他山之石,可以攻玉
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-06-21 來(lái)源: 感恩親情 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要:英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作是衡量學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合水平的重要指標(biāo),然而寫(xiě)作一直是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。本文從高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),探討如何合理運(yùn)用課本資源,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)訓(xùn)練詞塊,挖掘話題,依托文本,操練句式來(lái)積累語(yǔ)言,采用翻譯,連詞成文以及“CARIC”法(縮寫(xiě)、改寫(xiě)、評(píng)寫(xiě)、仿寫(xiě)和續(xù)寫(xiě))進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)和寫(xiě)作練習(xí),逐步提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作水平。
關(guān)鍵詞:寫(xiě)作;課本資源;詞塊;句式;CARIC法
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):G632.0 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1992-7711(2016)12-0069
一、問(wèn)題的提出
書(shū)面表達(dá)在高考中占有相當(dāng)大的比重,而許多學(xué)生在此方面丟分甚多,以致影響最后的總分,筆者就目前高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析研究。究其原因,主要有以下兩個(gè)方面:
1. 學(xué)生層面
就目前而言,學(xué)生對(duì)作文普遍存在著恐懼心理,學(xué)生對(duì)寫(xiě)作聽(tīng)而生畏,越害怕,越不會(huì)寫(xiě),越不會(huì)寫(xiě),越怕寫(xiě),形成了一種惡性循環(huán)。絕大多數(shù)學(xué)生沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成閱讀、思考、練筆的習(xí)慣,沒(méi)有多少的積累,提不起寫(xiě)作的熱情,激不起創(chuàng)作的靈感,寫(xiě)出的作文中往往是句式亂用,辭不達(dá)意。寫(xiě)作成了學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中最痛苦的折磨。
2. 教師層面
教師沒(méi)有設(shè)計(jì)能激發(fā)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作興趣的寫(xiě)作資源,所謂的寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練往往是在寫(xiě)之前,主要指導(dǎo)學(xué)生審題,或使學(xué)生進(jìn)入寫(xiě)作的情景,或有構(gòu)思的激發(fā)乃至訓(xùn)練,主要解決“寫(xiě)什么”的問(wèn)題,對(duì)“怎么寫(xiě)”只有原則性的引導(dǎo)或要求;在寫(xiě)之后,教師對(duì)學(xué)生的作文進(jìn)行講評(píng),主要解決“寫(xiě)得怎么樣”的問(wèn)題,對(duì)學(xué)生是怎么寫(xiě)的則很少顧及。訓(xùn)練方法單一,機(jī)械重復(fù)操練高考書(shū)面表達(dá)材料,很少整合課本資源,只重結(jié)果不重過(guò)程,而且批改與反饋也還欠及時(shí)。整個(gè)高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)的延續(xù)性和系統(tǒng)性方面都有欠缺。
二、概念界定
《教育大詞典》(顧明遠(yuǎn)主編)對(duì)教材的界定為:教材是教師和學(xué)生據(jù)此進(jìn)行教學(xué)活動(dòng)的材料,是課堂教學(xué)的主要媒體。教材有完整的知識(shí)和技能體系、先進(jìn)的教育理念、合理的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)和彈性的教學(xué)要求,對(duì)于教學(xué)效果的優(yōu)劣成敗起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。
本文的研究將立足于課本教材,從實(shí)踐的角度探討英語(yǔ)課本資源的開(kāi)發(fā)以及在高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)中的實(shí)踐。
三、解決策略
1. 厚積薄發(fā),學(xué)以致用
。1)訓(xùn)練詞塊,挖掘話題
NSEFC教材給學(xué)生提供了豐富的詞匯和英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法,是學(xué)生獲得新知識(shí)、學(xué)習(xí)積累詞匯的有效途徑。在上詞匯課時(shí),我們就可以結(jié)合情境,利用課本詞匯進(jìn)行造句,翻譯的練習(xí),及時(shí)鞏固詞匯的用法并加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的遣詞造句能力,使學(xué)生在獲得輸入之后有效地轉(zhuǎn)換輸出。這樣日積月累, 就可以消除學(xué)生寫(xiě)作中詞匯貧乏, 語(yǔ)言空洞無(wú)物,詞匯搭配漏洞百出等問(wèn)題。
例如:在學(xué)習(xí)Module 3 Unit 2, Healthy eating詞匯和語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)時(shí),教師結(jié)合學(xué)生自身的學(xué)習(xí)和香港知名主持人沈殿霞女兒Joyce Cheng的親身減肥經(jīng)歷,運(yùn)用課本詞匯,進(jìn)行翻譯,結(jié)合具體情境,增加學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作興趣和成就感。下面列舉的是翻譯的部分句子。
Translation1: 由于她的身形,她總是被別人嘲笑,他們的話讓她發(fā)瘋。 (drive)
Because of her huge figure, she was always laughed at by others. Their words drove her mad.
Translation2: 我不會(huì)允許他們嘲笑我了。(won’t have…doing)
I won’t have them laughing at me.
Translation3: 下定決心減肥之后,她去向醫(yī)生咨詢。(lose weight, consult)
After she made up her mind to lose weight, she went to consult a doctor.
Translation4: 眾所周知,沒(méi)有比健康更重要的事情了。(否定詞+比較級(jí)的用法)
最后,要求學(xué)生結(jié)合翻譯寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于Joyce Cheng成功減肥的故事,在合理運(yùn)用課本詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合所學(xué)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句、定語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)等,下面是學(xué)生的優(yōu)秀習(xí)作:
Singer Joyce Cheng struggled with obesity throughout her childhood and early teens. Because of her huge figure, she was always laughed at by others,whose words drove her mad. She always sat alone feeling very frustrated, with her tears rolling down. “I won’t have them laughing at me.” She thought. Having made up her mind to lose weight, she went to consult a doctor. “As is known to all, nothing is more important than health. So you ought to attach importance to keeping a balanced diet. Above all, you must cut down on sweets and fat for the reason that they may make us put on weight easily. Besides, taking proper exercise is necessary, from which you can benefit a lot. In a word, only by combining healthy diet with proper exercise can you keep fit.” The doctor advised. Joyce followed his advice and made every effort to lose weight. Her balanced diet along with proper exercise became such a success that before long Joyce became slimmer. She must have suffered a lot. It was her effort and perseverance that won back other’s respect and admiration.
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