摘 要：該文研究36種常用中藥材80%乙醇提取物在體外抗臨床常見(jiàn)致病菌的抗菌活性。采用藥敏紙片法測(cè)耐藥菌的耐藥譜，中藥粗粉用80%乙醇浸泡提取，提取液減壓濃縮得浸膏，通過(guò)瓊脂打孔法測(cè)定提取物抑菌圈，再通過(guò)微量倍比稀釋法測(cè)定最低抑菌濃度（MIC）和最低殺菌濃度（MBC）。結(jié)果表明：36種中藥材醇提物中，有15種具有廣譜抗菌活性，對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)中各標(biāo)準(zhǔn)菌表現(xiàn)出不同程度的抑制作用，對(duì)MRSA抗菌活性也較強(qiáng)。其中，巖陀、卷柏、首烏藤、蘇木、烏藥、夏枯草6種藥材的抗菌活性比較突出，抑菌圈均大于11 mm，細(xì)菌對(duì)其表現(xiàn)為中高度敏感；它們對(duì)7株標(biāo)準(zhǔn)菌的MIC/MBC值除個(gè)別為12.5 mg·mL-1以外，均小于1.563 mg·mL-1，對(duì)16株MRSA的MIC/MBC值均小于1.563 mg·mL-1，它們的萃取層活性均小于1 mg·mL-1。所篩選出的15種抗菌活性較強(qiáng)的中藥材，可為后續(xù)研究其活性單體化合物和作用機(jī)制，研發(fā)有效的抗多重耐藥菌的中藥制劑以及解決細(xì)菌耐藥性問(wèn)題提供一定的參考。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：中藥材， 金黃色葡萄球菌， 大腸埃希菌， 白色念珠菌 ， 銅綠假單胞菌， 抗菌活性， 最低抑菌濃度， 最低殺菌濃度
　　中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：Q946
　　文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A
　　文章編號(hào)：1000-3142（2018）04-0428-13
　　Abstract：To determine the in vitro antimicrobial activities of 80% ethanol extracts from 36 common Chinese herbal medicines against common clinical pathogenic bacteria. The spectrum of multidrug-resistant clinical stains isolated from the sputum samples was determined by the Kirby-Bauer （K-B） method. The dried powder of the collected 36 Chinese herbal medicine samples were extracted with 80% ethanol and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to get the ethanol extracts. The antimicrobial activities of each extract against bacteria or fungi were studied by screening inhibition zone diameters （IZDs） with agar-diffusion methods， and minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） were determined by serial microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of fifteen species among 36 species selected had wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities， including the activity against MRSA. Six kinds of Chinese herbal medicines had obvions antibacterial activities， i.e. Bergenia purpurascens， Selaginella tamariscina， Polygonum multiflorum， Caesalpinia sappan， Lindera aggregata and Prunella vulgaris. Their IZDs were greater than 11 mm and the bacteria showed moderately and highly sensitivity. The MIC/MBCs against seven standard strains were mostly less than 1.563 mg·mL-1， in addition to 12.5 mg·mL-1 individually. The MIC/MBCs against sixteen strains of MRSA were also less than 1.563 mg·mL-1， and their sub-extracts were less than 1 mg·mL-1. The fifteen species screened out among commonly used Chinese herbal medicines with good antibacterial activities could provide a basis for the subsequent activity tracking of isolated components， for the study on antibacterial mechanism and exploring effective Chinese medicine preparations against multiple resistant bacteria， and for solving the problem of bacterial resistance.
　　Key words：Chinese herbal medicines， Staphylococcus aureus， Escherichia coli， Candida albicans， Pseudomonas aeruginosa， antibacterial activity， minimum inhibitory concentration， minimum bactericidal concentration

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