣池厭氧發(fā)酵的產(chǎn)物)可以在烤煙生產(chǎn)上應(yīng)用[4],施用適量的沼肥可促進(jìn)煙株生長發(fā)育、提高煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)[5-6]。為實(shí)現(xiàn)烤煙廢棄鮮葉的最大化利用,吉安市煙草公司進(jìn)一步開展了利用廢棄鮮葉發(fā)酵沼渣作有機(jī)肥對烤煙農(nóng)藝性狀、抗病性、煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響,以期為廢棄鮮葉發(fā)酵沼渣在烤煙生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用提供依據(jù)。
  1 材料與方法
  1.1 試驗材料
  試驗于2014年3~7月在江西省安?h現(xiàn)代煙草農(nóng)業(yè)科技園進(jìn)行,供試煙田為水田,土壤質(zhì)地為砂泥田,其基本理化性狀為:土壤pH值為5.45,有機(jī)質(zhì)23.28 g/kg,堿解氮128.71 mg/kg,有效磷33.78 mg/kg,有效鉀72.13 mg/kg。

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