ՓЇ(dng)Եcؽ19492000ꑑĻ֮zӑ
l(f)r(sh)g:2020-06-08 Դ: жH c(din)
һ ɣһ(g)h(yun)δɵĚvʷ΄(w)
Їꑮ(dng)׃ľĻһԒǾǣԵcؽԻ֮F(xin)ԵĚȱcޏ(f)
ɡ_(d)Enlightenment顰ĵăr(ji)ֵ^njˡ֮(yn)ԵijJ(rn)cڴ˵ČɡЇvʷmȻ^ǘӴҎ(gu)ģĆx˼\(yn)(dng)ЏVx[һɡRġɡl(f)ɡȥɱΡ֮Փtc֮ͨġ_ǡ֮fҿՓɡз˼ū׃?ni)ھϵB(ti)˼ڬF(xin)ձ鱻飺˵˼뾫ķԵڰнųı`ġB(ti)½ųʹ֮낀(g)@һNCĬF(xin)ˡɞF(xin)֮ˣɞF(xin)еČW(xu)ָģ20o(j)(hu)ƌW(xu)fġF(xin)dž˼fġԑ(yng)(w)ǬF(xin)ԵĻA(ch)[1]Ї19o(j)ĩ~~_F(xin)IJ֮r(sh)ɵĚvʷ΄(w)?yn)顰˵ĬF(xin)(dng)_@һ(g)ܻرҲ@^Ěvʷ΄(w)ҲcһČW(xu)ˇg(sh)(dng)Ǒ(lin)ϵʮеһ(g)}R˼xYxYa(chn)AƄ(dng)ĬF(xin)F(xin)ڡˡ˵ġ}ҲYx(hu)Ƅ(dng)^YxġɡĻr(ji)ֵs^кͰl(f)չR˼xڽQ˵ġ}r(sh)^l(f)չxȡ֮t(hu)NNΆɡάF(xin)ԡΣѽ(jng)Ŀ֪꡶a(chn)hԡһ(g)Ҫ^c(din)ãǴAAYa(chn)Af(hu)@һ(g)(lin)wÿ(g)˵ɰl(f)չһ˵ɰl(f)չėl[2]@ǡǡfR˼xcF(xin)Rһ
ЇǰF(xin)(hu)ķNNأǾЃǧy(tng)Čxʹɱ`xΡČɱ(do)^ɡԵȏ(f)sF(xin)˰ѡġcĸɻһՄĶfѽ(jng)^r(sh)䌍(sh)Їrdžֱl(f)ģǡǡdžʧĽY(ji)ĸ@ӷF(xin)¼ȫcԱYġ60Їꑵġ^m(x)ġޡĸɵĞ(zi)yfˆɵʧ@ڑҲ@F(xin)ġˌW(xu)λȡˡăr(ji)ֵ(yn)ζ͛]Ǻƽl(f)չr(sh)SƷsM˸͑(zhn)ġˎζһζǷNֻڡвſеĘO˵Ե˼Sͱ_(d)ʽֲc˵О鷽ʽˇg(sh)F(xin)бϷȵȡ
ĵf(hu)x(yng)YxІԺͬF(xin)RĚvʷ΄(w)(yng)ǽQYx]ܽQĽ(jng)(j)ĻԼ(hu)˼롢˵ĸF(xin)}١Yxδ֮ɡȻvʷs(sh)һl۵·Ї@ӵδ(jng)^F(xin)I(y)O(sh)xȱλԡаӱ@ӵⷽʽҲ]܉ԽYxĬF(xin)Զ(hu)F(xin)֮·f1949֮ǰxgcF(xin)߀ijNدBԒָЕr(sh)ñֶΞF(xin)_ٵ·ô1949֮ġ(hu)xȡˡF(xin)@NدB㲻ЩA^m(x)Β쎛oa(chn)AόӽĻI(lng)?q)ȫ挣ȵ\(yn)ֻ↢ĨF(xin)RcҲȫxR˼xijĶҲͶһЄ(chung)ԵĬF(xin)ČW(xu)ˇg(sh)C(j)@Ǯ(dng)ʷϛ]ܳF(xin)1949֮ǰF(xin)^đҺ͑(jng)ĸԭخmȻ90Ҳò꡷ճԭҰˡǘӵļʧɵ B(ti)ʹ䄓(chung)쾫ήsֱŸֱꐆʧήsʹ࣬fˡ`̫ࡱʹȦȦ߅MXRxôXD(zhun)(dng)ء@ӵԒҌ|ָ؟(z)ָ؟(z)Ҫܣ܃ɹԽԽλˡwƱʾ(qing)ҵIJM[3]@cˇg(sh)wRKԡ̫ܵwˇ]ϣһ(g)˼njˇg(sh)οRһNԭh(hun)ķ˼
