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從馬兜鈴酸含量影響因素探討含馬兜鈴酸中藥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-26 來源: 感恩親情 點(diǎn)擊:

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  [摘要] 馬兜鈴酸廣泛地存在于馬兜鈴科馬兜鈴屬Aristolochia和細(xì)辛屬Asarum等植物中,由于具有很強(qiáng)的腎臟毒性和對泌尿系統(tǒng)的致癌性而引起了廣泛關(guān)注。我國于2003—2004年禁止關(guān)木通、廣防己和青木香的使用,其他的含馬兜鈴酸中藥均按照處方藥管理使用。該文檢索了近十年發(fā)表的有關(guān)馬兜鈴酸含量分析的文獻(xiàn),提示細(xì)辛屬Asarum藥材尤其是其根和根莖中的馬兜鈴酸含量較低,含細(xì)辛的中成藥多數(shù)未檢出馬兜鈴酸Ⅰ,個(gè)別中成藥品種可檢出微量馬兜鈴酸Ⅰ。而馬兜鈴屬Aristolochia藥材如馬兜鈴、朱砂蓮、尋骨風(fēng)等藥材中的馬兜鈴酸含量相對較高,含這些藥材的中成藥馬兜鈴酸含量研究文獻(xiàn)較少。影響中藥材及中成藥中馬兜鈴酸含量的因素較多,包括藥材的使用部位、藥材的產(chǎn)地、炮制方法、提取工藝等。建議重視含馬兜鈴酸中藥尤其是馬兜鈴屬Aristolochia中藥的毒性,對相關(guān)的飲片和中成藥的使用要慎重。加強(qiáng)含馬兜鈴酸中藥的基礎(chǔ)研究,選擇合適的產(chǎn)地、炮制方法及提取工藝,同時(shí)加強(qiáng)相關(guān)中藥材、飲片及中成藥中馬兜鈴酸含量的監(jiān)測,以降低用藥風(fēng)險(xiǎn),保證臨床用藥安全。
  [關(guān)鍵詞] 馬兜鈴酸; 含量; 影響因素
  [Abstract] Aristolochic acids (AAs) widely exist in such plants as Aristolochia and Asarum The renal toxicity of AAs as well as its carcinogenicity to urinary system have been widely known In 2003 and 2004, China prohibited the use of Aristolochiae Radix, Aristolochiae Manshuriensis Caulis and Aristolochiae Fangchi Radix, and required administering other AAscontaining medicines in accordance with the regulations for prescription drugs In this paper, we retrieved literatures on the content determination of AAs in recent 10 years in China It suggested that the AAs content is lower in Asarum herb, especially in its roots and rhizomes, and most of which do not show detectable amount of AAI Some of traditional Chinese medicines show fairly small amount of detectable AAI The AAs content in Aristolochia herb (including Fructus Aristolochiae, kaempfer dutchmanspipe root) is relatively high; however, there are fewer literatures for studying the content determination of AAs in Chinese patent medicines There were many factors affecting AAs content, including the parts used, origins, processing methods, extraction process It suggested that we should pay attention to the toxicity of Chinese medicines containing AAs and use these decoction pieces and traditional Chinese medicines cautiously In addition, basic studies for the origins, processing methods and extraction process of Chinese patent medicines containing AAs, as well as supervision and detection of AAs content in traditional Chinese medicinal materials, decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicines shall be strengthened for reducing medication risk and guaranteeing clinical medication safety
  [Key words] aristolochis acids; content; influencing factor
  馬兜鈴酸(aristolochic acid,AAs)及其衍生物為硝基菲類化合物,廣泛存在于馬兜鈴科馬兜鈴屬Aristolochia及細(xì)辛屬Asarum等植物中。二十世紀(jì)八九十年代,發(fā)現(xiàn)馬兜鈴酸具有很強(qiáng)的腎臟毒性,尤其是歐洲1 800多名婦女在誤用含馬兜鈴酸中藥廣防己的減肥藥后發(fā)生的嚴(yán)重腎損害的事件,使得含馬兜鈴酸中草藥的毒性受到全球廣泛的關(guān)注[1]。我國藥用的含馬兜鈴酸中草藥(herbs containing aristolochis acids,HCAAs)主要是馬兜鈴科馬兜鈴屬Aristolochia及細(xì)辛屬Asarum。除了腎臟毒性以外,有部分患者在進(jìn)入慢性腎功能衰竭期后,常常并發(fā)泌尿系統(tǒng)腫瘤,主要位于腎盂輸尿管及膀胱等部位[2]。在給予馬兜鈴酸的動(dòng)物中除了觀察到泌尿系腫瘤之外,還可見前胃腫瘤[3],可能與嚙齒類動(dòng)物的胃結(jié)構(gòu)與人類不同有關(guān)。最近《Science Translation Medicine》刊發(fā)的一篇論文,認(rèn)為臺灣和亞洲地區(qū)的肝癌的發(fā)生可能與馬兜鈴酸有關(guān),該論文再次引發(fā)民眾對含馬兜鈴酸中藥安全性的擔(dān)憂。目前歐美、東南亞的一些國家以及我國臺灣地區(qū)已經(jīng)禁止使用馬兜鈴科中藥材及其相關(guān)制劑,我國禁止了關(guān)木通、廣防己以及青木香等馬兜鈴酸含量較高的品種的使用。我國尚有一些馬兜鈴酸含量相對較低的馬兜鈴科中藥材及其制劑未予禁用。本文對近十年發(fā)表的含馬兜鈴酸中藥材以及相關(guān)制劑的馬兜鈴酸含量分析研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了總結(jié),以了解現(xiàn)用的相關(guān)品種的馬兜鈴酸含量范圍,并分析影響馬兜鈴酸含量的因素,旨在為相關(guān)藥材及其制劑的生產(chǎn)以及臨床安全用藥提供參考。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:馬兜鈴 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制 含量 中藥 探討

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