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Smoking

　　Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy1.

　　Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

　　Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

　　Filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.

　　A　Right　　B　Wrong　　C　Not mentioned

　　2.Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy.

　　A　Right　　B　Wrong　　C　Not mentioned

　　3.Smoking may induce lung cancer.

　　A　Right　　B　Wrong　　C　Not mentioned

　　4.There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.

　　A　Right　　B　Wrong　　C　Not mentioned

　　5.Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.

　　A　Right　　B　Wrong　　C　Not mentioned

　　6.Nicotine is poisonous.

　　A　Right　　B　Wrong　　C　Not mentioned

　　7.Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe.

　　A　Right　　B　Wrong　　C　Not mentioned

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B　該題說(shuō)的是：判斷抽煙對(duì)健康是否有危害是容易的。但是，文章的第一句話是這么說(shuō)的：自1939年以來(lái)，進(jìn)行了許多次研究，其目的都是為了判斷抽煙對(duì)健康是否是一種危害。可以看出判斷抽煙對(duì)健康是否是一種危害并不容易。

　　2.A　該題說(shuō)的是：抽煙會(huì)縮短人們的預(yù)期壽命。該題源于第一段最后一個(gè)句子中的子句：tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy抽煙會(huì)縮短人們的預(yù)期壽命。

　　3.A　該題說(shuō)的是：抽煙有可能誘發(fā)肺癌。文章的第二段和第三段都講到了抽煙與肺癌的關(guān)系。

　　4.C　該題說(shuō)的是：有證據(jù)說(shuō)明乳腺癌是抽煙誘發(fā)的。文章沒(méi)有提及乳腺癌與抽煙的關(guān)系。

　　5.B　該題說(shuō)的是：男性煙民死于心臟病的比率小于女性煙民死于心臟病的比率。文章沒(méi)有直接比較男性煙民和女性煙民死于心臟病的比率，但有這么一句話：Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.據(jù)認(rèn)為女性煙民并不把煙吸得很深，煙對(duì)她們的影響小于男性煙民。從中可以推斷出的是：男性煙民死于心臟病的比率高于女性煙民死于心臟病的比率。因此該題的命題是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　6.A　該題說(shuō)的是：尼古丁是有毒的。答案可在第三段找到。

　　7.B　該題說(shuō)的是：有了過(guò)濾嘴和焦油含量低的煙草，抽煙是安全的。文章的最后一段(也是最后一句)是這么說(shuō)的：據(jù)稱，過(guò)濾嘴和焦油含量低的煙草在某種程度上使抽煙變得較為安全，但是它們只是略微減少危害而不是消除危害。因此該題的命題是錯(cuò)誤的。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：2018職稱英語(yǔ)《理工類》閱讀判斷模擬題及參考答案（3） 2016職稱英語(yǔ)理工類 2016中考英語(yǔ)模擬題