ؕС^m(x)з˼ɡһģe(qing){(dio)ˡҪȺҪ@ӵČɵĹRǂ(g)˙(qun)I(lng)¾͑(yng)ԓЂ(g)ɣI(lng)¾ҪQ^(g)˰ѳȺ(qun)ַ@һc(din)͕(hu)y[4]ՓˆЇyӡҪ֮̎Ҳֵس˶ҡɡԼЇʽġF(xin)˵Ć}҂ĆɵҕǻЇČW(xu)͑ĬF(xin)vHІl(f)҂R(sh)ǣһF(xin)_ٵ·˼Ļ\(yn)(dng)ڮ(dng)ЇȻһ(g)h(yun)δɵĚvʷ΄(w)
1949֮ЇoՓ(jng)(j)ĻҲoՓ(hu)˼һЩ(f)s׃@һ֮ČW(xu)͑m(x)߀ԁĬF(xin)·@һ}Ͻ(jng)vSۺͷ(f)ڡ^m(x)̖£ĸČ↢l(f)չĸǘӳطF(xin)ɣ
1978굽(g)80wƃ(ni)۵ġ˼š\(yn)(dng)Ƅ(dng)£ԛ_ijЩ˼`ؽʹЇϬF(xin)֮·
@(dng)н(jng)v˰낀(g)o(j)SεĚvʷD(zhun)УԵġʧcácؽĆ}㎧в̵Ľ(jng)(yn)ͽӖ(xn)@21o(j)fǺֵ҂ԿY(ji)͙zӑ
(dng)ʮ꣺Եcؽ
19491966꣬(x)Qʮꡱ@һAΑĆcF(xin)R۶׃ڇhČc˂Ȼذй(qun)ĽҕЇ^ĽY(ji)@һԒDŮ1953СڽY(ji)顷1952cɃ1950ɩļޡ1951һеRcx(lin)ϵ@N(lin)ϵc(qun)ğힾooһ(qun)֮DŮõšġʹԼһDŮеŮ˹ݲ˺l(wi)(g)ɵĻA(ch)@һc(din)cġɾͨȻ}ǣ(dng)˄}?q)Ⱥ֮wƟolؿ϶힕r(sh)ݲHfˡҏ(qing){(dio)fLJҵԡҡx硰(g)ԡķԵķNӡġ횜ϡ1951ijF(xin)Hеx˄˾סh(hun)ĸcĸм֮飬mȻӺˡĹּӽ[ĸ(do)ݺ֮һ݆Tıݣ50Z(dng)һr(sh)HܺuKԸȺ֮ٲߣ{(dio)ģ醢ҪxġȺ(qun)硱ҕǣ˺ʮ깩ٷεġ힄֮L(fng)ɴ˶ʼЇF(xin)x\(yn)(dng)ȱ_ʼ@¶(dng)P(yng)ɡ(g)Եĕr(sh)(g)ˏСšs䵽˲Ƽsćҙ(qun)һԪ֮(yng)ԓf@xϵćңǡtotalitarianismֱgǡwxJ(rn)һ(g)ߟoϵwʹ@(g)ɵġw(qun)ͽoO(qun)x͂(g)xĽY(ji)ṩһNgڌ(do)(g)ԽʼO˵؉ւ(g)ԽK@ӵһNɵı[5]@Nɵıʹ׃ˡ׃ˡ1949ԺSη(w)ġ힄hI(lng)䣩䆢cF(xin)R@(g)ɵı߉ʧڡSM(jn)ǘӵġwxM͉Hˡ(yn)ʧMB˵Ļ(qun)Zˣ҂đsֻһζظ֮
