不同品種烤煙中后期鉀素吸收和積累特征差異
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-23 來源: 感悟愛情 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要:為了探明不同烤煙品種生育中后期葉片中鉀素的吸收和積累動態(tài)特征,2015年在四川省西昌市采用大田試驗,以9個烤煙品種為研究對象,研究了其鉀素積累動態(tài)。結(jié)果表明,移栽后煙葉鉀素含量和累積量隨時間的變化總體呈先下降再上升,最后又下降的“駝峰”型曲線變化趨勢;烤煙品種間、煙葉部位間鉀含量和累積量存在顯著差異,品種×部位交互作用效果顯著。下部葉存在1個鉀積累峰,中、上部煙葉有2個積累峰。在施用鉀肥時,應(yīng)考慮品種、葉位差異以及他們之間的交互作用。
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;品種;葉位;鉀
中圖分類號:S572.01文章編號:1007-5119(2017)03-0030-07 DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2017.03.006
A Study on Potassium Uptake and Accumulation Characteristic Differences in Leaves among Different Flue-cured Tobacco Cultivars during Middle and Late Growth Stages
WANG Yong1,2, YANG Huan1, CHEN Guangdeng1, LI Tingxuan1*, CHEN Yulan2, MENG Lin3
。1. College of Resource Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; 2. Liangshan Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province, Xichang, Sichuan 615000, China; 3. Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao266101, China)
Abstract: the purpose of the study was to explore the characteristics of potassium (K) uptake and dynamic accumulation in leaves among different tobacco cultivars during middle and late growth stage. A field experiment was conducted by using 9 flue-cured tobacco cultivars in Xichang city of Sichuan province in 2015. The results showed that, overall, leaf K content and accumulation changed as a camel hump shape, which declined first, then increased and finally decreased again. However, there were significant differences in the leaf K contents and K accumulation among different cultivars, among leaf position, and cultivar×leaf position interaction. For K accumulation, there was only one peak in lower position leaves, while there were two peaks for middle and upper position leaves. Therefore, it is reasonable that we should concern these difference among cultivars, leaf positions, and their interaction on K accumulation for K fertilizer application. The results are significant in making K fertilization plans for tobacco production.
Keywords: flue-cured tobacco; cultivar; leaf position; potassium
煙葉含鉀量是評定烤煙品質(zhì)的重要指標(biāo)之一[1],與煙葉的燃燒性、香吃味、安全性及可用性高度相關(guān)[2-3]。FARROKH等[4]提出煙葉含鉀量至少應(yīng)達(dá)到2.0%~2.5%,美國、津巴布韋等優(yōu)質(zhì)煙草生產(chǎn)國的煙葉含鉀量可達(dá)4%以上;而我國煙葉含鉀量普遍偏低,尤其是北方煙區(qū)[5],難以達(dá)到2%,嚴(yán)重制約著煙葉品質(zhì)的提升與卷煙對外出口[6]。要提高煙葉含鉀量,需充分考慮土壤的供鉀能力以及不同烤煙品種對鉀的吸收和積累特征。
前人研究表明,煙株體內(nèi)干物質(zhì)和養(yǎng)分積累遵
基金項目:四川省煙草公司涼山州公司科技項目“植煙土壤鉀素動態(tài)變化與煙草鉀吸收分配規(guī)律研究”(2011-02)
作者簡介:王勇,男(1982-),在讀博士研究生,主要從事煙草栽培方面的研究。E-mail:wy269405@sohu.com。*通信作者,E-mail:litinx@263.net
收稿日期:2017-02-21 修回日期:2017-06-10
循“慢-快-慢”的變化規(guī)律[9-11],移栽后7周煙草對鉀的吸收和積累量即可達(dá)全生育期的70%~80%[12],而到成熟期時對鉀的積累減緩或下降,且鉀素在煙葉中的分配率降低,在非經(jīng)濟(jì)器官中的分配率升高[13-14],導(dǎo)致中后期煙葉含鉀量偏低。而美國煙株在成熟期干物質(zhì)繼續(xù)積累的同時對鉀仍能以較高速率持續(xù)吸收積累[12],其原因至今仍未探明。因此,明確烤煙在生長發(fā)育中鉀素的積累特征,以烤煙的鉀素吸收動態(tài)為依據(jù),配套相應(yīng)的鉀肥施用技術(shù)[7],實(shí)現(xiàn)適時適量的供應(yīng)鉀素,是穩(wěn)定煙葉產(chǎn)量和提高品質(zhì)的重要措施之一[8]。
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