^ġx˼ģԡBֽˡĞ锵(sh)^ķNʲôСķN͎зѡȳĆζ19561957ϰڇH(ni)˼볱c΄£Kʮ_˹ֵc˼ĻϵġcF(xin)RЇ̧^F(xin)^һꇶ̕ĺ˼֮L(fng)ο½đ(chung)ģʽ|(zh)һλָ(yng)ԓͻеġNġ(g)ӡ˄M(jn)˼ͱ˼Ķ
r(nng)ͲĶ
(du)܊c˵܊¶(chung)挍(sh)(dng)ġķN[6]@Ȼ@ںصˌW(xu)λρF(xin)˵c(g)BֽˡͬʹࡷȄQwF(xin)@ӵҪ@r(sh)Hٰьɡc(qun)ĸ(lin)ϵ෴и(qun)ɡ(g)ܵijNԵijNŤе|ˬF(xin)(sh)һ(g)ѴڵδJ(rn)֪Ć}˴µ̖硰w(hu)xhI(lng)(do)֮`еąsꐸķ⽨֮˽Bֽˡǂ(g)F(tun)֧ίغMڡM(jn)ԒZёͯҕ˽ֱZ(g)˵ɡеŮ˹ͯһλԸɵr(nng)Ůϲg˂顰Bغò(zhn)cЩϲgcĻ(dng)P(gun)ԼҵġzB֮\@ȻBڡr(sh)sˡφ}ײPµ҇ġr(sh)(g)Խŵǘӣ[Ó_ijN`DŽHxѲ֮ġBҪ@ǡġr(sh)wF(xin)֮F(xin)ġײx50٬F(xin)ʲRΑB(ti)͘Oˇuڮ(dng)r(sh)˼1962ڷӳόӶ̕_͡ߡġVݕ(hu)hϴ˄ƽͬйˌʮȫ(hu)A̖SBֽˡһ(hu)һ(hu)ƽٝP(yng)f(dng)cF(xin)RĻc1957ꡰɡ֮˷NɾࡰĸtһMʹЇ˵ľB(ti)M(jn)µġo(j)
ɡ֮ڇH(zhn)֮£ҲP(gun)ڡHa(chn)x\(yn)(dng)·Փ(zhn)(sh)|(zh)ǘOļM(jn)xR˼xF(xin)Ե˼c̽Їġޡ\(yn)(dng)ֽС^m(x)ҪʹĻաɵı߉ĸЇĆcF(xin)RѸήs֮ˌW(xu)(ni)ݱ˵ɡ(g)ȫħ(g)x顰f֮Դ˼ĻġC͡족ʹ֪RAӝ܊ŤĻr(ji)ֵ^ʹˇƷă(ni)uеĘ(bio)(zhn)ֻܷĘO(qun)֘OޡμM(jn)(sh)ݛՓĻ(do)(qing)ƼsЇ(dng)B(ti)֮ͬF(xin)Tյġ挍(sh)ˡ_ʧ֮P(yng)ν̗lһܼľżһĘVġ^hġP(gun)h䡷@ӵĺÑ(gu)˼19561957gγɵ(c(din)̎xһ)
֮1958ʬF(xin)_ԭġǰ힄·Ҵ(g)fr(sh)ıo(h)㣬߄t˼o(j)Ļ˵ęC(j)(hu)1957֮ͬᣬСtԺһͬh߀Сʮˮ앳ٮ(dng)r(sh)Ļh(hun)¸힡SM(jn)څr(sh)(yng)֮ҵĴP߿ܛ]A(y)ϵSM(jn)(hu)oЇĞ(zi)yĄsֻǮ(dng)ʧӛ1960һAޡԒ͑НġάF(xin)ԡ¶fڄ(chung)̖Qǡ(hu)xF(xin)(sh)xF(xin)(sh)xcxY(ji)ϡ(sh)HϴɷQ֮顰(hu)ŵx֮ˇg(sh)ֶΣZY(ji)(gu)̮ȣF(xin)AM(jn)(sh)tꐸľ(ni)(dng)r(sh)L(fng)һr(sh)ġǧfҪӛһS֮ɎXȄٴ(g)e硶µڱ@ӵđmȻַһI^(qing)挍(sh)wÓAӖ(xn)]·(sh)ڴhݣ1963ͬr(sh)15҄Ժ@ӵđҲע˻[@ķF(xin)ľأΨɷ֡ǂ(g)硰ū`x֮ġr(sh)ڳMɾġ˵đ׃˷ǂ(g)Ե^ǰ50^˵đcһ֮(ni)ǰߵՓA(ch)džxġˌW(xu)ߵՓA(ch)tǡAġΡΘ(bio)(zhn)Еr(sh)ֻ^һ(g)ˡˡS(ni)ֻvȺoҕη̖S¶Ǵ̖ɵġ
19661976̖Qĸʮꡱ䌍(sh)ĸľvϿ196312c6ëɖ|P(gun)ˇҪǑ}ăɴΎаl(f)(dng)ĸʾ¿1978֪R˼š\(yn)(dng)֮r(sh)@cP(gun)ϵʮҲǑĆһF(xin)Rȫȱʮ꣬@һ(g)ԷQ֮顰o(j)ĺڰr(sh)ڣҲ̎ڷǷ B(ti)dzM(dng)W(xu)̗lcxġӰĸⲿF(xin)ΑB(ti)ϾijЩhF(xin)䌍(sh)|(zh)ǷF(xin)ġӰϿҲijNF(xin)ԡ䌍(sh)@һNЇvʷĻԴġάF(xin)ԡ(dng)Ї⽨(hu)ġǰF(xin)ĻF(xin)Ļ(zhn)r(sh)ƽy(tng)(yng)(yng)ĵһ(g)ĻԱnjĻM(jn)Єxcֽ⣬Ͼ֮|(zh)֮@ǡЌW(xu)wW(xu)á֮B֮ҪxˇϵġáҲcͨ١ӰǴһĻ·Įa(chn)㿴|(zh)⚤Ǹ߶ȬF(xin)ҲfǸ߶ȡğⲼЧ(dng)Ȼx_F(xin)Ƽ
ķbO(sh)Ӌ(j)ҲǰլF(xin)(sh)xҪ
Ǵđ푘Dгһ(g)ꂥķՇǣ@̖Q֡F(xin)đ侫(ni)s϶һЩ⽨xϵf|Ty^Ѫy(tng)ՓhԼӢ۳(g)ŵȵȣǡŵġǡF(xin)ġҪһZƹŵx(ni)Ԓ҂F(xin)ڣһ؞F(xin)ŵxΌƵľͬķNNģʽ͗lҎ(gu)^ǣÁƺ͉˵Ļܵľ@Щ|Q(hu)F(xin)κɛQֻһN(qing)˵[7]@ӰͿų↢ԺͬF(xin)RTµ˺˵\(yn)֮F(xin)Äe˵Ʒľ@ľҲԭˌW(xu)(ni)ݲ౻ե^̡ռ_һ(g)(g)ȫӢ]Ђ(g)ԣyRԄe]顰ˡ挍(sh)(dng)УǞ͏(qing)ijNO(sh)Ӌ(j)ġ̖ͽfǡһƬƬ~NĴ[8]挦^ʧȥˑpġ顱(dng)Ȼ(hu)СɛQ족ˇg(sh)ڽʽӖ(xn)]^ZˡԼ˼ľg
19771989@ʮڌĸķ˼c(dng)ڸĸ_ŵĴҲٴӭĻ(zhn)ĆcF(xin)Ru(f)K(f)M(jn)ؽ@ڄ(chung)(sh)`ՓuоͻF(xin)1949֮ʧ˵đġˌW(xu)λ@һr(sh)ڵ´_˵ŞđuߓP(yng)M@NߓP(yng)ʮDy۵ڲͬ˵ĿĸĺxǸͬһ_ʼّMǽˎ͡ģ^Ǟ顰ϸɲڡĸʧȥ(qun)A˼Sʽˇg(sh)߀һf߀ǡʮꡱ͡ĸһʹ1978F(xin)ġڟo̎⡷Vɽ@Щ^õĄҲ߀ͣڡˎ͡ζČϵȻ1979S˼\(yn)(dng)l(f)һ(g)D(zhun)ۣһđӳF(xin)(sh)J|(hu)}Һĸ_ŵđF(xin)ˣ硶ġ(bo)(qun)cδنȾ@ЩMоđһ߶ꡰ힄fL(fng)@r(sh)Ї֪R_ʼˏӵĻr(ji)ֵ^Ϗصĸ˼³֮ܰ^˼ľgǡġɳ~µȾǽ¶(dng)r(sh)ʹġߺTIJ֮L(fng)(sh)H|˼(qun)y(tng)¡١cìҲ(qun)oO(jin)ľΣ@һeyʮеΆ}@һ}˽30Ľ@F(xin)(sh)ԺͼJˣԓϺݳһڏV^Юa(chn)QһҲAǙ(qun)ߣIJM@όӡP(gun)עӑՓMڂ(g)eߌ_ã@ӑՓˇ\(yn)(dng)ǘY(ji)@һF(xin)(sh)r(sh)ԘO(qing)ĺÑ߀DZ׃ؽˡͬr(sh)߀Ӱ̫ꖺˡӰČW(xu)С١߰ט壩ͬҲ?yn)چcF(xin)R|F(xin)(sh)͕r(sh)}ɵθʹF(xin)˵ľJpʻS֮ݵđ1980Ѹ롰
Ȼ80ĻB(ti)ݾcͬȻЇF(xin)IJѽ(jng)ֹͣô֧@һI(y)֮Ļr(ji)ֵĆcF(xin)RͲر19801989꣬Їһlػ̽ǰM(jn)Ć֮·ڑľָČ(qun)(hu)F(xin)(sh)ìܵĽ¶cһз˵F(xin)vʷĻc˼g؞Ժ˵`̽cڄ(chung)cF(xin)ֶηҲ(jng)vˏĔPάF(xin)(sh)x֏(f)F(xin)(sh)xy(tng)W(xu)(x)bF(xin)x^̣еđҰѽby(tng)cW(xu)(x)(lin)ϵ(yng)ԓf@ʮǑ֮cF(xin)Rؽcޏ(f)ĶʹđõߓP(yng)ʮ꣬ҲǸڌʮꡱ͡ĸfʮ@һr(sh)ڣLڽy(tng)ĉxΌ(sh)xA̗lx֧εfđģʽǰἰġr(nng)NԼߴȫӢģʽȣM(jn)ҵķ@N5060ҲF(xin)^̕ѸRΑB(ti)ȥ80@һs˸ĸ_֮ݣˡᄞ顰˼mƉģ^ȾYa(chn)AɻKƱǰM(jn)Փ̈́(chung)(sh)`ϸ׃Ї(dng)l(f)չڅݣʹ˼gˇg(sh)gõ˿ǰU(ku)Щ(yu)ㄡ|(zh)⚤c(ni)϶|wF(xin)̎˼֮еЇǷNeO_P(yng)ϵľB(ti)ֻ@r(sh)ŕ(hu)@ĬF(xin)ԣųˡľ֮(sh)F(xin)ˡھI(lng)ƽȡԒǰᵽġġ֮Сͬ?jin)ƣ܇վн\ƣɣƺo(j)¡ӶƽԒԼܲcޡꐁȣz¡꣩ɽšκC80cF(xin)Rؽcޏ(f)Ҳֻ@ӵ˼ŵ΄܌(sh)F(xin)y(tng)ĿƌW(xu)оc侫AİգһλĻġLݡĵͤ@fȱcF(xin)RͲJ(rn)Ry(tng)Ļr(ji)ֵ֮ڰF(xin)ʷϣ@ʮ꣬ġġxʮشfС̱xҲ^
19902000@20o(j)ʮ꣬һ(g)cF(xin)RһΏġ𡱵ĕr(sh)˾šL(fng)OӰЇ˵ľB(ti)ѽ(jng)˵ĘO㡰ĸM(jn)㣨(x)TZͽС㡱DáL(fng)ęC(j)(hu)ĸ_ŵľɾЇص·ȥ[9]mȻlҲŤD(zhun)ЇF(xin)ĴcF(xin)Rһܵش1989°1991^Ya(chn)Aɻ\(yn)(dng)УɡУ^cʮꡱĸͬ˴λسǡܛԡġθĸĜcЈ(jng)(j)ĻM(jn)ʹ(g)(hu)|(zh)ƽӹڑό(do)µĽY(ji)ǰǘӏ(qing)ӲA(y)cֱӵ؞η(w)ҪǑήsⲿF(xin)̓cƽӹ|(zh)⚤֮ʢw(ni)֮˥ҲfĻ֮ʢǡǾ֮˥ıؑ^ʢ¡S÷ŮˡԒwϹ@һZ(dng)һr(sh)^@һF(xin)Ĵ¡☋(gu)ɵЇF(xin)xcW(xu)ɳ˄ݶ@ЩOF(xin)ƲӰµ_Ͱl(f)@һr(sh)fO˼̧^cġffһ(g)ƽӹr(sh)֮ˇg(sh)̈́(chung)ؚp˄tǡ桱|(zh)⚤{(dio)٩tɫ(jng)䡱o@һЌؽ辫ɺ߶Ȅ(chung)đfǘO鲻һ(g)ֻX͡(qun)]ˆɵԊ(hu)ô(hu)кõđ90MҲF(xin)^ٔ(sh)^õđԒt¡ccϡԼС˼ȣwf@һ(g)ήs_̓ٷsĕr(sh)wƃ(ni)ķNNu(jing)ͅRݻ(dng)Ͱl(f)չfٟoһeܿ׃bֶ(dng)ֻX㡰̑ʹĄ(chung)ur(ji)ʧȥ˽ČȤĆcF(xin)R߀۵m(x)Ҧh(yun)һԒm(do)bAġ^x\ߑ˼еĆɾ߀EɌġ
Į(dng)Ļ☋(gu)ɡߵăɂ(g)`^(q)
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\(yn)(dng)Еr(sh)Ҳ(hu)ɵďԳȻȫeOġxֻһ(g)ȣˡ΄tȻЃcؓ(f)(c(din)̎xһ)
eOcOxcxЃɂ(g)ȣˡc˵ԵcԵc_M(jn)cڰ(dng)cǔһкڰ(dng)ξSo(h)y(tng)εֶ˿ֲ֮⣬ǿ˼ɱcūԸNɵġݛՓ_ˡ]^s߀ѸZ?yn)醢cβһڡʮꡱ͡ĸđвŕ(hu)F(xin)λՏ(qing)RcF(xin)ԷҊʧĬF(xin)ЩޡӰ^f@һF(xin)η(w)(yng)(dng)?sh)ģҪͬr(sh)ȡԵİգΣʹoxoֻʣɷNܣ?yn)顰Ĺ(yn)ͼ@cF(xin)Ǹġ
Ĵꑮ(dng)ķ(g)@һĻҲܿcε@eġˌW(xu)λΡλȡ֮_ֻСߣcߣ]Сˡx˵Ă(g)cɱص1949֮ˑ@һ(g)f@(g)Ρ1949֮ǰxcġ^ijN۵ġ(lin)ϵôZȡ(qun)ԺΌ(sh)xsҪ@N(lin)ϵ@һλϸɲ20xѸĕhđ˸(qun)®(dng)ˡ١ԡ(qun)һҪ?jing)e˷ҪաڱΡijЩ|ҲҪѸhȬF(xin)o^ǷNɾˡ醢ɺľ֮һġ(g)xIndividualism,g(g)xHYx(hu)õJ(rn)l(f)չR˼xҲ{Լ˼wϵ(g)Եɰl(f)չ(hu)ҪҪѸĬF(xin)˼ЇĬF(xin)ˣe
g(sh)˱(g)Զˡ˵ĬF(xin)c(qing)P(gun)ϵǣʹ֮X(g)ԏɳ֮D(zhun)ˇ[10]mᘌЩԡҡڠ(g)ˡ^c(din)fゃ(g)˵ǞҠゃԼ˸ǞҠ˸ƽȵćҲһȺūŽ[11](g)֮ڵǂ(g)ҡ@fġˇƽȵćҡǰؕfǂ(g)˂(g)˙(qun)ڵġwxTotalitarianism,g(qun)xѸfġˇcmfġƽȵćҡĬF(xin)ҵͬxZ
(g)xǡײxĺĺ`Ƅ(dng)Ї֮F(xin)P(gun)ҪȻЇy(tng)ĻxӵӰײǘӵġ(g)xmЇĻвȫoc֮ͨڵYԴ20o(j)һЇͱ`xcѸfǘӣ(g)һZЇδ̖QRr(sh)֮ʿԞԍƈuc\ͬδ֪`麦ҲeĿ䌍(sh)Ȼӡ[12]Ѹfġ`䌍(sh)ĬF(xin)1949֮Ӈ(yn)أژO˼ĵÄcF(xin)ȱλЩ˼ʹ^䌍(sh)ҲεҪw֮֮ڡġĻ\(yn)(dng)xߴƉĂ(g)Եf֮ԭ[13]1958꣬ˇI(lng)܊ܓP(yng)sڿY(ji)ɡĈ(bo)桶ˇ(zhn)ϵһqՓĽ(jng)ëɖ|f(g)x(hu)x(hu)f֮ԴԭԴ֮eԭˣ@һ(g)ô˸пϵ֮ĚvʷĻĴ۰@CˡɡcΡą^(q)e
☋(gu)ɡߵĵڶ(g)`^(q)ǿˇg(sh)˵ľӰĶˑc˼cε(lin)ϵӷطĽx䌍(sh)ǡǡڃɷN҂ˆcε(lin)ϵc^(q)e_Ȼ(hu)_ĿsӰcF(xin)ͲȫÓxΡҲǑF(xin)ČP(gun)IڑcεP(gun)ϵǜ\ǴС@NP(gun)ϵDzƽȵ҂еġλη(w)ָǷNūrǰcɞ锳֮r(sh)@ӵ϶ĽQη(w)µĽƄ(dng)˵|(zh)֮B(yng)ɺ;֮܌W(xu)ָ̻ЃɷNһNwF(xin)ԡ֮˵ձڿwϾSo(h)Եı|(zh)Ҏ(gu)һN^ġ̻tǡǡ෴䌍(sh)ǡϴXǾSo(h)Եı|(zh)Ҏ(gu)ǰ֮˵ձԳMƫҊ(d)ĪM(jng)(yn)x(g)e½MƯT˵̖[14]箔(dng)ǰڴꑏVеġĻx͡(f)šx硰ĸеġѪy(tng)ՓΨɷ֡ՓӰȡɽ~r(nng)|(zh)áԼcP(gun)ķ⽨Ty^߀СӢۡݡ(g)ŵȵ@Щ|̻ˣnj(g)e½R˼fԡ˼W늡ˡųɞˡ(sh)HϾnjһN̻µˡšɞǰһN̻µҲfǰһNϡĽ̻džɵĽ̻һN¡Ľ̻tɱεġ̻Մʲô
ĻxԴϵČcҲԴ挦M(jn)ġߡԱɡֵ֑ĪM(do)ġȻǡ¡ĶǡϡģcԵăr(ji)ֵ^nj@cɵһlˮXԿĻԣJ(rn)ȫĻĹ֮ͬͨr(ji)ֵ
ĻxtĻĹͬ(bio)(zhn)J(rn)Ļи(yu)֮cM(jn)֮eԿǽ^ΨһЇĻxЇF(xin)M(jn)ݷF(xin)Ľɫ(dng)cĻr(sh)Ƚ]IJաߡM(jn)ь^Q廯Ć}ǽڡ廯M(jn)@NĻ(dng)ȻһĚvʷȻvʷV҂^廯(sh)ЃɷNһNǷeO_ŵJ(rn)ĻĹ֮ͬͨ̎c(din)ڰЩ(yu)Ė|Á
һNO]͵J(rn)ĻĹͬr(ji)ֵc(din)ԡ⡱M(jn)Ļԡ廯ȡF(xin)ƩԒ20o(j)Їĕr(sh)(dng)Ȼһ(g)廯Ć}@һ}ĽQĻxfôy͇(yn)f1920tɺֵܵȺϺ_ݳ۠mʒ{ġA֮I(y)ʧfԒġ廯߀һ(g)ֵעĆ}Ԓô1924f(xi)(zh)(do)һλ۠mµġ̵ӡԭСصנ˵ӡ@ɹtfԒݳʽѽ(jng)ɹرֲЇ_ԒČW(xu)Ą(chung)fЇԒһ_ʼڡ廯·ϵһhWٻcһˇg(sh)YԴ䄓(chung)ʹȡԒ@NʽZL(fng)ˇg(sh)ζҲoЇ˵(ni)Į(dng)ȻǡF(xin)Їˡľ30ЇԒѽ(jng)ʲôС족ѽ(jng)ȫ׃ɵصصЇF(xin)һNʽһNΑB(ti)ˡlfhخܵ˵ЩԒЇF(xin)Ľ(jng)ΛrЇԒĮa(chn)Ͱl(f)չҲǃHHһ(g)ˇg(sh)ʽĆ}ЇĻF(xin)һ˵ĬF(xin)tҪă(ni)@ӿڿՕr(sh)P(gun)ڑʽӑՓǂ(g)ġɾġ廯̖@ȻAsA(f)xxA廯͵Qˡr(nng)ںӰˇF(xin)fǁĻx(dng)r(sh)(qing){(dio)ġԒ廯ѽ(jng)ЇԒfϿfĻxŵһ(g)RڡĴԒMһ(g)ԭͲǡЇġ^ıخh(yun)겻ɡ족廯΄(w)@(g)·40Ӱ1949֮(g)ġ廯cġxġ˵đF(xin)Y^ɫҲ(hu)׃ɾܽ^M(jn)ĻēƣǏ(f)fͬxZЕr(sh)tͣڌfijЩʽصİúģֱ߀J(rn)Ԓѽ(jng)ɞЇġ@e(cu)`廯Ěvʷǰᑪ(yng)ǬF(xin)ͨt(yng)džxεĉʹ@(g)(dng)?sh)߉н?xn)Ǻֵ҂21o(j)ĽԿY(ji)͙zӑ
20o(j)90ԁڴꑿĻB(ti)ϵķAcĻϵx(yng)߾↢F(xin)RһNǶǵՓ{(dio)J(rn)飺ԽľԽġҰѴԒİl(f)(qun)w֮Ѹ䌍(sh)ѸԣH20o(j)l(f)ġĻƫՓĦ_ԊfҪՓF(xin)Ļ۹ǰõP(gun)ڡ(g)ˡcˇՓѸ^c(din)cĻx෴ġǏµһԒ_ʼģF(xin)ڵČW(xu)Ҳһеطɫʵ׳ɞeע⡣ȥЇ֮(dng)[15]Ոעطɫʡڡԡeע⡱Ҳǫ@cx˼@vֻĻеġ톖}sˇg(sh)r(ji)ֵJ(rn)ͬԆ}߉(yng)ԓ@ӵģһxˇg(sh)ȻǾɫģһЎĵطԺԵˇg(sh)Գɞ顰ġȫ@ȫ֮ͬͨr(ji)ֵ]ؑѺ۹ˇg(sh)Ͱl(f)չ͕(hu)ܵOơJ(rn)Ҫą^(q)eڵ^(q)˷NccҰU[16]ڡȫr(sh)Ļ(dng)Ȼ(yng)ԓǶԪࡱʽL(fng)ԼNͬ˼S_(d)ķr(ji)ֵ(bio)(zhn)s(yng)Ƕwһһж(yng)ǷͰl(f)չ(zhn)
Y(ji)19492000ĚvʷӖ(xn)21o(j)ЇՓŵN(yn)đ߀F(xin)Ļy(tng)ԒҪF(xin)֮·ؕI(xin)͑(yng)صˌW(xu)Ķλ(jin)ֆɵĻ
2006 6¡9ϾͲS
뺮ɽЇČW(xu)Ěvʷ\(yn)A2007棩
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[3] ﱾһ܊`ꡪخLՄ䛡2542퓣K2001
[4] ؕ^m(x)з˼ɡϷĩ2006615
[5] ؕ^m(x)з˼ɡϷĩ2006615
[6] 루ķNϾՈ(bo)1957611
[7] []ղءR֮SСg151ӢuҺղءF(xin)(sh)xһ֮ԣVW(xu)2001
[8] ͽ𣺡S䛡811퓣x֪(lin)1987
[9] o(j)ƣo(j)Сƽͬ־S20048
[10] ѸĻƫՓѸȫһ5057ČW(xu)1981
[11] mBԼ˼롷mļ511512퓣W(xu)1998
[12] ͬע10
[13] 棨˹꣩f֮ԭ³һ1̖191911գ
[14] []h˹W_(d)ĬchgϾ14퓣Ϻgij1999
[15] Ѹ1934419ꐟţҊѸȫʮ391ČW(xu)1981
[16] ՄԒ䛡츻g220222gֳ2002
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